30 September, 2026
Saint Jerome. Priest. Confessor. Doctor Of The Church. Feast Day 30 September. White Vestments.
Row of Panels of a Stained-Glass Window,
circa 1520. The Nave of the Church of Notre-Dame,
Carentan, France, showing four Doctors of The Church.
Left to Right: Pope Gregory I; Saint Jerome;
Église Notre-Dame, Carentan,
Manche, Basse-Normandie, France.
Photo: 24 August 2014.
Source: Own work.
Author: Andreas F. Borchert.
(Wikimedia Commons)
Text from The Saint Andrew Daily Missal,
unless otherwise stated.
Saint Jerome.
Priest.
Confessor.
Doctor of The Church.
Feast Day 30 September.
Double.
White Vestments.
unless otherwise stated.
Saint Jerome.
Priest.
Confessor.
Doctor of The Church.
Feast Day 30 September.
Double.
White Vestments.
Jerome was born at Stridon, in Dalmatia, and was Baptised in Rome. He was educated at a School held by very distinguished Professors. Ordained Priest, he retired into a Monastery Founded by two great Roman ladies, Saint Paula and Saint Eustochium, at Bethlehem, near The Crib in which Our Lord was born.
Mortifying himself by perpetual abstinence, and devoting himself to meditation of The Scriptures (Gradual), he spent days and nights in study and writing. It is he who fixed the Latin Text in The Translation known as The Vulgate, which The Church adopted as the Official Translation of The Bible.
He died in 420 A.D., and his body rests in Rome in the Church of Saint Mary Major.
Mass: In médio.
English: Saint Jerome. Stained-Glass Window
of The Chapel of The Finding of The Cross,
Dillingen, Bavaria, Germany.
Made by Franz Xaver Zettler, Munich, 1911.
Deutsch: Katholische Kreuzauffindungskapelle,
Hauskapelle der Akademie für Lehrerfortbildung und
Personalführung in Bayern (ehemalige Kapelle des Priesterseminars) in Dillingen-an-der-Donau (Bayern) von 1911, Glasfenster von Franz Xaver Zettler in München (1911), Darstellung: hl. Hieronymus;
Inschrift: S. HIERONYMUS IN EREMO MEDIATUR;
Hauskapelle der Akademie für Lehrerfortbildung und
Personalführung in Bayern (ehemalige Kapelle des Priesterseminars) in Dillingen-an-der-Donau (Bayern) von 1911, Glasfenster von Franz Xaver Zettler in München (1911), Darstellung: hl. Hieronymus;
Inschrift: S. HIERONYMUS IN EREMO MEDIATUR;
Photo: 14 May 2012.
Source: Own work.
Author: GFreihalter.
(Wikimedia Commons)
The following Text is from Wikipedia.
Saint Jerome (Latin: Eusebius Sophronius Hieronymus; Greek: Εὐσέβιος Σωφρόνιος Ἱερώνυμος; circa 347 A.D. –
30 September 420 A.D.) was a Catholic Priest, Confessor, Theologian and Historian, who also became a Doctor of The Church. He was the son of Eusebius, born at Stridon, an Illyrian village on the border of Dalmatia and Pannonia.
He is best known for his translation of most of the Bible into Latin (the translation that became known as the Vulgate), and his Commentaries on the Gospels. His list of writings is extensive. Known as the “Protégé” of Pope Damasus I, who died in December of 384 A.D., Jerome was known for his teachings on Christian moral life, especially to those living in cosmopolitan centres such as Rome.
In many cases, he focused his attention on the lives of women and identified how a woman, devoted to Jesus Christ, should live her life. This focus stemmed from his close Patron relationships with several prominent female ascetics, who were members of affluent Roman “Senatorial Families”.
He is recognised as a Saint by the Roman Catholic Church, the Eastern Orthodox Church, the Lutheran Church, and the Church of England (Anglican Communion).
His Feast Day is 30 September.
He is best known for his translation of most of the Bible into Latin (the translation that became known as the Vulgate), and his Commentaries on the Gospels. His list of writings is extensive. Known as the “Protégé” of Pope Damasus I, who died in December of 384 A.D., Jerome was known for his teachings on Christian moral life, especially to those living in cosmopolitan centres such as Rome.
In many cases, he focused his attention on the lives of women and identified how a woman, devoted to Jesus Christ, should live her life. This focus stemmed from his close Patron relationships with several prominent female ascetics, who were members of affluent Roman “Senatorial Families”.
He is recognised as a Saint by the Roman Catholic Church, the Eastern Orthodox Church, the Lutheran Church, and the Church of England (Anglican Communion).
His Feast Day is 30 September.
THE SAINT ANDREW DAILY MISSAL
THE SAINT ANDREW DAILY MISSAL
Available (in U.K.) from
Available (in U.S.A.) from
Tie-Wig. Bob-Wig. Bag-Wig. Periwig. Queue. Chiving Lay. Solitaire. Macaroni. Sunday Buckle. (Part Three).
A Gentleman’s Wig.
Text and Illustrations: GERI WALTON
It was applied before hair powder, which was also perfumed. Among the popular scents for powder were “musk, civet, ambergris, bergamot, rose, violet, almond, and orange-flower perfumes, and many more of differing qualities.”[8]
Because everyone was wearing a Wig, the price was high. Costs “sometimes amount[ed] to thirty, forty, and fifty guineas … [but] Wigs could be had at all prices, being worn by every class of the community.”[9]
In fact, Wigs were so popular, Wig stealing became a profitable enterprise in England. To accomplish these thefts, a Wig thief, known as “chiving lay” [Editor: A “chiv” is another name for a knife. Hence, the modern slang term “shiv”, for a knife], would position himself “behind Hackney Coaches, which were generally compelled to go at a slow pace owning to the narrowness of the streets and the absence of proper paving, and [the chiving lay] would cut out the back and snatch a gentleman’s Wig from his head … ladies lost their head-dresses [similarly, and] … sometimes a gentleman would find himself suddenly denuded of his head covering in the street.”[10]
It seems, small boys were also trained to be Wig thieves: They would hide in baskets and snatch Wigs off people’s heads as they passed by.
Early engraving of Wigs from 1773.
Public domain.
Because everyone was wearing a Wig, the price was high. Costs “sometimes amount[ed] to thirty, forty, and fifty guineas … [but] Wigs could be had at all prices, being worn by every class of the community.”[9]
In fact, Wigs were so popular, Wig stealing became a profitable enterprise in England. To accomplish these thefts, a Wig thief, known as “chiving lay” [Editor: A “chiv” is another name for a knife. Hence, the modern slang term “shiv”, for a knife], would position himself “behind Hackney Coaches, which were generally compelled to go at a slow pace owning to the narrowness of the streets and the absence of proper paving, and [the chiving lay] would cut out the back and snatch a gentleman’s Wig from his head … ladies lost their head-dresses [similarly, and] … sometimes a gentleman would find himself suddenly denuded of his head covering in the street.”[10]
It seems, small boys were also trained to be Wig thieves: They would hide in baskets and snatch Wigs off people’s heads as they passed by.
Various Wigs remained popular throughout the 1700s, and almost every profession had their own peculiar Wig, with “the oddest appellations … given to them.”[11]
Alice More Earle noted that each profession seemed to chose a Periwig that best expressed its function. For instance,
“The caricatures of the period represent[ed by] full-fledged lawyers with a towering frontlet and a long bag at the back tied in the middle; while students of the university … [sported] a Wig flat on the top, to accommodate their stiff cornered hats, and a great bag like a lawyer’s at the back.”[12]
Yet, for all the Wig’s popularity, the French Revolution and England’s 1795 hair powder tax — an annual tax costing one guinea and imposed under William Pitt — put an end to Wig wearing.
French revolutionaries revolted against anything that reminded them of nobility or the Monarchy, and, in England, when the tax was enacted, Whig leaders were said to have cut off their “queues”, thereby heralding in the Wigless and natural hairstyles embraced during the French Directory and Regency era.
THIS CONCLUDES THIS ARTICLE.
References:[1] Hill, Georgiana, A History of English Dress from the Saxon Period to the Present Day, Vol. 2, 1893, p. 9.
[2] Sydney, William Connor, England and the English in the Eighteenth Century, Vol. 1, 1892, p. 106.
[3] Hill, Georgiana, p. 18.
[4] Ibid, p. 19.
[5] Ibid., p. 25.
[6] Ibid., p. 20.
[7] Ibid., p. 12.
[8] Ibid., p. 13.
[9] Ibid., p. 22.
[10] Ibid., p. 22-23
[11] Ibid., p. 19.
[12] Earle, Alice Morse, Two Centuries of Costume in America, Volume 1, 1903 p. 336-337.
29 September, 2026
A Traditional Latin Mass Was Celebrated, Today, At The Saint Michael Altar, Saint Peter’s Basilica, On The Feast Day of Saint Michæl The Archangel.
A Traditional Latin Mass was Celebrated
at the Saint Michael Altar in Saint Peter’s Basilica,
Rome, today, 29 September 2026.
Illustration: RORATE CÆLI
This Article was taken from,
and can be read in full at, RORATE CÆLI
“The Angel Gold Coin”. Mediæval Gold Coin. Replaced “The Noble”.
Angel Gold Coin.
England, Tudor. Henry VIII of England. 1509 - 1547. AV
Angel (29mm, 5.12 g, 8h). First coinage. Tower mint;
mm: crowned portcullis with chains. Struck 1513-1526.
hEnRIC' x VIII' x DI' x GRA x REX x AGL' x Z x FR' xx, Archangel Michael slaying the DragonPER x CRVCE' x TVA' x SALVA x nOS x XPC' x REDE', ship bearing shield and cross,
h and rose flanking cross.Whitton p. 187, iii; cf. Schneider 561; North 1760; SCBC 2265.
English: This coin is listed in the
English: This coin is listed in the
Standard Catalogue of British Coins under the ID 2265.
This File is licensed under the
Creative Commons Attribution-
Share Alike 3.0 Unported Licence.
Attribution:
Classical Numismatic Group, Inc.
This File is licensed under the
Creative Commons Attribution-
Share Alike 3.0 Unported Licence.
Attribution:
Classical Numismatic Group, Inc.
This File: 5 April 2006.
User: Carlomorino
(Wikimedia Commons)
(Wikimedia Commons)
Copilot states the following:
(Left): The image of the Archangel Michael slaying a dragon, the legend inscribed with
“HENRIC VIII DI GRA REX AGL & FR”.
(By The Grace Of God,
King Of England And France).
(Right): The image of an English Galley with the monogram “H” and a Rose set below the Main Top Mast; the Ship surmounted by a Shield bearing the King’s Coat-of-Arms. The legend inscribed: “PER CRVCE TVA SALVA NOS XPC REDE”. (By Thy Cross, Save Us, Christ The Redeemer.)
The Angel was an English Gold Coin, first minted in 1465 under King Edward IV and circulating until the Mid‑17th-Century.
This Gold Coin was valued at six Shillings and eight Pence (one-third of a Pound) when introduced (the old value of
“The Noble”, which it replaced).
Design:
Archangel Michael spearing a Dragon on the Obverse:
A Royal Ship on the Reverse.
Origin:
Modelled on the French “Angelot”
(or “Ange”) minted since the 1340s.
Period of issue:
From King Edward IV (1465) through the Tudor
and Early-Stuart reigns; discontinued as currency by 1642.
The Angel became famous not only as money,
but as a Royal “Touchpiece”.
Monarchs used pierced Angels in healing ceremonies
for “Scrofula” (“The King’s Evil”), believing the
Coin carried Divine Virtue once touched by the Sovereign.
This practice continued even after the Coin ceased circulating.
There was a “Half‑Angel” Coin, introduced in 1472,
worth 3s 4d (one-sixth of a Pound).
Liturgical Worship. (Part Two).
All Illustrations previously published on Zephyrinus’ Blog.
unless stated otherwise.
Saint Paul says: “By Him (i.e., Our Lord) we have access both in one Spirit to The Father”.
All the properly sacerdotal formulas said by the Celebrant at the Altar (Collect, Secret, Preface, Postcommunion) are addressed to The Holy Ghost. That is to say that, under the influence of Grace attributed to The Holy Ghost, we are united with Christ as man, as our Priest or mediator in order to honour The Father in Whom the whole Blessed Trinity may be said to be implicitly contained, since, from Him, The Son and The Holy Ghost both proceed.
It is “through Christ that we go to God”. Therefore, all The Church’s Prayers conclude with the words: “Through Jesus Christ Our Lord”; and the Canon of The Mass ends with the formula: “Through Him, and with Him, and in Him, be unto Thee, O God The Father Almighty, in the unity of The Holy Ghost, all honour and glory, World without end. Amen”.
Christ, by His bloody sacrifice on The Cross, merited for each of us our redemption and the graces necessary for obtaining it. After His Resurrection and Ascension, His Priesthood is continued in Heaven by presenting His Glorious Wounds to The Father in our favour.
By this perpetual oblation, He obtains the application to our Soul of that which He merited for us on Calvary.
In order to save us, the mediatorship of Jesus is necessary also upon Earth. For this purpose did The Saviour institute the Holy Eucharist, whereby He might find the means of being made man no longer merely in Palestine and for a determined time, but every day and in every Country.
That our Souls could benefit from the merits of Jesus, Who was both Priest and Victim on The Cross, God wills that He should continue to offer Himself on the Altar under the species of Bread and Wine, recalling the separation of His Body and His Blood on Calvary.
“The sacrifice offered on the Altar”, says the Council of Trent, “is the same which was offered on Calvary, since it is the same Priest and the same Victim”.
Christ is the High Priest, but to perform the rites of this sacrifice, a lower order of Priesthood is necessary to supply what Our Lord does not Himself perform.
These Ministers of the Priesthood of Christ are the members of the Catholic hierarchy, and thus at one and the same time by Christ invisible, and by Christ visible, it is ordained that we shall Pray to God in the person of the Pope, Bishops, and Priests.
PART THREE FOLLOWS.
Republic Pictures. RKO Pictures. Radio City Music Hall.
Republic Pictures Logo
used from 1949 to 1959.
This File: 28 January 2024.
User: DatBot
(Wikimedia Commons)
The following four paragraphs are taken from Wikipedia, and the Article can be read in full at REPUBLIC PICTURES
Republic Pictures is a label owned by Paramount Pictures.[2] Its history dates back to Republic Pictures Corporation, an American film studio that originally operated from 1935[3] to 1967, based in Los Angeles, California. It had production and distribution facilities in Studio City, as well as a movie ranch in Encino.
Republic was known for specialising in Westerns, cliffhanger serials, and B-films emphasising action and mystery.
Monogram Pictures, a predecessor to Republic Pictures.
Source: extracted from [1]
Author: Warriorboy85
(Wikimedia Commons)
The studio was also notable for developing the careers of such famous Western stars as Roy Rogers, Gene Autry, and John Wayne. It was also responsible for the financial management and distribution of several big-budget feature films directed by John Ford, as well as one Shakespeare motion picture directed by Orson Welles.
Under the supervising leadership of Herbert J. Yates, Republic was considered a mini-major film studio, producing almost 1,000 motion pictures.[4]
Under the supervising leadership of Herbert J. Yates, Republic was considered a mini-major film studio, producing almost 1,000 motion pictures.[4]
Classic opening Logo of RKO Radio Pictures.
The famous “Transmitter” Production Logo
of RKO Radio Pictures 1929 - 1957.
Date: 1929.
Source: Still is taken from File:The House I Live In (1945).webm - 1945 Trailer for “The House I Live
In”. Originally from The Library of Congress.
Author: Frank Ross Productions Ltd.
RKO Radio Pictures.
(Wikimedia Commons)
Classic closing Logo of RKO Radio Pictures.
Date: 1936 - 1955.
Original Rights Holder: RKO Radio Pictures Inc.
Heir to Rights Holder: RKO Pictures LLC.
Source: Image capture from DVD.
(Wikipedia)
can be read in full at RKO PICTURES
RKO Pictures, commonly known as simply RKO, is an American film, television and stage production company owned by Concord.
The business was formed after the Keith-Albee-Orpheum Theatre Chain and Joseph P. Kennedy’s Film Booking Offices of America Studio were brought together under the control of the Radio Corporation of America (RCA) in October 1928.
RKO Pictures, commonly known as simply RKO, is an American film, television and stage production company owned by Concord.
Radio-Keith-Orpheum Logo, 1929.
Original Rights Holder: Radio Pictures Inc.
Heir to Rights Holder: RKO Pictures LLC.
This File: 20 March 2010.
User: DASHBot
Source: Scan from private collection.
(Wikimedia)
In its original incarnation, as RKO Radio Pictures, Inc., it was one of the “Big Five” film studios of Hollywood’s Golden Age.
Poster for the 1931 film “Alias French Gertie”.
Date: 1 April 1930.
Source:
Author: RKO Pictures.
(Wikimedia Commons)
RCA executive David Sarnoff engineered the merger to create a market for the company’s sound-on-film technology, RCA Photophone, and in Early-1929 production began under the RKO name (an initialism of Radio-Keith-Orpheum).
Two years later, another Kennedy concern, the Pathé Studio, was folded into the operation. By the Mid-1940s, RKO was controlled by investor Floyd Odlum.
RKO has long been renowned for its cycle of musicals starring Fred Astaire and Ginger Rogers in the Mid- to Late-1930s. Actors Katharine Hepburn and, later, Robert Mitchum had their first major successes at the Studio.
RKO has long been renowned for its cycle of musicals starring Fred Astaire and Ginger Rogers in the Mid- to Late-1930s. Actors Katharine Hepburn and, later, Robert Mitchum had their first major successes at the Studio.
Cary Grant was a mainstay for years, with credits including touchstones of the screwball comedy genre with which RKO was identified.
The work of producer Val Lewton’s low-budget horror unit and RKO’s many ventures into the field now known as film noir have been acclaimed, largely after the fact, by film critics and historians.
The Studio produced two of the most famous films in motion picture history: King Kong and producer/director/star Orson Welles’s Citizen Kane.
RKO was also responsible for notable co-productions such as It's a Wonderful Life and Notorious, and it distributed many celebrated films by animation pioneer Walt Disney and leading independent producer Samuel Goldwyn.
Scan of the original publicity poster for King Kong.
Date: 1933.
Source: Here
Author: Unknown author
(Wikimedia Commons)
Though it often could not compete financially for top star and director contracts, RKO’s below-the-line personnel were among the finest, including composer Max Steiner, cinematographers Nicholas Musuraca and Gregg Toland, and designer Van Nest Polglase.
Maverick industrialist Howard Hughes took over RKO in 1948. After years of disarray and decline under his control, the Studio was acquired by the General Tire and Rubber Company in 1955.
Maverick industrialist Howard Hughes took over RKO in 1948. After years of disarray and decline under his control, the Studio was acquired by the General Tire and Rubber Company in 1955.
It soon broke new business ground as the first major Studio to sell the bulk of its film library’s TV Rights. The original RKO Pictures ceased production in 1957 and was effectively dissolved two years later.
In 1978, broadcaster RKO General, the corporate heir, launched a production subsidiary, RKO Pictures Inc., which revived the film production brand with its first theatrical releases three years later.
In 1989, this business, with its remaining assets, including the Studio trademarks and the Remake Rights to many classic RKO films, was sold to new owners.
It was re-established as the production company RKO Pictures LLC., which operated independently for thirty-five years until it was acquired by Concord Originals in 2025.
Radio City Christmas Spectacular.
Date: 30 January 2008.
Source: https://www.flickr.com/photos/
Author: wwarby
(Wikimedia Commons)
The following Text is taken from Wikipedia, and the Article can be read in full at RADIO CITY MUSIC HALL
Radio City Music Hall (also known as Radio City) is an entertainment venue and Theatre at 1260 Avenue of the Americas, within Rockefeller Center, in the Midtown Manhattan neighbourhood of New York City.
Nicknamed “The Showplace of the Nation”, it is the headquarters for The Rockettes.
Radio City Music Hall was designed by Edward Durell Stone and Donald Deskey in the Art Deco Style.
Radio City Music Hall was built on a plot of land that was originally intended for an Opera House for the Metropolitan Opera, plans for which were cancelled in 1929.
Radio City Music Hall was built on a plot of land that was originally intended for an Opera House for the Metropolitan Opera, plans for which were cancelled in 1929.
It opened on 27 December 1932, as part of the construction of Rockefeller Center. The 5,960-seat Music Hall was the larger of two venues built for Rockefeller Center’s “Radio City” section, the other being the RKO Roxy Theatre (later the Center Theatre); the “Radio City” name came to apply only to Radio City Music Hall.
It was largely successful until the 1970s, when declining patronage nearly drove the Theatre to bankruptcy.
Radio City was designated a New York City Landmark in May 1978, and it was restored and allowed to remain open. The Theater was extensively renovated in 1999.
4444.png)
The Grand Foyer,
Radio City Music Hall.
Date: 19 June 2017.
Source: Radio City Music Hall.
This File is licensed under the
2.0 Generic licence.
Author:
William Warby, London, England.
(Wikimedia Commons)
By the Late-20th-Century and Early-21st-Century, it primarily hosted concerts, including by leading pop and rock musicians, and live Stage Shows such as the Radio City Christmas Spectacular.
Radio City has also hosted televised events including the Grammy Awards, Tony Awards, the Daytime Emmy Awards, MTV Video Music Awards, and NFL draft, as well as university graduation ceremonies.
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The Dedication Of Saint Michæl The Archangel. Feast Day 29 September. White Vestments.
unless otherwise stated.
The Dedication of Saint Michæl The Archangel.
Feast Day 29 September.
Double of The First-Class.
White Vestments.
Saint Michæl The Archangel.
Illustration: UNA VOCE OF ORANGE COUNTY
Artist: René de Cramer.
“Copyright Brunelmar/Ghent/Belgium”.
Used with Permission.
Prayer to Saint Michael the Archangel.
Available on YouTube
Saint Michael the Archangel.
Available on YouTube
The Mass composed for the occasion has since been appointed for the 18th Sunday After Pentecost; it still relates to the Dedication of a Church. The present Mass was composed more recently.
The Hebrew meaning of “Michæl” is: “Who is like God ?”, and recalls the combat which took place in Heaven between “The Archangel of God, who deserved to be placed at the Head of the Heavenly Host”, and the devil.
Incredible Miracle.
U.S. Marine saved by Saint Michael the Archangel.
Available on YouTube
As we have fallen through sin into the power of Satan, it is Saint Michæl’s part to continue the fight for our deliverance (Alleluia, and Prayer after Mass); wherefore, our Guardian Angels are subordinate to him.
Saint Michæl conquers Satan’s pride and obtains humility for us. It is also he who presides over the Worship of Adoration rendered to The Most High, for he offers to God the Prayers of the Saints, symbolised by Incense, whose smoke rises towards Heaven (Offertory, Blessing of the Incense).
The Exaltation of Saint Michael the Archangel.
Available on YouTube
Mont-Saint-Michel.
Ancient Superstructure Documentary.
Available on YouTube
When a Christian has left this World, we Pray that the Standard-Bearer, Saint Michæl, should introduce the Christian into Heaven; he is also often represented with the Scales of Divine Justice, wherein Souls are weighed. His name is mentioned in the Confiteor, after that of Mary, who is The Queen of Angels.
Saint Michæl was the Protecting Angel of the Synagogue, as he is now of The Church, which has succeeded it. To him, the Liturgy attributes the Revelation of the Future, made to Saint John in the Apocalypse (Epistle).
Every Parish Priest Celebrates Mass for the people of his Parish.
Mass: Benedícite Dóminum, omnes Angeli ejus.
Saint Michæl was the Protecting Angel of the Synagogue, as he is now of The Church, which has succeeded it. To him, the Liturgy attributes the Revelation of the Future, made to Saint John in the Apocalypse (Epistle).
Every Parish Priest Celebrates Mass for the people of his Parish.
Mass: Benedícite Dóminum, omnes Angeli ejus.
Bless The Lord, all ye His Angels.
Creed. Is said.
Creed. Is said.
Prayer to Saint Michael the Archangel.
Gregorian Chant.
Available on YouTube
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