Notre Dame de Rouen. The façade of the Gothic Church in France. Photographer: Hippo1947. Licence: SHUTTERSTOCK.

01 April, 2026

“Spy Wednesday”: The Hymn Of Kassiani.



Hymn of Kassiani.
Bulgarian Chant.
Arrangement by Fr. Stefan Meholick.
Women of the Choir of Saint Tikhon’s Monastery.
Holy Week 2014.
Conductor: Benedict Sheehan.
Available on YouTube

There is a fascinating Article, on this subject, by Gregory DiPippo, at NEW LITURGICAL MOVEMENT

Wells Cathedral (Part Twenty-Three).



The Great West Front,
Wells Cathedral.
Photo: 30 April 2014.
Source: Own work.
Attribution:
Photo by DAVID ILIFF.
Licence: CC BY-SA 3.0.
Author: Diliff
(Wikimedia Commons)


Text from Wikipedia - the free encyclopædia,
unless stated otherwise.

The Misericords survived better than the other sections of the Stalls, which during the Protestant Reformation had their Canopies chopped off and Galleries inserted above them.[128]

The subject matter of the carvings of the central brackets as Misericords varies, but many themes recur in different Churches. Typically, the themes are less unified or directly related to the Bible and Christian theology than small sculptures seen elsewhere within Churches, such as Bosses.

This applies at Wells, where none of the Misericord carvings is directly based on a Bible story.[129] The subjects, chosen either by the Woodcarver, or perhaps by the one paying for the Stall, have no over-riding theme.



Wells Cathedral by Drone.
Available on YouTube

The sole unifying elements are the Roundels on each side of the pictorial subject, which all show elaborately carved foliage, in most cases formal and stylised in the Later-Decorated manner, but with several examples of naturalistic foliage, including Roses and Bindweed.[128][129]

Many of the subjects carry Traditional interpretations. The image of the “Pelican in her Piety” (believed to feed her young on her own blood) is a recognised symbol for Christ’s love for the Church. A cat playing with a mouse may represent the Devil snaring a human Soul.[129]

Some of the Cathedral’s fittings and monuments are hundreds of years old. The round Font in the South Transept is from the former Saxon Cathedral and has an Arcade of Round-Headed Arches, on a round Plinth. The Font cover was made in 1635 and is decorated with the heads of Putti.

The Chapel of Saint Martin is a Memorial to every Somerset man who fell in World War I.[132] The Bishop’s Throne dates from 1340, and has a panelled, canted front and Stone Doorway, and a deep, nodding, cusped, Ogee Canopy above it, with three-stepped Statue Niches and Pinnacles.


There is a bound Oak Chest from the 14th-Century, which was used to store the Chapter Seal and key documents. 

Opposite the throne, is a 19th-Century Octagonal Pulpit on a coved base with panelled sides, and steps up from the North Aisle.

In the North Transept is Wells Cathedral Clock, an Astronomical Clock from about 1325, believed to be by Peter Lightfoot, a Monk of Glastonbury.[134] Its mechanism, dated between 1386 and 1392, was replaced in the 19th-Century and the original moved to the Science Museum in London, where it still operates. 

It is the second-oldest surviving Clock in England after the Salisbury Cathedral Clock.[135]

PART TWENTY-FOUR FOLLOWS.

“London Pride”. Noël Coward.



“London Pride”.
Sung by: Noël Coward
Available on YouTube



English: “London Pride” (Saxifraga x urbium).
Nederlands: Fragiele bloemetjes van Saxifraga x urbium.
Photo: 6 June 2913,
Source: Own work.
(Wikimedia Commons)



Text from Wikipedia, the free encyclopædia,
unless stated otherwise.

“London Pride” is a patriotic song, written and composed by Noël Coward during The Blitz in World War II.

According to his own account, he was sitting on a seat on a platform in Paddington Railway Station, watching Londoners going about their business, quite unfazed by the broken glass scattered around from the station’s roof damaged by the previous night’s bombing.



In a moment of patriotic pride, he said that suddenly he recalled an old English folk song which had been apparently appropriated by the Germans for their national anthem, and it occurred to him that he could reclaim the melody in a new song.[1]

The song started in his head there and then and was finished in a few days. In fact, the tune of the German national anthem was composed by Joseph Haydn in 1797 in a different context.

The song has six verses. The opening lines, repeated three times within the song, are:[2]



“London Pride has been handed down to us,
London Pride is a flower that’s free.
London Pride means our own dear Town to us,
And our pride it forever will be . . . ”

The flower mentioned is Saxifraga × urbium, a perennial garden flowering plant historically known as London Pride,[3] which was said to have rapidly colonised the bombed sites of The Blitz.

The song was intended to raise Londoners’ spirits during that time, and was also circulated after the July 2005 bombings.

The Raccolta. The Precious Blood Of Jesus.



Illustration: PINTEREST

The following two paragraphs are from Wikipedia - the free encyclopædia, unless stated otherwise.

The Raccolta (literally, "collection" in Italian), is a book, published in many editions from 1807 to 1952, that collected the texts of Roman Catholic Prayers and briefly described other acts of piety, such as visiting and Praying in particular Churches, for which specific Indulgences were granted by Popes.

In 1968, it was replaced by a considerably altered edition, the Enchiridion Indulgentiarum, listing fewer specific Prayers but including new general grants that apply to a wide range of prayerful actions.


The following Text is from LITURGIA LATINA

The Raccolta: Collection of Indulgenced Prayers.
   
With the Appendix of Indulgences granted by His Holiness Blessed Pope Piux IX from 1856 to 1866.

Translated by Ambrose Saint John, Oratory of Saint Philip Neri, Birmingham, England.


THE PRECIOUS BLOOD OF JESUS.

35. CHAPLET.

Pope Pius VII, in order to inflame the hearts of the Faithful with devotion to The Precious Blood of Jesus Christ, wherewith we were redeemed, granted by two Rescripts, one of 31 May 1809, kept in the acts of the Congregation of Rites, the other of 18 October 1815, in the Archivium of the Archconfraternity of The Precious Blood, erected at Saint Nicholas in Carcere, Rome:

i. An Indulgence of seven years and seven quarantines, once a day, to all who shall say with devotion the Chaplet in honour of The Precious Blood of Jesus Christ.

ii. A Plenary Indulgence, once a month, to all who, having said it every day for a month, shall Confess and Communicate, and Pray for the Holy Church, etc.

iii. Three hundred days’ indulgence, daily, to all who say the Prayer: "Most Precious Blood, etc," for which see below.


This Chaplet is composed of seven Mysteries, in which we meditate upon the seven times in which Jesus Christ, for love of us, shed Blood from His most innocent Body:

At each Mystery, except the last, we are to say five Pater Nosters and one Gloria Patri; and, at the last, three Pater Nosters, only, and one Gloria Patri.

Thus, making up the number of thirty-three Pater Nosters in remembrance of the thirty-three years during which The Precious Blood of Jesus flowed in His veins, before it was poured out for our salvation.

The Chaplet ends with the devout Prayer: "Most Precious Blood, etc."


THE CHAPLET.

V. Deus in adjutorium meum intende.
R. Domine ad adiuvandum me festina.
V. Gloria Patri, etc.
R. Sicut erat, etc.

FIRST MYSTERY.

The first time our loving Saviour shed His Precious Blood, for its was on the eighth day after His birth, when He was circumcised in order to accomplish the law of Moses.

While, then, we reflect that Jesus did this to satisfy the justice of God for our dissolute lives, let us excite ourselves to true sorrow for them, and promise, with the help of his all-powerful grace, to be henceforth truly chaste in body and in Soul.

Five Pater Nosters and one Gloria Patri.

V. Te ergo quaesumus tuis famulis subveni, quos pretioso Sanguine redemisti.

We beseech Thee, therefore, help Thy servants, whom Thou hast redeemed with Thy Precious Blood.


SECOND MYSTERY.

Next, in The Garden of Olives, Jesus shed His Blood for us in such quantity that it bathed the earth around. This took place at the sight of the ingratitude with which men would meet His love. O, let us, then, repent sincerely because we have hitherto corresponded so ill with the innumerable benefits of our God, and resolve to make good use of His graces and holy inspirations.

Five Pater Nosters and one Gloria Patri.

V. Te ergo quaesumus, etc.


THIRD MYSTERY.

Next, in His cruel scourging, Jesus shed His Blood, when His flesh was so torn that rivers of Blood flowed from His body in every part, all of which He offered all the time to His Eternal Father in payment of our impatience and our delicacy.

How is it, then, we do not curb our anger and our self-love ? Henceforth we will indeed try our very best to bear our troubles well, and, despising ourselves, to take peacefully the injuries which men may do us.

Five Pater Nosters and one Gloria Patri.

V. Te ergo quaesumus, etc.



FOURTH MYSTERY.

Again, from the sacred Head of Jesus, Blood poured down when it was crowned with thorns, in punishment of our pride and evil thoughts. Shall we, then, continue to nurture haughtiness, foster foul imaginations, and feed the wayward will in our minds ?

Henceforth, let there be ever before our eyes our utter nothingness, our misery, and our weakness; and with generous hearts let us resist all the wicked suggestions of the devil.

Five Pater Nosters and one Gloria Patri.

V. Te ergo quaesumus, etc.


FIFTH MYSTERY.

But O ! how much of His Precious Blood did our loving Lord pour forth from His veins when laden with the heavy wood of The Cross.

He made His mournful way to Calvary, so that the streets and ways of Jerusalem, through which He passed, were watered with it ! This was done in satisfaction for the scandals and the bad examples by which His own creatures had led others astray on the way to ruin.

Who can tell how many of us are of this unhappy number ? Who knows how many he himself alone has by his own bad example brought down to Hell ?

And have we done anything to remedy this evil ? Let us henceforth at least endeavour all we can to save Souls by word and by example, making ourselves a pattern to all of good and holy life.

Five Pater Nosters and one Gloria Patri.

V. Te ergo quaesumus, etc.



SIXTH MYSTERY.

Still more copiously, the Redeemer of mankind shed Blood in His barbarous Crucifixion; when His veins being rent and arteries burst, there gushed forth in a torrent, from His hands and His feet, that saving balm of life eternal, to pay for all the crimes and enormities of the universe.

Who ever after this would continue in sin, and so renew the cruel Crucifixion of The Son of God ? Let us weep bitterly for our bad deeds, and let us detest them at the feet of the sacred minister of God; let us amend our evil ways, and henceforth begin a truly Christian life, with the thought ever in our hearts of all the Blood which our eternal salvation cost The Saviour of men.

Five Pater Nosters and one Gloria Patri.

V. Te ergo quaesumus, etc.


SEVENTH MYSTERY.

Last of all, after His death, when His sacred Side was opened by the lance and His loving Heart was wounded, Jesus shed Blood, and with the Blood there came forth water, to show us how the Blood was poured out to the last drop for our salvation.

O, the infinite goodness of our Redeemer ! Who will not love Thee, my Saviour ? What heart will not consume itself away for love of Thee, who hast done all this for our redemption ?

The tongue wants words to praise Thee: Let us, then, invite all creatures upon Earth, all Angels and all Saints in Paradise, and, most of all, our dear Mother Mary, to Bless, to Praise, and to Celebrate Thy Most Precious Blood.

Glory to The Blood of Jesus !

Glory to The Blood of Jesus now and ever throughout all ages.

Amen.


At this last Mystery, three Pater Nosters and one Gloria Patri are to be said, to make up the number of thirty-three.

V. Te ergo quaesumus, etc.

Then say the following

PRAYER.

Most Precious Blood of life eternal ! Price and ransom of the whole universe ! Drink and bath of the Soul ! Ever pleading the cause of man before the throne of heavenly Mercy.

I adore Thee most profoundly. I would, if I were able, make Thee some compensation for the outrages and wrongs Thou dost ever suffer from men, and especially from those who in their rashness dare to blaspheme Thee.

Who will not bless this Blood of value infinite ? Who does not feel himself inflamed with the love of Jesus, Who shed it all for us ?


What should I be but for this Blood, which hath redeemed me ? And who drew it out of the veins of my Lord, even unto the last drop ?

It was love, O, immense love, which gave to us this saving Balsam !

O, Balsam beyond all price, streaming forth from the Fount of immeasurable love ! Give to all hearts, all tongues, power to Praise, Celebrate, and thank Thee, now and ever, and throughout all eternity.

Amen.

V. Redemisti nos, Domine, in Sanguine tuo.

R. Et fecisti nos Deo nostro regnum.

Oremus.

Omnipotens sempiterne Deus, qui Unigenitum Filium tuum mundi Redemptorem constituisti, ac ejus Sanguine placari voluisti: concede nobis, quaesumus, salutis nostrae pretium ita venerari, atque praesentis vitae malis ejus virtute defendi in terris, ut fructu perpetuo laetemur in coelis.

Qui tecum vivit et regnat in unitate, etc.

Amen.


TRANSLATION.

V. Then hast redeemed us, O, Lord, with Thy Blood.

R. And hast made us a kingdom to our God.

Let us Pray.

Almighty and Everlasting God, who hast appointed Thine only-begotten Son The Saviour of the World, and hast willed to be appeased with His Blood; grant us, we beseech Thee, so to venerate this Blood, the price of our salvation, and so to be defended by its power upon Earth from the evils of this present life, that in Heaven we may enjoy its everlasting fruit.

Who liveth and reigneth with Thee in the Unity of The Holy Ghost, World without end.

Amen.

Wednesday In Holy Week (Spy Wednesday). Lenten Station At The Papal Basilica Of Saint Mary Major (Santa Maria Maggiore) (Sanctæ Mariæ Maioris) (Our Lady Of The Snows). Violet Vestments.



Peterborough Cathedral.
© Chel@SweetbriarDreams
www.sweetbriardreams.blogspot.co.uk




Our Lady of the Snows:
Beyond the Miracle.
Available on YouTube

Text from The Saint Andrew Daily Missal,
unless otherwise stated.

Wednesday in Holy Week.

Station at Saint Mary Major.

Indulgence of 10 Years and 10 Quarantines.

Privileged Feria.

Violet Vestments.


English: Papal Basilica of Saint Mary Major
(Our Lady of The Snows).
Italian: Basilica Papale di Santa Maria Maggiore.
Latin: Basilica Sanctæ Mariæ Maioris.
Photo: December 2005.
Source: Own work.
Author: Lalupa
(Wikimedia Commons)





The Basilica of Saint Mary Major
(Santa Maria Maggiore)
(Our Lady of The Snows).
Photo: March 2006.
Source: Own work.
Author: Sixtus
(Wikimedia Commons)


“Roman Pilgrimage:
The Lenten Station Churches”.
Available on YouTube


“Lenten Stations Pilgrimage in Rome”.
Available on YouTube




From today, the Stational Celebrations of Holy Week are held in Rome at the Great Basilicas. That of Wednesday is held at Saint Mary Major, the largest and most celebrated Sanctuary dedicated to The Blessed Virgin, whose sufferings The Church commiserates during these days.

The first Passage, from the Prophet Isaias, bears on The Passion. The Blood that dyes The Saviour’s garments is His Own Most Precious Blood. Instead of crushing the people in His indignation, He suffers and dies for them.


English: Basilica of Santa Maria Maggiore
(Our Lady of The Snows).
Français: Basilique Sainte-Marie-Majeure.
Photo: September 2010.
Source: Own work.
Author: Tango7174
(Wikimedia Commons)




The second Passage foretells the principal features of The Passion, with such remarkable precision, that The Fathers of The Church speak of Isaias as The Fifth Evangelist:

It is “The Man of Sorrows”, Who “was led as a sheep to the slaughter and was dumb”;

“He was covered with wounds and reputed with the wicked”;

“He was bruised for our sins”;

“Cut off out of the land of the living, He had the ungodly to guard His sepulchre and the rich to bury Him after His death”;

“And, by His bruises, we are healed”.

Justifying to the full His Title of Saviour, “He became Obedient Unto Death, even to The Death of The Cross” (Introit), as we are shown it today in the Gospel according to Saint Luke.


The Borghese Chapel,
Basilica of Saint Mary Major
(Our Lady of The Snows).
Illustration: TRIP ADVISOR


English: The Borghese Chapel,
Basilica of Saint Mary Major
(Our Lady of The Snows).
Português: Capela Borghese,
Photo: 2005.
Source: Own work.
Author: Ricardo André Frantz
(Wikimedia Commons)





Basilica of Santa Maria Maggiore
(Our Lady of The Snows).
Entrance to the Borghese Chapel.
Photo: November 2007.
Source: Own work.
Author: Warburg
(Wikimedia Commons)




Catechumens and Christian Penitents, alike, “we were, in truth, like sheep that had gone astray, each one having turned aside into his own way”, and Jesus, “having the iniquity of us all laid on Him, has received in return a multitude of disciples” (Second Lesson). During the Easter Festivities, the Souls of men will become reconciled to God in the Sacraments of Baptism and Penance.

Renewing at Mass the Mysteries of The Passion of Our Lord, let us Pray “to be delivered by His merits from the power of the enemy and to obtain the grace of His Resurrection” (First and Second Collects, and Secret).

Mass: In nómine Jesu.
Preface: Of The Holy Cross.



English: The Coffered Ceiling of Saint Mary Major
(Our Lady of The Snows).
Magyar: A főhajó aranyozott kazettás mennyezete.
Date: 2008-08-27 (original upload date).
Source: Transferred from hu.wikipedia to Commons by User:Gothika using CommonsHelper
Author: Original uploader was Kit36a at hu.wikipedia
(Wikimedia Commons)




The following Text is from Wikipedia - the free encyclopædia.

The Papal Basilica of Saint Mary Major (Italian: Basilica Papale di Santa Maria Maggiore, Latin: Basilica Sanctæ Mariæ Maioris), or Church of Santa Maria Maggiore, is the largest Catholic Marian Church in Rome.

Other Churches in Rome, dedicated to Mary, include Santa Maria-in-TrastevereSanta Maria-in-Aracœli, and Santa Maria sopra Minerva, but the greater size of the Basilica of Saint Mary Major justifies the adjective (Papal Basilica) by which it is distinguished from the other twenty-five Churches.

According to the 1929 Lateran Treaty, the Basilica, located in Italian territory, is owned by The Holy See and enjoys Extra-Territorial Status, similar to that of foreign embassies. The building is patrolled Internally by Police Agents of Vatican City State, not by Italian Police.

The Church may still sometimes be referred to as “Our Lady of The Snows”, a name given to it in the Roman Missal, from 1568 to 1969, in connection with the Liturgical Feast of The Anniversary of its Dedication on 5 August, a Feast that was then denominated “Dedicatio Sanctæ Mariæ ad Nives” (Dedication of Saint Mary of The Snows).

This name for the Basilica had become popular in the 14th-Century, in connection with a legend that the 1911 Catholic Encyclopedia reports thus: “During the Pontificate of Liberius, the Roman Patrician, John, and his wife, who were without heirs, made a vow to donate their possessions to The Virgin Mary. They Prayed that she might make known to them how they were to dispose of their property in her honour”.


English: Decorated murals.
Basilica of Saint Mary Major
(Our Lady of The Snows).
Magyar: Santa Maria Maggiore, Róma.
A főbejárat feletti belső faldíszítés.
Date: 2008-08-27 (original upload date).
Taken on 2005.04.22.
Source: Transferred from hu.wikipedia
to Commons by User:Gothika using CommonsHelper
Author: Original uploader was Kit36a at hu.wikipedia
(Wikimedia Commons)




On 5 August, at the height of the Roman Summer, snow fell during the night on the summit of the Esquiline Hill. In obedience to a vision of The Virgin Mary, which they had the same night, the couple built a Basilica in honour of Mary on the very spot which was covered with snow.

The legend is first reported only after the year 1000. It may be implied, in what the Liber Pontificalis of the Early-13th-Century says of Pope Liberius: “He built the Basilica of his own name (i.e. the Liberian Basilica) near the Macellum of Livia”. Its prevalence in the 15th-Century is shown in the painting of the Miracle of The Snow by Masolino da Panicale.

The Feast was originally called “Dedicatio Sanctæ Mariæ” (Dedication of Saint Mary’s), and was Celebrated only in Rome, until inserted, for the first time, into the General Roman Calendar, with “ad Nives” added to its name, in 1568.

A Congregation, appointed by Pope Benedict XIV in 1741, proposed that the reading of the legend be struck from the Office and that the Feast be given its original name. 

No action was taken on the proposal until 1969, when the reading of the legend was removed and the Feast was called “In dedicatione Basilicæ S. Mariæ (Dedication of the Basilica of Saint Mary)”. 

The legend is still Commemorated by dropping White Rose Petals from the Dome, during the Celebration of the Mass and Second Vespers of the Feast.


English: Basilica of Saint Mary Major
(Our Lady of The Snows).
Português: Capela lateral e parte da nave,
Date: 2005.
Source: Taken by Ricardo André Frantz.
Author: Ricardo André Frantz (User:Tetraktys)
(Wikimedia Commons)




The earliest building on the site was the Liberian Basilica, or Santa Maria Liberiana, after Pope Liberius (352 A.D. - 366 A.D.). This name may have originated from the same legend, which recounts that, like John and his wife, Pope Liberius was told in a dream of the forthcoming Summer snowfall, went in Procession to where it did occur and there marked out the area on which the Church was to be built. “Liberiana” is still included in some versions of the Basilica’s formal name, and “Liberian Basilica” may be used as a contemporary, as well as historical, name.

No Catholic Church can be honoured with the Title of Basilica unless by Apostolic Grant or from Immemorial Custom. Saint Mary Major is one of the only four Basilicas that today hold the Title of Major Basilica. The other three are Saint John LateranSaint Peter, and Saint Paul-without-the-Walls. (The Title of Major Basilica was once used more widely, being attached, for instance, to the Basilica of Saint Mary of the Angels, in Assisi.) All the other Catholic Churches that, either by Grant of the Pope or by Immemorial Custom, hold the Title of Basilica, are Minor Basilicas.

Until 2006, the four Major Basilicas, together with the Basilica of Saint Laurence-without-the-Walls, were referred to as the five “Patriarchal Basilicas” of Rome, associated with the five ancient Patriarchal Sees of Christendom (see Pentarchy). 

Saint Mary Major was associated with The Patriarchate of Antioch. In the same year, the Title of “Patriarchal” was also removed from the Basilica of Saint Francis, in Assisi.


English: Basilica of Saint Mary Major
(Our Lady of The Snows).
Deutsch: Santa Maria Maggiore Rom.
Kuppel eines Seitenaltars.
Photo: February 2008.
Source: Own work.
(Wikimedia Commons)




The former five Patriarchal Basilicas, with the Basilica of The Holy Cross in Jerusalem and San Sebastiano fuori le mura, formed the Traditional Seven Pilgrim Churches of Rome, which are visited by Pilgrims during their Pilgrimage to Rome, following a twenty-kilometres (twelve miles) itinerary, established by Saint Philip Neri on 25 February 1552, especially when seeking the Plenary Indulgence on Holy Years.

For the Great Jubilee of 2000, Pope John Paul II replaced Saint Sebastian’s Church with the Shrine of Our Lady of Divine Love.

It is agreed that the present Church (Santa Maria Maggiore) was built during the Reign of Pope Sixtus III (432 A.D. - 440 A.D.). 

The dedicatory Inscription on the Triumphal Arch, “Sixtus Episcopus plebi Dei” (Sixtus the Bishop to the people of God) is an indication of that Pope’s role in the construction. 

As well as this Church on the summit of the Esquiline Hill, Pope Sixtus III is said to have commissioned extensive building projects throughout the City, which were continued by his successor, Pope Leo I (The Great).

Church Building in Rome in this period, as exemplified in Saint Mary Major, was inspired by the idea of Rome being not just the centre of the World of the Roman Empire, as it was seen in the Classical Period, but the centre of the Christian World.


(Our Lady of The Snows).
Česky: Vnitřní prostory Baziliky
Photo: April 2011.
Source: Own work.
Author: Karelj
(Wikimedia Commons)




Santa Maria Maggiore, one of the first Churches built in honour of The Virgin Mary, was erected in the immediate aftermath of the Council of Ephesus of 431 A.D., which proclaimed Mary, Mother of God. Pope Sixtus III built it to Commemorate this decision.

When the Popes returned to Rome after the period of the Avignon Papacy, the buildings of the Basilica became a temporary Palace of the Popes, due to the deteriorated state of the Lateran Palace

The Papal Residence was later moved to the Palace of the Vatican, in what is now Vatican City.

The Basilica was restored, re-decorated and extended by various Popes, including Eugene III (1145–1153), Nicholas IV (1288–1292), Clement X (1670–1676), and Benedict XIV (1740–1758), who, in the 1740s, commissioned Ferdinando Fuga to build the present façade and to modify the Interior.

The Interior of Santa Maria Maggiore underwent a broad renovation, encompassing all of its Altars, between 1575 and 1630.

The original architecture of Santa Maria Maggiore was Classical, and Traditionally Roman, perhaps to convey the idea that Santa Maria Maggiore represented Old Imperial Rome, as well as its Christian future.



Our Lady Of The Atonement Cathedral,
Baguio, Philippines.
Photo: 29 March 2024.
Source: Own work.
This File is made available under the
Author: Galaxiaria
(Wikimedia Commons)



Wells Cathedral.
Photo: August 2006.
Source: Own work.
This File is licensed under the
Author: Steinsky
(Wikimedia Commons)
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