Notre Dame de Rouen. The façade of the Gothic Church in France. Photographer: Hippo1947. Licence: SHUTTERSTOCK.

Tuesday 31 May 2016

The Black Madonna Of Poland. Our Lady of Częstochowa. The Queen Of Poland.


File:NMP-Czestochowska-w-koronie.jpg

English: The Crowned Black Madonna of Częstochowa.
Photo: 29 May 2013.
Source: Own work.
Author: Robert Drózd.
(Wikimedia Commons)



Częstochowa, Czarna Madonna
- Piękna Pieśn Maryjna.
Available on YouTube at


Text is from Wikipedia - the free encyclopaedia.

The Black Madonna of Częstochowa (Polish: Czarna Madonna or Matka Boska Częstochowska, Latin: Imago thaumaturga Beatae Virginis Mariae Immaculatae Conceptae, in Claro Monte ), also known as Our Lady of Częstochowa, is a revered icon of The Virgin Mary housed at The Jasna Góra Monastery, in Częstochowa, Poland. Several Pontiffs have recognised the Venerated icon, beginning with Pope Clement XI, who issued a Canonical Coronation to the image on 8 September 1717 via The Vatican Chapter.

The four-foot-high painting displays a traditional composition well known in the icons of Eastern Christians. The Virgin Mary is shown as the "Hodegetria" ("One Who Shows the Way"). In it, The Virgin directs attention away from herself, gesturing with her Right Hand toward Jesus as The Source of Salvation. In turn, The Child extends His Right Hand toward the viewer, in Blessing, while holding a Book of Gospels in His Left Hand. The icon shows The Madonna in fleur-de-lis robes.



Our Lady of Czestochowa.
Feast Day 26 August.
Plus, The Rosary.
Available on YouTube at


The origins of the icon and the date of its composition are still hotly contested among scholars.The difficulty in dating the icon stems from the fact that the original image was painted over, after being badly damaged by Hussite raiders in 1430. The wooden boards that backed the painting were broken and the canvas slashed.

Mediaeval restorers, unfamiliar with the encaustic method, found that the paints they applied to the damaged areas "simply sloughed off the image", according to the Mediaeval chronicler Risinius, and their solution was to erase the original image and to repaint it on the original panel. The original features of an Orthodox icon were softened; the nose was made more aquiline.



The Black Madonna of Poland.
Available on YouTube at


The icon of Our Lady of Częstochowa has been intimately associated with Poland for the past 600 years. Its history, prior to its arrival in Poland, is shrouded in numerous legends which trace the icon's origin to Saint Luke, who painted it on a cedar table top from The House of The Holy Family. The same legend holds that the painting was discovered in Jerusalem in 326 A.D., by Saint Helena, who brought it back to Constantinople and presented it to her son, Emperor Constantine the Great.



Polski: Uproszczony obraz godła Polski; oficjalne godło:
English: Simplified image of the Coat-of-Arms of Poland.
The official Coat-of-Arms can be seen at:
Date: 9 February 2008.
Source: From Polish Wikipedia. Originally uploaded
(Wikimedia Commons)



Polski: Częstochowa - zespół klasztorny oo. Paulinów: Kościół pw. Wniebowzięcia NMP i Znalezienia Krzyża Św. z kaplicami, zakrystią, skarbcem, wieżą, klasztorem,
zabudowaniami gospodarczymi, arsenałem, drukarnią, domem muzykantów,
twierdzą z bramami i bastionami, park (zabytek nr A-12/78 z 17.02.1978).
English: The Jasna Góra Monastery (Polish: Jasna Góra, Luminous Mount, Hungarian: Fényes Hegy, Latin: Clarus Mons) in Częstochowa, Poland, is a famous Polish Shrine to The Virgin Mary and one of the Country's places of pilgrimage – for many the Monastery is a Spiritual Capital.
to which miraculous powers are attributed, is one of Jasna Góra's most precious treasures.
Photo: 15 June 2010.
Source: Own work.
Author: Aw58.
(Wikimedia Commons)

The Blessed Virgin Mary. Mediatrix Of All Graces. Feast Day 31 May.


Text from The Saint Andrew Daily Missal,
unless otherwise stated.

The Blessed Virgin Mary.
Mediatrix of All Graces.
Feast Day 31 May.

(Local Feasts. Feasts kept
in some Religious Congregations
and in some places).

White Vestments.



The Blessed Virgin Mary.
Mediatrix of All Graces.
Illustration: SHUTTERSTOCK


A Feast and Mass granted by Pope Benedict XV to many Dioceses.

"The Will of God is that we should have everything through Mary," says Saint Bernard of Clairvaux. The Father has sent us His Son, but His Will was to make His coming depend upon the Fiat of The Virgin, which He commanded the Angel Gabriel to solicit on The Day of The Annunciation.

The Father and The Son send us The Holy Ghost, but it is through Mary that He comes down to men. On The Day of Pentecost, according to an ancient Tradition, the Heavenly Fire, which descended on The Cenacle, first rested on Mary, and then on The Apostles. This is a figure of what happens every day in The Church, where The Holy Ghost is sent invisibly into our Souls.

"All the Gifts of The Holy Ghost are distributed by Mary to those whom she chooses, whenever she wishes and as much as she wishes", says Saint Bernadine of Siena.

The Graces, which The Holy Ghost pours down on us, are due to the Merits of Christ on Calvary; but in order that God may bestow them on the World, it is necessary that Mary should intervene. Having co-operated by her Divine Maternity and by her sufferings at The Foot of The Cross in The Incarnation and Redemption, she has deserved to co-operate when they are continually applied to creatures by The Most High,




"By The Communion of Sorrows and of Will, between Christ and Mary," says Pope Saint Pius X, "she has deserved to become the dispenser of all the Blessings which Jesus acquired for us by His Blood" (Encyclical, 2 February 1904).

Such is His Will, but it is essential that she should constantly intercede for each one of us. This, she does, relying on The Blood of Christ, by Whom she was herself saved, and Who alone saves us. This actual intervention of Mary plays a preponderating part in The Salvation of The World. It is important that we should realise this, and it is the object of The Feast of Mary Mediatrix of All Graces. A clear idea of the fact may be obtained by simply reading the Texts of The Mass and Vespers.

"Through The Virgin," says Saint Bernadine of Siena, "Life-Giving Graces flow from Christ, Who is the Head, into His Mystical Body"."Through her," adds Saint Antonius, "come from Heaven all The Graces granted to The World." "What all The Saints united to thee may obtain for us by their Intercession," writes Saint Anselm, "thy pleading, alone, may obtain without the help of their Prayers."




The Maternal Solicitude of Mary, for The Whole Human Race, is therefore continual, and it is because of this that, unceasingly, through The Mass, The Sacraments, the hierarchy and other channels of Grace, the Merits of Calvary are applied to our Souls. "We may affirm," declares Pope Leo XIII, "that, by The Will of God, nothing is given to us without Mary's Mediation, in such a way that, just as no-one can approach The Almighty Father but through His Son, so no-one, so to speak, can approach Christ but through His Mother." (Encyclical, 22 September 1891.)

Let us therefore not consider as of small importance  the efforts made to establish this point of Doctrine of Mary's Mediation, since this Doctrine enables us to understand The Divine Plan, and clearly manifests The Mediation of The Son of God, of which it is a corollary.





Available (in U.K.) from
CENACLE CATHOLIC BOOKS
Available (in U.S.A.) from
ST. BONAVENTURE PUBLICATIONS



Monday 30 May 2016

Pope Saint Felix I. Martyr. Feast Day 30 May.


Text from The Saint Andrew Daily Missal,
unless otherwise stated.

Saint Felix.
Pope and Martyr.
Feast Day 30 May.

Simple.

Red Vestments.




Pope Saint Felix I. (269 A.D. - 274 A.D.),
Fresco in The Sistine Chapel, Vatican.
Date: Unknown.
(Wikimedia Commons)



Pope Saint Felix I ascended, in 269 A.D., The Throne of Peter, to whom Jesus, before His Ascension, had committed The Church. He commanded Masses to be Celebrated over the tombs of Martyrs, and it is in remembrance of this prescription that the relics of Martyrs are placed in a small cavity of the Altar Stone, called "Tomb".

The Altar, nowadays, has indeed often the shape of a tomb, this being a relic of the "Confession" or underground tomb which is found under The High Altar in Roman Basilicas, and is reached by stairs.

The custom of uniting the remembrance of Martyrs to The Sacrifice of The Mass or of Calvary, shows that these Martyrs, having entered into the bosom of Jesus (Gospel), have found there the strength to confess their Faith before their enemies and the Grace of being children of The Father (Epistle).

Saint Felix bore witness to Christ in 274 A,D, under the persecution of Aurelian.

Mass: In Paschaltide. Protexisti. With Collects of Mass: Statuit.
Mass: Out of Paschaltide. Statuit.

Stunning !!!



"The Carpet Seller".
Artist: Rudolf Swoboda (1859-1914).
Saved from WordPress.com
Illustration: PINTEREST

School's Out !!!



School's Out !!!
Newly-Commissioned Navy Ensigns and Marine 2nd Lieutenants
from the U.S. Naval Academy Class of 2016, throw their Midshipmen Covers in the air
at the end of their Graduation and Commissioning Ceremony, 27 May 2016,
at the Navy-Marine Corp Memorial Stadium, Annapolis, Maryland.
Illustration: NAVY.MIL

Sunday 29 May 2016

Saint Mary Magdalen Dei Pazzi. Virgin. Feast Day, Today, 29 May.


Text from The Saint Andrew Daily Missal,
unless otherwise stated.

Saint Mary Magdalen dei Pazzi.
Virgin.
Feast Day 29 May.

Semi-Double.

White Vestments.




Saint Mary Magdalen dei Pazzi.
Date: 1878.
Source: Scanned by uploader from page 296 of
"Little Pictorial Lives Of The Saints", (Benzinger Brothers).
Author: Unknown.
(Wikimedia Commons)



Born at Florence, Italy, in 1566, of the illustrious Pazzi family, Saint Mary Magdalen dei Pazzi, at the age of ten, Consecrated her Virginity to Christ, Whom she chose as her Spouse (Epistle, Gospel, Communion). Wherefore, God loved her with a love of preference (Introit), and made her one of the Virgins who form His Court of Honour (Offertory).

She took The Carmelite Habit in 1584 and subjected herself to frightful mortifications. The Holy Ghost, Who, from Heaven, sent Jesus Risen Again to her, inflamed her with such love that she had to pour fresh water on her burning breast.

She would bitterly deplore that the infidels and sinners were in the way to perdition and offered to endure any torments for their salvation.

Her motto was: "Suffer and not die." She died in 1607 and her body, which she mortified in every way, has remained incorrupt to our day.

Mass: Dilexisti.




Vision of Saint Maria Magdalen dei Pazzi.
Artist: Pedro de Moya (1610–1674).
Date: Early-17th-Century.
Source/Photographer: Web Gallery of Art:
(Wikimedia Commons)



The following Text is from Wikipedia - the free encyclopaedia.

Mary Magdalene de' Pazzi, O.Carm. (Italian: Maria Maddalena de' Pazzi), 2 April 1566 – 25 May 1607, was an Italian Carmelite Nun and Mystic. She has been declared a Saint by The Roman Catholic Church.

In 1580, at age fourteen, Pazzi was sent by her father to be educated at a Monastery of Nuns of The Order of Malta, but she was soon recalled to wed a young nobleman. She advised her father of her vow, and he eventually relented and allowed her to enter Monastic Life. She chose The Carmelite Monastery of Saint Mary of The Angels, in Florence, Italy, because The Rule there allowed her to receive Holy Communion daily. In 1583, she was accepted as a Novice by that Community, and given the Religious Name of Sister Mary Magdalen.

Numerous Miracles allegedly followed Pazzi's death, and the process for her Beatification was begun in 1610 under Pope Paul V, and completed under Pope Urban VIII in 1626. She was not, however, Canonised until sixty-two years after her death, when Pope Clement X raised her to The Altars on 28 April 1669. The Church of The Monastery of Pažaislis, commissioned in 1662 in Lithuania, was one of the first to be Consecrated in her honour.

The Saint is little known outside Italy, but her cult is very strong, especially in Florence. Paulist Press issued a selection of her writings in English translation in their series of Classics of Western Spirituality.

Rievaulx Abbey.






Rievaulx Abbey,
Yorkshire, England.
Illustration: BUILDING PANORAMICS
(Used with permission)



"Caritas Abundat In Omnia"
(Love Abounds In All).
Composed by Hildegard von Bingen (1098-1179).
Performed by "Elfenthal".
Available on YouTube at

Saturday 28 May 2016

Ramsgate's First Blessing Of The Sea, On Monday, 30 May 2016. 1500 hrs.



Illustration: AUGUSTINE SHRINE


Come along to this first-ever
Blessing Of The Sea
– with the Mayors of Ramsgate, Margate,
and Broadstairs.

A wonderful opportunity to 
reinforce our links with the sea.

Assemble at The Obelisk, in Ramsgate Harbour,
next to The Victoria Pavilion, towards the sea from the bus stops. The service is expected to take about twenty minutes, and will have Hymns, Readings, and Prayers.

Part of St Augustine Week 2016: https://www.facebook.com/

#StAWeek

@AugustinePugin

Facebook.com/AugustinePugin

To All Our Priests . . . Thank You. "You Are A Priest, Forever."




Illustration: THINKING CATHOLICISM



"You Are A Priest, Forever".
Sung by Annie Karto.
Song and lyrics Annie Karto www.anniekarto.com
Video by Margie Sindelar www.videosforlife.org
Available on YouTube at


PSALM 109
(Dixit Dominus)
Christ's exhaltation and everlasting Priesthood.
A Psalm for David.

The Lord said to my Lord: Sit thou at my right hand:
Until I make thy enemies thy footstool.

The Lord will send forth the sceptre of thy power out of Sion:
rule thou in the midst of thy enemies.

With thee is the principality in the day of thy strength: in the brightness of the Saints:
from the womb before the day star I begot thee.

The Lord hath sworn, and he will not repent:
Thou art a Priest forever according to the order of Melchisedech.

The Lord at thy right hand hath broken kings in the day of his wrath.

He shall judge among nations. he shall fill ruins:
he shall crush the heads in the land of many.

He shall drink of the torrent in the way:
therefore shall he lift up the head.


Father David Reinhart, a new chaplain in the U.S. Air Force and a priest from the Diocese of Toledo, gives a soldier absolution after hearing his confession before Mass at Fort Jackson in Columbia on July 31. (Miscellany/Christina Lee Knauss)

Illustration: THE CATHOLIC MISCELLANY


You are a Priest Forever

Illustration: VOICE OF TRUTH

Friday 27 May 2016

Kirkstall Abbey.


Text from Wikipedia - the free encyclopaedia,
unless otherwise stated.




Kirkstall Abbey,
Yorkshire, England.
Photo: 30 March 2013.
Source: Own work.
Author: Minda.
(Wikimedia Commons)




The Nave,
Kirkstall Abbey,
Leeds, Yorkshire,
England.
Date: 1890s.
This File: 1 May 2006.
User: Jungpionier.
(Wikimedia Commons)


Kirkstall Abbey is a ruined Cistercian Monastery in Kirkstall, North-West of LeedsYorkshire. It is set in a public park on the North Bank of the River Aire. It was founded circa 1152. It was dis-established during the Dissolution of the Monasteries, under the auspices of Henry VIII.

The picturesque ruins have been drawn and painted by artists such as J.M.W. TurnerThomas Girtin and John Sell Cotman.

Kirkstall Abbey was acquired by Leeds Corporation, as a gift from Colonel North, and opened to the public in the Late-19th-Century. The gatehouse became a museum.



Roger de Lacy Coat of Arms.
Roger de Lacy (died after 1106) was an Anglo-Norman nobleman,
Marcher Lord on the Welsh border. Roger was a Castle builder, particularly at Ludlow Castle.
Description: Or, a lion rampant purpure.
Source: Own work.
Author: Dlkeller999
(Wikipedia)




Ludlow Castle,
which Roger de Lacy (see, above)
helped to build.
Photo: 29 May 2007.
Source: Ludlow Castle
Author: Sam Saunders
(Wikimedia Commons)


De Lacy (Laci, Lacie, Lascy, Lacey) is the surname of an old Norman noble family, which originated from Lassy, Calvados, France. The family took a major role in The Norman Conquest of England and the later Norman Invasion of Ireland. The name is first recorded for Hugh de Lacy (1020 – 1049). His sons, Walter and Ilbert, left Normandy and travelled to England with William the Conqueror, playing a major role in The Battle of Hastings.

The awards of land by The Conqueror, to the de Lacy sons, led to two distinct branches of the family: The Northern Branch, centred around Blackburnshire and Yorkshire, was held by Ilbert's descendants; The Southern Branch, of Marcher Lords, centred on Herefordshire and Shropshire, was held by Walter's descendants.

Until 1399, The Northern Branch of the family held the great Lordship of Bowland, before it passed through marriage to The Duchy of Lancaster, as well as being Barons of Pontefract and, later, Earls of Lincoln.

The Southern Branch of the family became substantial landholders in The Lordship of Ireland, and was linked to The Scottish Royal Family; Elizabeth de Burgh, whose great grandfather was Walter de Lacy, married Robert the Bruce, King of Scotland.



Kirkstall Abbey,
Leeds, Yorkshire.
Photo: 30 April 2006.
Source: Own work.
Author: Jungpionier.
(Wikimedia Commons)


Henry de Lacy (1070 – 1123), Lord of the Manor of Pontefract, 2nd Lord of Bowland, promised to dedicate an Abbey to The Virgin Mary, should he survive a serious illness. He recovered and agreed to give the Abbot of Fountains Abbey land at Barnoldswick in The West Riding of Yorkshire (now in Lancashire), on which to found a Daughter Abbey.

Abbot Alexander, with twelve Cistercian Monks from Fountains Abbey [Editor: Near Rievaulx Abbey], went to Barnoldswick and, after demolishing the existing Church, attempted to build the Abbey on Henry de Lacy's land. They stayed for six years, but found the place inhospitable. Abbot Alexander set about finding a more suitable place for the Abbey and came across a site in the heavily-wooded Aire Valley, occupied by Hermits.

Alexander sought help from de Lacy, who was sympathetic and helped acquire the land from William de Poitou. The Monks moved from Barnoldswick to Kirkstall, displacing the Hermits, some of whom joined the Abbey, the rest being paid to move. The buildings were mostly completed between 1152, when the Monks arrived in Kirkstall, and the end of Alexander's Abbacy in 1182. Millstone Grit for building came from Bramley Fall on the opposite side of the river.



Kirkstall Abbey.
Photo: 20 July 2010.
Source: Own work.
Author: Tony Grist.
(Wikimedia Commons)

The English Cistercian houses, of which there are ruins at FountainsRievaulx, Kirkstall, Tintern and Netley, were mainly arranged after the same plan, with slight local variations.

The Church is of the Cistercian type, with a short Chancel and Transepts, with three Eastward Chapels to each, divided by solid walls. The building is plain, the windows are not ornamented, and the Nave has no Triforium. The Cloister, to the South, occupies the whole length of the Nave. On the East side, stands the Two-Aisled Chapter-House, between which and The South Transept is a small Sacristy, and, on the other side, two small apartments, one of which was probably the Parlour. Beyond this, is the Calefactory, or day-room, of the Monks. Above this whole range of building, runs the Monks' Dormitory, opening by Stairs into The South Transept of the Church.

On the South Side of the Cloister, there are the remains of the old Refectory, running, as in Benedictine Houses, from East to West, and the new Refectory, which, with the increase of the inmates of the house, superseded it, stretching, as is usual in Cistercian houses, from North to South. Adjacent to this Apartment are the remains of the Kitchen, Pantry and Buttery. The Arches of the Lavatory are to be seen near the Refectory entrance. The Western Side of the Cloister is occupied by Vaulted Cellars, supporting, on the Upper Storey, the Dormitory of the Lay Brothers.



Kirkstall Abbey, Yorkshire.
Artist: Charles Alban Buckler.
Date: 1850.
Current location: British Library.
Source/Photographer: [1].
This File: 9 May 2011.
(Wikimedia Commons)


Extending from the South-East angle of the main group of buildings, are the walls and foundations of a secondary group of buildings. These have been identified as the hospitium, or The Abbot's House, but they occupy the position in which the Infirmary is more usually found. The Hall was a very spacious Apartment, measuring 83 ft. in length by 48 ft. 9 inches in breadth, which was divided by two rows of Columns. The fish-ponds lay between the Monastery and the River, to the South. The Abbey Mill was situated about 80 yards to the North-West. The Mill Pool may be distinctly traced, together with the Goit or Mill Stream.

On 22 November 1539, the Abbey was surrendered to Henry VIII's Commissioners in The Dissolution of The Monasteries. It was awarded to Thomas Cranmer, in 1542, but reverted to The Crown when Cranmer was executed, in 1556. Sir Robert Savile purchased the estate in 1584, and it remained in his family's hands for almost a hundred years. In 1671, it passed into the hands of The Brudenell family, The Earls of Cardigan. Much of the stone was removed for re-use in other buildings in the area, including the steps leading to Leeds Bridge.

During the 18th-Century, the picturesque ruins attracted artists of The Romantic Movement and were painted by artists including J. M. W. Turner, John Sell Cotman and Thomas Girtin. In 1889, the Abbey was sold to Colonel John North, who presented it to Leeds City Council. The Council undertook a major restoration project and the Abbey was opened to the public in 1895.



Kirkstall Abbey.
Photo: 23 August 2007.
Source: Own work.
Author: JohnArmagh.
(Wikimedia Commons)




Kirkstall Abbey,
Photo: 30 April 2006.
Source: Own work.
Author: Jungpionier.
(Wikimedia Commons)


The Abbey is a Grade I Listed Building and Scheduled Ancient Monument. After a £5.5 million renovation programme, there is a new Visitor Centre, with interactive exhibits, which illustrates the history of the Abbey and the lives of the Monks. Entry to the Abbey is via the Visitor Centre - free of charge, but with a donation box. Occasionally, guided tours are available (free of charge).

The Leeds Shakespeare Festival, performed by the British Shakespeare Company, took place annually in the Cloisters, from 1995 until 2009. The Abbey grounds are a public park, and are used for occasional events, such as the annual Kirkstall Festival and the Kirkstall Fantasia open-air concerts.

On the other side of the main road, the grade II* Listed former Abbey Gatehouse now forms the Abbey House Museum.



Kirkstall Abbey.
Image courtesy of Leeds City Council.
Copyright notice states:"You are free to use imagery as you wish,
with no royalty payments or lengthy registration process.
Our aim is to promote Leeds and encourage the use
of quality, up-to-date, images of the City."
This File: 23 May 2006.
User: GeeJo.
(Wikimedia Commons)




Kirkstall Abbey.
Photo: 30 April 2006.
Source: Own work.
Author: Jungpionier.
(Wikimedia Commons)

Rievaulx Abbey. Caritas Abundat In Omnia.



Rievaulx Abbey,
Yorkshire, England.
Date: 2011.
Author: Antony McCallum.
Attribution: WyrdLight.com
(Wikimedia Commons)



"Caritas Abundat In Omnia".
Written by Hildegard von Bingen.
Performed by
Elfenthal.
Available on YouTube at



Rievaulx Abbey,
Yorkshire, England.
Photo: 28 July 2006.
Source: Own work.
Author: Tilman2007.
(Wikimedia Commons)



Rievaulx Abbey,
Yorkshire, England,
Photo: 13 April 2014.
Source: Own work.
Author: Juliet220.
(Wikimedia Commons)



Rievaulx Abbey,
Yorkshire, England.
Photo: 15 October 2009.
Source: From geograph.org.uk.
Author: Simon Palmer.
(Wikimedia Commons)

Thursday 26 May 2016

Saint Augustine Week. Saint Augustine Shrine, Ramsgate, Kent. 27 May 2016 - 4 June 2016.


Image result for ST AUGUSTINE SHRINE, RAMSGATE

Saint Augustine's Shrine,
Ramsgate, Kent.
Illustration: SAINT AUGUSTINE SHRINE



Illustration: SAINT AUGUSTINE SHRINE


SAINT AUGUSTINE WEEK 2016.

Highlights this year include:

BLESSING OF THE SEA.
30 May 2016.
(Bank Holiday Monday).
3 p.m.

Image result for ST AUGUSTINE SHRINE, RAMSGATE

FIRST EVER
complete Translation of the Mediaeval Life of Saint Augustine.
31 May 2016.
7 p.m.

Image result for ST AUGUSTINE SHRINE, RAMSGATE

AUGUSTINE LECTURE,
by Dr Andrew Richardson.
1 June 2016.
7.30 p.m.

Image result for ST AUGUSTINE SHRINE, RAMSGATE

AUGUSTINE SERMON,
by Fr Timothy Finigan.
4 June 2016.
3.30 p.m.




Image result for ST AUGUSTINE SHRINE, RAMSGATE

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