“Gloria”.
Ambrosian Rite.
Harmonised by Peter Kwasniewski.
Available on YouTube
12 August, 2026
Cathedral And Metropolitan Church Of Saint Stephen And All Saints, Vienna, Austria. (Part Two).
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English:
Cathedral and Metropolitan Church of
Saint Stephen and All Saints, Vienna, Austria.
Deutsch:
Dom-und-Metropolitankirche zu
Sankt Stephan und allen Heiligen,
Wien, Österreich.
Photo: 8 October 2017.
Source: Own work.
This File is licensed under the
Share Alike 4.0 International licence.
Author: C.Stadler/Bwag
(Wikimedia Commons)
Text from Wikipedia - the free encyclopædia, unless stated otherwise.
Founded in 1137, following the Treaty of Mautern, the partially-constructed Romanesque Church was Solemnly Dedicated in 1147 to Saint Stephen, in the presence of Conrad III of Germany, King of the Romans in The Holy Roman Empire, Bishop Otto of Freising, and other German nobles who were about to embark on The Second Crusade.[2]
Although the first structure was completed in 1160,[3] major reconstruction and expansion lasted until 1511, and repair and restoration projects continue to the present day.
Although the first structure was completed in 1160,[3] major reconstruction and expansion lasted until 1511, and repair and restoration projects continue to the present day.
Dormer window in the mosaic-tiled roof,
Saint Stephen’s Cathedral (Stephansdom),
Vienna, Austria.
Photo: 19 December 2010.
Source Own work.
This File is licensed under the
4.0 International licence.
Author acediscovery
(Wikimedia Commons)
From 1230 to 1245, the initial Romanesque structure was extended Westward; the present-day West Wall and Romanesque Towers date from this period.
In 1258, a great fire destroyed much of the original building, and a larger replacement structure, also Romanesque in style and reusing the two Towers, was constructed over the ruins of the old Church and Consecrated on 23 April 1263.
The anniversary of the second Consecration is Commemorated each year by a rare ringing of the Pummerin Bell for three minutes in the evening.
In 1304, King Albert I ordered a Gothic Three-Nave-Choir to be constructed East of the Church, wide enough to meet the tips of the old Transepts.
In 1304, King Albert I ordered a Gothic Three-Nave-Choir to be constructed East of the Church, wide enough to meet the tips of the old Transepts.
Under his son Duke Albert II, work continued on the Albertine Choir, which was Consecrated in 1340 on the seventy-seventh anniversary of the previous Consecration.
The Middle Nave is largely dedicated to Saint Stephen and All Saints, while the North Nave and South Nave, are dedicated to Saint Mary and The Apostles, respectively.
English: Tomb of Emperor Frederick III,
Vienna Cathedral.
Deutsch: Das Grabmal Kaiser Friedrichs III. im Chor (Apostelchor) des rechten Seitenschiffes des Stephansdoms
in der österreichischen Bundeshauptstadt Wien.
Photo: 26 February 2017.
Source: Own work.
Accreditation:
© C.Stadler/Bwag; CC-BY-SA-4.0
Author: C.Stadler/Bwag
(Wikimedia Commons)
PART THREE FOLLOWS.
Saint Clare. Virgin. Feast Day 12 August. White Vestments.
unless stated otherwise.
Saint Clare.
Virgin.
Feast Day 12 August.
Double.
White Vestments.
English: Saint Clare and Sisters of her Order,
San Damiano, Assisi, Italy.
Dansk: Den hellige Clara med ordenssøstre,
San Damiano, Assisi, Italy.
Photo: June 2007.
Source: Own work.
Author: Gunnar Bach Pedersen
(Wikimedia Commons)
As God had raised at the side of Saint Benedict his sister, Saint Scholastica, so He placed by Saint Francis of Assisi, Saint Clare, whom he made Superioress of The Second Order, Founded by him.
[Saint Francis Founded three Orders:
The Franciscans, or First Order;
The Poor Clares, or Second Order;
and, lastly, for The Laity, his Third Order.
The Second Order numbered, in 1935, 13,600 Members. It gave to The Church five Saints and seventeen Beatified.]
Saint Clare of Assist.
Available on YouTube at
Saint Clare was born at Assisi, at the end of the 12th-Century. On a visit to The Patriarch Saint Francis, she expressed to him her desire of becoming The Spouse of Christ (Epistle). As he had not yet instituted Nuns of his Order, he sent the young Virgin to The Benedictine Nuns of Saint Paul, and, later on, to The Benedictine Monastery of Saint Angelo de Panso, in the neighbourhood of Assisi.
Her sister, Agnes, having joined her, Saint Francis placed them in a small house adjacent to the Church of Saint Damian. Very soon, their mother and many other persons joined them. Their Rule entailed austerities unknown until then in Monasteries for women.
They walked bare-footed, slept on the ground, observed perpetual abstinence, and made poverty the basis of their lives, so that, by detachment, they might give themselves more to God.
The extraordinary devotion of Saint Clare to The Blessed Sacrament, was rewarded by a Miracle. On the day when the Saracens, who were besieging Assist, tried to enter the Convent of Saint Damian, she held up The Ciborium and put them to flight.
On 11 August 1253, she was visited by a Choir of Virgins, in White Robes, among whom was one who surpassed in beauty all the others (Offertory), and she went to meet her Spouse (Communion).
Two years later, she was Canonised by Pope Alexander IV.
Mass: Dilexísti.
Time After Pentecost (Part One). Historical Note.
All Illustrations: Zephyrinus,
unless stated otherwise.
Text from The Saint Andrew Daily Missal,
unless stated otherwise.
From the day of Pentecost, when her birth took place, The Church, down the ages, has reproduced the whole life of Christ Whose Mystical Body she is.
Our Lord, in His earliest infancy, was the object of persecution and had to flee into Egypt during the massacre of The Holy Innocents, and, in the same way, The Church, in the first years of her life, underwent the most violent persecutions, being often obliged to hide in the Catacombs or in the desert.
Again, as a growing boy, Jesus lived in retirement at Nazareth, where He passed the greater part of His life in recollection and Prayer. Similarly, The Church, from the time of Constantine, enjoyed an era of peace.
On all sides rose Cathedrals and Abbeys, resounding with the praises of God. Bishops, Abbots, Priests, and Religious, checked the assault of Heresy by dilegent study and untiring zeal.
Once more, Christ, The Divine Missionary, sent by The Father to the far off regions of this Earth, began His public ministry when He was thirty years old.
The Church, from the 16th-Century, has had to resist the attack of the neo-paganism, by spreading the Gospel in the newly-discovered parts of the globe, while she gives birth unceasingly, to new forces and boundless legions of apostles and missionaries, who proclaim The Good News throughout the World.
English: Saint Lawrence Chapel, Choir Stalls,
Basilica of Saint Paul-outside-the-Walls, Rome.
Français : Basilique Saint-Paul-hors-les-Murs, Vatican,
située à Rome, Latium, Italie. Chapelle de Saint-Laurent.
Photo: 18 September 2010.
Source: Own work.
Author: Tango7174
(Wikimedia Commons)
Finally, as Our Lord finished His life by the sacrifice of The Calvary, soon to be followed by the triumph of His resurrection, so The Church, at the end of time, will seem to be conquered like her Divine Head upon The Cross, while yet it is she to whom the victory will belong.
“The Body of Christ, which is The Church”, says Saint Augustine, “like the human body, was at first young, but, at the end of the World, will have an appearance of decline”. [Editor: Explanations of Psalm xxvi.]
The Feasts of The Saints are expecially numerous in The Time After Pentecost, which is the longest of The Church’s seasons [Editor: It may extend from 10 May to 3 December], and which is also, in a special sense, The Cycle of The Saints.
Mention will be made here of The Feasts of all The Saints in the Calendar. Those marked with an asterisk are in The First List in The Canon of The Mass and those with two asterisks are in The Second List.
After calling to our minds **Saint John the Baptist, whose birth and martyrdom are commemorated on 24 June and 29 August, respectively, and **Saint Stephen, The First Martyr, 26 December; The Holy Innocents, 28 December, The Church, by keeping The Feasts of The Apostles, makes The Apostolic Age live again, year by year:
*Saint Peter, 29 June.
*Saint Peter, 29 June.
*Saint Paul, 29 June and 30 June.
*Saint Andrew, 30 November.
*Saint James the Great, 25 July.
*Saint John the Evangelist, 27 December.
*Saint Thomas, 21 December.
*Saint James the Less, 1 May.
*Saint Philip, 1 May.
*Saint Bartholomew, 24 August.
*Saint Matthew, 21 September.
*Saint Simon, 28 October.
*Saint Thaddeus (or Saint Jude), 28 October.
Next, The Feasts of those Saints whom The Holy Ghost, Himself, chose by lot, one to fill the place of Judas and the other to share in Saint Paul’s work:
**Saint Matthias, 24 February.
**Saint Barnabas, 11 June.
Part Two Follows.
11 August, 2026
Saint Tiburtius And Saint Susanna. Martyrs. Feast Day, Today, 11 August. Red Vestments.
unless stated otherwise.
Saint Tiburtius And Saint Susanna.
Martyrs.
Feast Day 11 August.
Simple.
Red Vestments.
English: The Martyrdom of Saint Tiburtius.
Altarpiece in the Church of Saint Veit,
Straubing, Bavaria, Germany.
Deutsch: Cosmas Damian Asam:
Das Martyrium von Tiburtius,
Altarbild in der Kirche St.Veit in Straubing, 1703.
Polski: Męczeństwo św. Tyburcjusza z Rzymu
Date: 1703.
Source: Ökumenisches Heiligenlexikon
Author: Cosmas Damian Asam (1686-1739).
(Wikimedia Commons)
On the same day, Saint Susanna, a maiden of high birth, who, on account of her vow of Virginity, had refused to marry Galerius Maximus, son of The Emperor Diocletian, was beheaded in her house about 295 A.D.
Her body is preserved with that of her father, Saint Gabinus, and that of Saint Felicitas, mother of The Seven Martyrs, honoured on 10 July, in the Church of Saint Susanna, where The Station is held on The Saturday of The Third Week in Lent.
Mass: Salus autem.
Cassocks. Cottas. Surplices. Amaranth Red. Simar. Rochet. Zimarra. Greca. Douillette. Manto. Watered Silk. Mozzetta. Pellegrina. Soutane. Sarum Cassock. “Vestis Talaris”. “Cassock” Means “Long Coat”. “Cotta” Means “Cut Off”.
English: Pope Benedict XVI in White Cassock
(sometimes, though unofficially, called a Simar)
with Pellegrina and Fringed-White Fascia.
Português: Papa Bento XVI visita a “Fazenda Esperança”,
local de recuperação de dependentes químicos localizado
na zona rural de Guaratinguetá, São Paulo, Brasil.
Photo: 12 May 2007.
Source: Agência Brasil.
Author: Valter Campanato/ABr.
(Wikimedia Commons)
Text and Illustrations from Wikipedia - the free encyclopædia,
unless otherwise stated.
The Cassock, or Soutane, is an item of Christian Clerical Clothing used by the Clergy of Roman Catholic, Eastern Orthodox, Anglican and Reformed Churches, among others. “Ankle-Length Garment” is the literal meaning of the corresponding Latin term “Vestis Talaris”. It is related to Habit, traditionally worn by Nuns, Monks, and Friars.
The Cassock derives historically from the Tunic, that in Ancient Rome was worn underneath the Toga, and the
Chiton, that was worn beneath the Himation, in Ancient Greece. In Religious Services, it has traditionally been worn underneath Vestments, such as the Alb.
In The West, the Cassock is little used today [Editor: Who says so ?], except for Religious Services; but, in many Countries, it was the normal every day wear of The Clergy until the second half of the 20th-Century, when it was replaced even in those Countries by a conventional Suit, distinguished from Lay Dress by being generally Black and by incorporating a Clerical Collar.
The word “Cassock” comes from Middle French “Casaque”, meaning a Long Coat. In turn, the Old French word may come ultimately from Turkish "Quzzak" (Nomad, Adventurer – the source of the word "Cossack"), an allusion to their typical Riding Coat, or from Persian کژاغند "kazhāgand" (Padded Garment) – کژ "kazh" (Raw Silk) + آغند "āgand" (Stuffed).
The name was originally specially applied to the Service Dress worn by Soldiers and Horsemen, and later to the long garment worn in Civil Life by both men and women. As an Ecclesiastical term, the word "Cassock" came into use somewhat late (as a translation of the old names of “Subtanea”, “Vestis Talaris”, “Toga Talaris”, or “Tunica Talaris”), being mentioned in Canon 74 of 1604; and it is in this sense alone that it now survives.
The word “Soutane” is a French-derived word, coming from Italian “Sottana”, derived in turn from Latin “Subtana”, the adjectival form of “Subtus” (beneath).
The Cassock (or “Soutane”) comes in a number of Styles or Cuts, though no particular symbolism attaches to these. A Roman Cassock often has a series of buttons down the front – sometimes thirty-three (symbolic of the years of The Life of Jesus). In some English-speaking countries, these buttons may be merely ornamental, with a concealed fly-front buttoning, known as a Chesterfield Front, used to fasten the garment.
A French Cassock also has buttons sewn to the sleeves, after the manner of a Suit, and a slightly broader skirt. An Ambrosian Cassock has a series of only five buttons under the neck, with a Sash on the waist. A Jesuit Cassock, in lieu of buttons, has a fly fastened with hooks at the collar, and is bound at the waist with a Cincture, knotted on the Right Side.
The ordinary Roman Cassock worn by Catholic Clerics (as distinct from that worn as Choir Dress) is Black, except in Tropical Countries, where, because of the heat, it is White, and usually without Shoulder Cape (Pellegrina). Coloured Piping and buttons are added, in accordance with Rank: Purple for Chaplains of His Holiness; Amaranth Red for Bishops, Protonotaries Apostolic and Honorary Prelates; and Scarlet Red for Cardinals.
The 1969 Instruction, on the Dress of Prelates, stated that, for all of them, even Cardinals, the Dress for ordinary use may be a simple Black Cassock without coloured trim.
A Band Cincture, or, Sash, known also as a Fascia, may be worn with the Cassock. The Instruction on the Dress of Prelates specifies that the two ends, that hang down by the side, have Silk Fringes, abolishing the Sash with Tassels.
A Black Faille Fascia is worn by Priests, Deacons, and Major Seminarians, while a Purple Faille Fascia is used by Bishops, Protonotaries Apostolic, Honorary Prelates, and Chaplains of His Holiness, when wearing a Cassock with coloured trim.
A Black Watered-Silk Fascia is permitted for Priests attached to The Papal Household, a Purple Watered-Silk Fascia for Bishops attached to The Papal Household (for example, Apostolic Nuncios), and a Scarlet Watered-Silk Fascia for Cardinals. The Pope wears a White Watered-Silk Fascia, with his Coat-of-Arms on the ends.
In Choir Dress, Chaplains of His Holiness wear their Purple-Trimmed Black Cassocks with a Cotta, but Bishops, Protonotaries Apostolic, and Honorary Prelates use (with a Cotta or, in the case of Bishops, a Rochet and Mozzetta) Cassocks that are fully Purple (this Purple corresponds more closely with a Roman Purple and is approximated as Fuchsia) with Scarlet trim, while those of Cardinals are fully Scarlet with Scarlet trim.
Cardinals have the additional distinction of having both Choir Cassock Sleeves, and the Fascia, made of Scarlet Watered-Silk. The cut of the Choir Cassock is still a Roman-cut or French-cut Roman Cassock.
In the past, a Cardinal’s Cassock was made entirely of Watered Silk, with a Train that could be fastened at the back of the Cassock. This Train was abolished by the Motu Proprio “Valde Solliciti” of Pope Pius XII, with effect from 1 January 1953.
With the same “Motu Proprio”, the Pope ordered that the Violet Cassock (then used in Penitential periods and in mourning) be made of wool, not silk, and, in February 1965, under Pope Paul VI, a Circular of The Sacred Ceremonial Congregation abolished the use of Watered Silk also for the Red Cassock.
An elbow-length Shoulder Cape, open in front, is sometimes worn with the Cassock, either fixed to it or detachable. It is known as a “Pellegrina”. It is distinct from the “Mozzetta”, which is buttoned in front and is worn over a “Rochet”.
The General Rule of The Roman Catholic Church is that the “Pellegrina” may be worn with the Cassock by Cardinals and Bishops. In 1850, the year in which he restored The Catholic Hierarchy in England and Wales, Blessed Pope Pius IX was understood to grant to all Priests, in England and Wales, the privilege of wearing a replica, in Black, of his own White Caped Cassock. Since then, the wearing of the “Pellegrina” with the Cassock has been a sign of a Catholic Priest in England and Wales, Scotland, Ireland, Australia, and New Zealand.
In his 1909 book, Costume of Prelates of The Catholic Church, John Abel Felix Prosper Nainfa proposed the use of the English word “Simar”, instead of the word “Cassock”, for the garment with Shoulder Cape, which he treated as distinct from the Cassock proper.
The founding of The Augustinian Canons, in the second half of the 11th-Century, may have had a special influence upon the spread of the Surplice. Among The Augustinian Canons, the Surplice was not only the Choir Vestment, but also a part of the Habit of The Order.
The Surplice originally reached to the feet, but, as early as the 13th-Century, it began to shorten, though, as late as the 15th-Century, it still fell to the middle of the shin, and only in the 17th- and 18th-Centuries in Continental Europe did it become considerably shorter.
In several localities it underwent more drastic modifications in the course of time, which led to the appearance of various subsidiary forms alongside the original type.
For example: the sleeveless Surplice, which featured holes at the sides to put the arms through; the Surplice with slit arms or lappets (so-called "wings") instead of sleeves, often worn by Organists today, due to the ease of manœuvring the arms; the Surplice with, not only the sleeves, but the body of the garment itself slit up the sides, precisely like the modern Dalmatic; a sort of Surplice in the form of a bell-shaped Mantle, with a hole for the head, which necessitated the arms sticking out under the hem.
In the Roman tradition, the Surplice (or “Cotta”) sometimes features lace decoration or embroidered bordures, but is most typically plainly hemmed. The lace or embroidery, if present, will often be in the form of inserts set a few inches above the edge of the hem or sleeves.
The Surplice is meant to be a miniature Alb, the Alb itself being the symbol of the white garment received at Baptism. As such, it is appropriately worn by any Cleric, by Lectors and Acolytes, or indeed by Altar Servers who are technically standing in for instituted Acolytes for any Liturgical Service.
It is often worn, for instance, by Seminarians when attending Mass and by non-Clerical Choirs. It is usually worn over a Cassock and never alone, nor is it ever gathered by a belt or Cincture.
It may be worn under a Stole by Deacons and Priests for Liturgical ceremonies or the celebration of Sacraments outside of Mass. On occasion, a Cope is worn over the Cassock, Surplice and Stole.
As part of the Choir Dress of the Clergy, it is normally not worn by Prelates (the Pope, Cardinals, Bishops, Monsignori, and some Canons) - instead, these Clerics wear the Rochet, which is in fact a variant of the Surplice.
The Surplice belongs to the “Vestes Sacræ” (Sacred Vestments), though it requires no Benediction before it is worn.
The word “Cassock” comes from Middle French “Casaque”, meaning a Long Coat. In turn, the Old French word may come ultimately from Turkish "Quzzak" (Nomad, Adventurer – the source of the word "Cossack"), an allusion to their typical Riding Coat, or from Persian کژاغند "kazhāgand" (Padded Garment) – کژ "kazh" (Raw Silk) + آغند "āgand" (Stuffed).
English: Cardinal Tarcisio Bertone, wearing a
Tropical White Cassock, trimmed in Cardinalatial Scarlet, in Santo Domingo, Dominican Republic.
Italiano: Missione genovese del Guaricano -
Santo Domingo (Dominican Republic), l'arcivescovo
di Genova cardinale Tarcisio Bertone in visita
alla missione - Foto di Donpaolo
Source: Own work.
Author: di Donpaolo
This File: 28 February 2006.
User: Twice25
(Wikimedia Commons)
The word “Soutane” is a French-derived word, coming from Italian “Sottana”, derived in turn from Latin “Subtana”, the adjectival form of “Subtus” (beneath).
A French Cassock also has buttons sewn to the sleeves, after the manner of a Suit, and a slightly broader skirt. An Ambrosian Cassock has a series of only five buttons under the neck, with a Sash on the waist. A Jesuit Cassock, in lieu of buttons, has a fly fastened with hooks at the collar, and is bound at the waist with a Cincture, knotted on the Right Side.
English: Priest wearing Roman Cassock.
Note the thirty-three buttons, symbolising the thirty-three years of the Earthly life of Jesus Christ. First Native Roman Catholic Parish Priest from The Belgian Congo (Zaire).
Français: Premier prêtre indigène de l'église catholique romain au Congo belge. Lingála: Sángó moíndo ya libosó ya Eklesya Katolike na Kongó ya Bɛ́lɛjika.
Date: Early-1900s.
Source: Gazet van Antwerpen, 2 September 1906.
“First Native Parish Priest”.
Author: Unknown.
(Wikimedia Commons)
The ordinary Roman Cassock worn by Catholic Clerics (as distinct from that worn as Choir Dress) is Black, except in Tropical Countries, where, because of the heat, it is White, and usually without Shoulder Cape (Pellegrina). Coloured Piping and buttons are added, in accordance with Rank: Purple for Chaplains of His Holiness; Amaranth Red for Bishops, Protonotaries Apostolic and Honorary Prelates; and Scarlet Red for Cardinals.
The 1969 Instruction, on the Dress of Prelates, stated that, for all of them, even Cardinals, the Dress for ordinary use may be a simple Black Cassock without coloured trim.
A Band Cincture, or, Sash, known also as a Fascia, may be worn with the Cassock. The Instruction on the Dress of Prelates specifies that the two ends, that hang down by the side, have Silk Fringes, abolishing the Sash with Tassels.
A Black Faille Fascia is worn by Priests, Deacons, and Major Seminarians, while a Purple Faille Fascia is used by Bishops, Protonotaries Apostolic, Honorary Prelates, and Chaplains of His Holiness, when wearing a Cassock with coloured trim.
An Anglican Priest wearing the standard
Double-Breasted Sarum Cassock.
This File: 8 January 2007.
User: Fishhead64
Wikipedia.
A Black Watered-Silk Fascia is permitted for Priests attached to The Papal Household, a Purple Watered-Silk Fascia for Bishops attached to The Papal Household (for example, Apostolic Nuncios), and a Scarlet Watered-Silk Fascia for Cardinals. The Pope wears a White Watered-Silk Fascia, with his Coat-of-Arms on the ends.
In Choir Dress, Chaplains of His Holiness wear their Purple-Trimmed Black Cassocks with a Cotta, but Bishops, Protonotaries Apostolic, and Honorary Prelates use (with a Cotta or, in the case of Bishops, a Rochet and Mozzetta) Cassocks that are fully Purple (this Purple corresponds more closely with a Roman Purple and is approximated as Fuchsia) with Scarlet trim, while those of Cardinals are fully Scarlet with Scarlet trim.
Cardinals have the additional distinction of having both Choir Cassock Sleeves, and the Fascia, made of Scarlet Watered-Silk. The cut of the Choir Cassock is still a Roman-cut or French-cut Roman Cassock.
With the same “Motu Proprio”, the Pope ordered that the Violet Cassock (then used in Penitential periods and in mourning) be made of wool, not silk, and, in February 1965, under Pope Paul VI, a Circular of The Sacred Ceremonial Congregation abolished the use of Watered Silk also for the Red Cassock.
An elbow-length Shoulder Cape, open in front, is sometimes worn with the Cassock, either fixed to it or detachable. It is known as a “Pellegrina”. It is distinct from the “Mozzetta”, which is buttoned in front and is worn over a “Rochet”.
Bishop (1982-1994), wearing a Black, Amaranth-Piped Cassock, with “Pellegrina”, a Purple Fascia, and a Gold,
or Gilt, Pectoral Cross.
Date: Unknown.
Source: Opus Dei official website.
Author: Unknown.
(Wikimedia Commons)
In his 1909 book, Costume of Prelates of The Catholic Church, John Abel Felix Prosper Nainfa proposed the use of the English word “Simar”, instead of the word “Cassock”, for the garment with Shoulder Cape, which he treated as distinct from the Cassock proper.
Others, too, have made the same distinction between the “Simar” (with “Pellegrina”) and the “Cassock” (without “Pellegrina”), but many scholars disagree with Nainfa’s distinction.
More particularly, documents of The Holy See make no such distinction, using the term “Cassock” or “Vestis Talaris”, whether a “Pellegrina” is attached or not. Thus, the 1969 Instruction states that, for Cardinals and Bishops, “the elbow-length Cape, trimmed in the same manner as this Cassock, may be worn over it”. “Cassock”, rather than “Simar” is the term that is usually applied to the Dress of Popes and other Catholic Ecclesiastics.
The Instruction also gives no support to Nainfa’s claim that the Cassock, with Shoulder Cape, should not be worn in Church Services, which moreover would be of difficult application, since the Cassock, with “Pellegrina”, is generally made as a single garment, with a non-detachable “Pellegrina”.
Nainfa wrote that, at that time, the garment with Shoulder Cape was, in Italian, called a “Zimarra”, a term, however, that, in that language, is today used rather of a historical loose-fitting “Over-Gown”, quite unlike the close-fitting “Cassock”, with “Pellegrina”, worn by Catholic Clergy, and similar to the fur-lined “Schaube” that was used in Northern Europe.
More particularly, documents of The Holy See make no such distinction, using the term “Cassock” or “Vestis Talaris”, whether a “Pellegrina” is attached or not. Thus, the 1969 Instruction states that, for Cardinals and Bishops, “the elbow-length Cape, trimmed in the same manner as this Cassock, may be worn over it”. “Cassock”, rather than “Simar” is the term that is usually applied to the Dress of Popes and other Catholic Ecclesiastics.
The Instruction also gives no support to Nainfa’s claim that the Cassock, with Shoulder Cape, should not be worn in Church Services, which moreover would be of difficult application, since the Cassock, with “Pellegrina”, is generally made as a single garment, with a non-detachable “Pellegrina”.
A Greek Orthodox Clergyman,
wearing Outer Cassock (“exorason”)
and (“kalimavkion”).
Date: 24 December 2007.
Source: Own work.
Author: David Shankbone.
(Wikimedia Commons)
Nainfa wrote that, at that time, the garment with Shoulder Cape was, in Italian, called a “Zimarra”, a term, however, that, in that language, is today used rather of a historical loose-fitting “Over-Gown”, quite unlike the close-fitting “Cassock”, with “Pellegrina”, worn by Catholic Clergy, and similar to the fur-lined “Schaube” that was used in Northern Europe.
Images of the historical “Zimarra”, as worn by women, can be seen at Dressing the Italian Way and The Italian Showcase.
In cold weather, the “Manto”, an ankle-length Cape, with or without Shoulder Cape, or the “Greca”, also known as the “Douillette”, an ankle-length Double-Breasted Overcoat, is traditionally worn over the Cassock. For Bishops and Priests, both the “Manto” and “Greca” are Solid Black in colour, while, for the Pope, the “Manto” is Red and the “Greca” is White.
Cassocks are sometimes worn by Seminarians studying for the Priesthood, by Religious Brothers, by Lay People, when assisting with the Liturgy in Church, such as Altar Servers, and by members of Choirs (frequently with Cotta, or, more usually in Anglican Churches, Surplice).
A Surplice (Late-Latin “Superpelliceum”, from “super” (over) and “pellis” (fur) is a Liturgical Vestment of the Western Christian Church. The Surplice is in the form of a Tunic of white linen or cotton fabric, reaching to the knees or to the ankles, with wide or moderately wide sleeves.
It was originally a long garment with open sleeves reaching nearly to the ground, as it remains in the Anglican tradition, but in the Catholic tradition, the Surplice often has shorter, closed sleeves and square shoulders. Anglicans typically refer to a Roman-style Surplice with the Mediæval Latin term “Cotta” [meaning “cut-off”, in Italian], as it is derived from the cut-off Alb.
It seems most probable that the Surplice first appeared in France or England, whence its use gradually spread to Italy. It is possible that there is a connection between the Surplice and the Gallican or Celtic Alb, an un-girdled Liturgical Tunic of the old Gallican Rite, which was superseded during the Carolingian era by the Roman Rite.
In cold weather, the “Manto”, an ankle-length Cape, with or without Shoulder Cape, or the “Greca”, also known as the “Douillette”, an ankle-length Double-Breasted Overcoat, is traditionally worn over the Cassock. For Bishops and Priests, both the “Manto” and “Greca” are Solid Black in colour, while, for the Pope, the “Manto” is Red and the “Greca” is White.
Cassocks are sometimes worn by Seminarians studying for the Priesthood, by Religious Brothers, by Lay People, when assisting with the Liturgy in Church, such as Altar Servers, and by members of Choirs (frequently with Cotta, or, more usually in Anglican Churches, Surplice).
Seminarian, vested in a pleated Roman-style Surplice with lace inserts, holding a Thurible, at the First Annual Eucharistic Congress, Charlotte, North Carolina.
This File: 1 October 2005.
User: Fennec
(Wikimedia Commons)
A Surplice (Late-Latin “Superpelliceum”, from “super” (over) and “pellis” (fur) is a Liturgical Vestment of the Western Christian Church. The Surplice is in the form of a Tunic of white linen or cotton fabric, reaching to the knees or to the ankles, with wide or moderately wide sleeves.
It was originally a long garment with open sleeves reaching nearly to the ground, as it remains in the Anglican tradition, but in the Catholic tradition, the Surplice often has shorter, closed sleeves and square shoulders. Anglicans typically refer to a Roman-style Surplice with the Mediæval Latin term “Cotta” [meaning “cut-off”, in Italian], as it is derived from the cut-off Alb.
It seems most probable that the Surplice first appeared in France or England, whence its use gradually spread to Italy. It is possible that there is a connection between the Surplice and the Gallican or Celtic Alb, an un-girdled Liturgical Tunic of the old Gallican Rite, which was superseded during the Carolingian era by the Roman Rite.
Anglican Priest, in Choir Habit —
Cassock, Surplice, Academic Hood
(University of Wales BD) and Tippet.
Photo: 21 October 2005.
Source: Own work.
Author: Gareth Hughes
(Wikimedia Commons)
The Surplice originally reached to the feet, but, as early as the 13th-Century, it began to shorten, though, as late as the 15th-Century, it still fell to the middle of the shin, and only in the 17th- and 18th-Centuries in Continental Europe did it become considerably shorter.
For example: the sleeveless Surplice, which featured holes at the sides to put the arms through; the Surplice with slit arms or lappets (so-called "wings") instead of sleeves, often worn by Organists today, due to the ease of manœuvring the arms; the Surplice with, not only the sleeves, but the body of the garment itself slit up the sides, precisely like the modern Dalmatic; a sort of Surplice in the form of a bell-shaped Mantle, with a hole for the head, which necessitated the arms sticking out under the hem.
The Death of Saint Bede, the Monastic Clergy are wearing Surplices over their Cowls (original painting at Saint Cuthbert's College, Ushaw, Durham, England). Death of Saint Bede - Project Gutenberg eText 16785. From The Project Gutenberg EBook of Our Catholic Heritage in English Literature of Pre-Conquest Days, by Emily Hickey.
(Wikimedia Commons)
In the Roman tradition, the Surplice (or “Cotta”) sometimes features lace decoration or embroidered bordures, but is most typically plainly hemmed. The lace or embroidery, if present, will often be in the form of inserts set a few inches above the edge of the hem or sleeves.
The Surplice is meant to be a miniature Alb, the Alb itself being the symbol of the white garment received at Baptism. As such, it is appropriately worn by any Cleric, by Lectors and Acolytes, or indeed by Altar Servers who are technically standing in for instituted Acolytes for any Liturgical Service.
It is often worn, for instance, by Seminarians when attending Mass and by non-Clerical Choirs. It is usually worn over a Cassock and never alone, nor is it ever gathered by a belt or Cincture.
As part of the Choir Dress of the Clergy, it is normally not worn by Prelates (the Pope, Cardinals, Bishops, Monsignori, and some Canons) - instead, these Clerics wear the Rochet, which is in fact a variant of the Surplice.
The Surplice belongs to the “Vestes Sacræ” (Sacred Vestments), though it requires no Benediction before it is worn.
Of Your Charity, Please Pray For Fr. Charles Briggs (R.I.P.) (☩ 25 August 2020). Parish Priest Of Saint Mary's Church, Chislehurst, Kent. And For His Parishioners. “Pray For Me, As I Will For Thee, That We May Merrily Meet In Heaven” .
25 August 2026 is the “Six Years’ Mind” for Rev. Fr. Charles Briggs (R.I.P.).
Of your Charity, please Pray for him and his Parishioners.
Reverend Fr. Charles Briggs.
Parish Priest, Saint Mary’s,
Chislehurst, Kent.
Whilst being treated in the Hospice, in 2020, Rev. Fr. Charles Briggs wished to send the following Message to all his many friends and his Parishioners.
A Message From Fr. Charles Briggs
To All His Many Friends And Parishioners.
“Your Prayers would naturally be very much appreciated.
As a Priest, I am well familiar with the Truths of our Faith concerning the last things of Death, Judgement, Hell, and Heaven, but the end of life here below is a trial for which
none may presume on being fully prepared to face.
“I will offer up my sufferings; for you, my dear family
and friends, in reparation for my sins, and in union with
our dear Saviour’s redeeming Sacrifice on The Cross.
“My apologies if I do not get to say
“Goodbye”, personally, but, as Saint Thomas More said:
“Pray for me, as I will for thee,
that we may merrily meet in Heaven” ”.
Fr. Charles Briggs.
Dear Jesus: Pray For Him.
Dear Holy Mother Mary: Pray For Him.
Dear Saint Charles Borromeo: Pray For Him.
The Fourteen Auxiliary Saints.
The Fourteen Auxiliary Saints.
Illustration: UNA VOCE OF ORANGE COUNTY
Artist: René de Cramer.
“Copyright Brunelmar/Ghent/Belgium”.
Used with Permission.
Saint Christopher.
One of the Fourteen Auxiliary Saints,
carrying The Christ Child.
Illustration:
Text from The Saint Andrew Daily Missal,
unless otherwise stated.
The name of “Auxiliary Saints” is given to a group of fourteen Saints particularly noted for the efficacy of their intercession. They are often represented together.
Saint George.
Feast Day 23 April.
Is to be recognised in statuary and pictures by the dragon he strikes down. He is invoked against herpetic diseases. He is, with Saint Sebastian and Saint Maurice, the Patron Saint of soldiers.
Saint Blaise.
Feast Day 3 February.
Is to be recognised in statuary and pictures by his two candles, crossed. He is invoked against diseases of the throat.
Saint Erasmus.
Feast Day 2 June.
Is to be recognised in statuary and pictures by entrails wound around a windlass. He is invoked against diseases of the stomach. He is the Patron Saint of mariners and seamen.
Saint Pantaleon.
Feast Day 27 July.
Is to be recognised in statuary and pictures by his nailed hands. Invoked against consumption. He is, with Saint Luke and Saints Cosmas and Damian, the Patron Saint of medical men.
Saint Giles protecting the Hind (Detail).
Date: Circa 1500.
Source:
Original image at The National Gallery
Author: Master of Saint Giles
(Wikimedia Commons)
Saint Vitus (or, Guy).
Feast Day 15 June.
Is to be recognised in statuary and pictures by his Cross. Invoked against Chorea (Saint Vitus’s Dance), lethargy and the bite of venomous or mad beasts.
Saint Christopher.
Feast Day 25 July.
Is to be recognised in statuary and pictures by The Infant Jesus, Whom he carries. He is invoked in storms, tempests, plagues, and for the avoidance of accidents in travelling. Also, in the Blessing of motor cars.
Saint Denis.
Feast Day 9 October.
Is to be recognised in statuary and pictures by his head, which he holds in his hands. Invoked for people possessed of devils.
English: Altar of The Fourteen Holy Helpers,
Vierzehnheiligen Basilica, Bad Staffelstein, Germany.
Deutsch: Altar der Vierzehn Nothelfer der Basilika Vierzehnheiligen, Bad Staffelstein.
Photo: July 2007.
Source: Own work.
Author: Zairon
(Wikimedia Commons)
Saint Cyriacus.
Feast Day 8 August.
Is to be recognised in statuary and pictures by his Deacon’s Vestments. Invoked against diseases of the eye and diabolical possession.
Saint Acathius.
Feast Day 8 May.
Is to be recognised in statuary and pictures by his Crown of Thorns. Invoked against headaches.
Saint Eustace.
Feast Day 20 September.
Is to be recognised in statuary and pictures by his stag and hunting equipment. Invoked for preservation from fire (eternal or temporal).
English: Saint Barbara shrines in German mines
Schacht Konrad (left) and Schacht Asse II (right).
Deutsch: Die Heilige Barbara in einem Schrein in dem Eisenerzbergwerk Schacht Konrad (links) und in dem Salzbergwerk Asse (rechts).
Date: September 2008.
Source: Own work.
Author: Wusel007
(Wikimedia Commons)
Saint Giles.
Feast Day 1 September.
Is to be recognised in statuary and pictures by his Benedictine Cowl and his Hind. Invoked against panic, epilepsy, madness, nocturnal terrors.
Saint Margaret.
Feast Day 20 July.
Is to be recognised in statuary and pictures by the dragon she keeps in chains. Invoked against pains in the loins and by women about to become mothers.
English: Statue of Saint Giles.
Altar of The Fourteen Holy Helpers.
Deutsch: Altar of the Vierzehnheiligen. Die Basilika Vierzehnheiligen bei Bad Staffelstein im Landkreis Lichtenfels ist eine Wallfahrtskirchen in Oberfranken, Deutschland.
Photo: 16 April 2009.
Source: Own work.
Author: Mattana
(Wikimedia Commons)
Saint Barbara.
Feast Day 4 December.
Is to be recognised in statuary and pictures by her tower and the ciborium surmounted by a Sacred Host. Invoked against lightnings and sudden death. Patron Saint of miners and artillery soldiers.
Saint Catharine.
Feast Day 25 November.
Is to be recognised in statuary and pictures by her broken wheel. “The Wise Counsellor” is invoked by students, Christian philosophers, orators and barristers.
English: Two of The Fourteen Auxiliary Saints.
Stained-Glass Window. Church of Saint Pelagius,
Weitnau, Bavaria, Germany.
The Saints are Saint Erasmus and Saint Acathius.
Deutsch: Pfarrkirche St. Pelagius, Weitnau,
Nothelferfenster, St. Erasmus und St. Achatius.
Photo: September 2007.
Source: Own work.
Author: Andreas Praefcke
(Wikimedia Commons)
The Fourteen Holy Helpers are a group of Saints, Venerated together, in Roman Catholicism, because their intercession is believed to be particularly effective, especially against various diseases.
This group of “Nothelfer” (“Helpers in Need”) originated in the 14th-Century, at first in The Rhineland, Germany, largely as a result of the epidemic (probably of bubonic plague) that became known as The Black Death.
At the heart of the Fourteen Auxiliary Saints were three Virgin Martyrs:
Sankt Margaretha mit dem Wurm;
Sankt Barbara mit dem Turm;
Sankt Catharina mit dem Radl.
Das sind Die Heiligen Drei Madl.
Saint Margaret with the Dragon;
Saint Barbara with the Tower;
Saint Catherine with the Wheel.
Those are The Three Holy Maids.
English: Framed Altarpiece, Church of Saint Martin,
Alsace, France, depicting The Fourteen Auxiliary Saints.
Français: Alsace, Bas-Rhin, Erstein, Eglise Saint-Martin, Autel-retable et tableau des 14 intercesseurs (Autel 1804; tableau 1878 Caroline Sorg).
Photo: 2014.
Source: Own work.
Author: Ralph Hammann
(Wikimedia Commons)
Saint Christopher and Saint Giles were invoked against the plague. Saint Denis was Prayed to for relief from headache, Saint Blaise for ills of the throat, Saint Elmo, for abdominal maladies, Saint Barbara for fever, and Saint Vitus against epilepsy.
Saint Pantaleon was the Patron of physicians, Saint Cyriacus invoked against temptation on the deathbed, and Saints Christopher, Barbara, and Catherine for protection against a sudden and unprovided-for death.
Saint Giles was Prayed to for a good Confession, and Saint Eustace as healer of family troubles. Domestic animals were also attacked by the plague, and so Saints George, Elmo, Pantaleon, and Vitus were invoked for their protection. Saint Margaret of Antioch is the Patron of safe childbirth.
English: The High Altar.
Church of Saint Blaise, Dahlenheim, France.
Saint Blaise is one of The Fourteen Auxiliary Saints.
Français: Alsace, Bas-Rhin, Dahlenheim, Église Saint-Blaise, Chœur avec stalles et maître-autel (XVIIIe).
Photo: 2015.
Source: Own work.
Author: Ralph Hammann
(Wikimedia Commons)
When that Calendar was revised, in 1969, the individual Celebrations of Saint Barbara, Saint Catherine of Alexandria, Saint Christopher, and Saint Margaret of Antioch, were dropped, but, in 2004, Pope Saint John Paul II re-instated the 25 November Optional Memorial of Catherine of Alexandria, whose voice was heard by Saint Joan of Arc.
The individual Celebrations of all Fourteen Holy Helpers (or Fourteen Auxiliary Saints) are included in the General Roman Calendar as in 1954, the General Roman Calendar of Pope Pius XII, and the General Roman Calendar of 1960.
Comparable to the cult of The Fourteen Holy Helpers was that of the Four Holy Marshals, who were also Venerated in The Rhineland as “Marshals of God.”
These were:
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