Sunday, 14 July 2013

Baroque (Part Ten).


Text and Illustrations from Wikipedia - the free encyclopaedia,
unless otherwise state.




Photo: 10 September 2012.
Source: Own work.
Author: Mattana.
(Wikimedia Commons)


Ukrainian Baroque is an architectural style that emerged in Ukraine during the Hetmanate era, in the 17th- and 18th-Centuries. Ukrainian Baroque is distinct from the Western European Baroque in having more moderate ornamentation and simpler forms, and as such was considered more constructivist. One of the unique features of the Ukrainian Baroque, was bud and pear-shaped domes, that were later borrowed by the similar Naryshkin baroque. Many Ukrainian Baroque buildings have been preserved, including several buildings in Kiev Pechersk Lavra and the Vydubychi Monastery. The best examples of Baroque painting are the Church paintings in the Holy Trinity Church of the Kiev Pechersk Lavra. Rapid development in engraving techniques occurred during the Ukrainian Baroque period. Advances utilised a complex system of symbolism, allegories, heraldic signs, and sumptuous ornamentation.


File:Collégiale Saint-Martin (la Brigue).jpg


English: Interior of the Collegiale Saint-Martin, in la Brigue, Alpes-Maritimes, France.
Français: Intérieur de la collégiale Saint-Martin à la Brigue, Alpes-Maritimes.
Photo: 30 March 2011.
Source: Own work.
Author: Tangopaso.
(Wikimedia Commons)


During the golden age of the Swedish Empire, the architecture of Nordic countries was dominated by the Swedish Court architect, Nicodemus Tessin the Elder, and his son, Nicodemus Tessin the Younger. Their aesthetic was readily adopted across the Baltic, in Copenhagen and Saint Petersburg.

Born in Germany, Tessin the Elder endowed Sweden with a truly national style, a well-balanced mixture of contemporary French and Mediaeval Hanseatic elements. His designs for the Royal Manor of Drottningholm seasoned French prototypes with Italian elements, while retaining some peculiarly Nordic features, such as the hipped roof (säteritak).


File:Hochaltar1.jpg


Deutsch: Hochaltar in der Pfarrkirche Sant Stephan, Tulln.
English: The High Altar in the Church of Saint Stephen, Tulln, Austria.
Photo: September 2003 (11 November 2007 (original upload date)).
Source: Transferred from de.wikipedia; transferred to Commons by User:NeverDoING 
using CommonsHelper. (Original text : FOTOREPORT.at).
Author: Hannes Sallmutter. Original uploader was Sallmutter at de.wikipedia.
Permission: Released under the GNU Free Documentation License.
(Wikimedia Commons)


Tessin the Younger shared his father's enthusiasm for discrete Palace façades. His design for the Stockholm Palace draws so heavily on Bernini's unexecuted plans for the Louvre that one could well imagine it standing in Naples, Vienna, or Saint Petersburg. Another example of the so-called International Baroque, based on Roman models with little concern for national specifics, is the Royal Palace of Madrid. The same approach is manifested is Tessin's polychrome domeless Kalmar Cathedral, a skilful pastiche of early Italian Baroque, clothed in a giant order of paired Ionic pilasters.


File:Salzburg, Salzburger Dom, Exterior 002.JPG


Salzburg Cathedral.
Photo: 24 July 2012.
Source: Own work.
Author: Mattana.
(Wikimedia Commons)


File:Salzburg, Salzburger Dom, Vault 018.JPG


Roof Vaulting, Salzburg Cathedral.
Photo: 22 July 2012.
Source: Own work.
Author: Mattana.
(Wikimedia Commons)


It was not until the Mid-18th-Century, that Danish and Russian architecture were emancipated from Swedish influence. A milestone of this late period is Nicolai Eigtved's design for a new district of Copenhagen centred on the Amalienborg Palace. The Palace is composed of four rectangular Mansions for the four greatest nobles of the kingdom, arranged across the angles of an octagonal square. The restrained façades of the Mansions hark back to French antecedents, while their interiors contain some of the finest Rococo decoration in Northern Europe.


File:Großgmain Liebfrauenkirche - Innenraum.jpg


English: Großgmain (Salzburg). Church of Our Lady. Baroque interior by Tobias Kendler (1731).
Deutsch: Großgmain (Salzburg). Liebfrauenkirche. Barocker Innenraum von Tobias Kendler (1731).
Photo: 17 August 2010.
Source: Own work.
Author: Wolfgang Sauber.
(Wikimedia Commons)


Istanbul, once the capital of the Ottoman Empire, hosts many different varieties of Baroque architecture. As reforms and innovations to modernise the country came out in the 18th- and 19th-Century, various architecture styles were used in Turkey, one of them was the Baroque Style. As Turkish architecture (which is also a combination of Islamic and Byzantine architecture) combined with Baroque, a new style called Ottoman Baroque appeared. Baroque architecture is mostly seen in mosques and Palaces built in these centuries. The Ortaköy Mosque, is one of the best examples of Ottoman Baroque Architecture. The Tanzimat Era caused more architectural development. The architectural change continued with Sultan Mahmud II, one of the most reformist sultans in Turkish History. One of his sons, Sultan Abdülmecid, and his family, left the Topkapı Palace and moved to the Dolmabahçe Palace, which is the first European-style Palace in the country.


File:Braunau am Inn, St Stephan 01.JPG


English: Church of Saint Stephen, Braunau-am-Inn, Austria.
Photo: 26 March 2011.
Source: Eigenes Werk (Own work).
Author: Mattana.
(Wikimedia Commons)


File:Braunau am Inn1.jpg


English: Braunau-am-Inn with the Stadtpfarrkirche Saint Stephan 
and the Old City Wall in view. This is a 4 x 2 segment panorama.
Deutsch: Braunau-am-Inn mit Blick auf die Stadtpfarrkirche St. Stephan 
und die alte Stadtmauer. Hierbei handelt es sich um ein 4x2 segmentiertes Panorama.
Datum/Date: 2007-03-02T17:45+01:00 ISO 8601.
Source: Eigenes Werk (Own work).
Author: Philipp Mayer.
(Wikimedia Commons)


Baroque architecture in Istanbul was mostly used in Palaces near the Bosphorus and Golden Horn. Beyoğlu was one of the places that Baroque and other European style architecture buildings were largely used. The famous streets called Istiklal Avenue, Nişantaşı, and Bankalar Caddesi, consist of these architecture style apartments. The Ottoman flavour gives it its unique atmosphere, which also distinguishes it from the later "colonial" Baroque styles, largely used in the Middle East, especially Lebanon. Later, and more mature, Baroque forms in Istanbul can be found in the gates of the Dolmabahçe Palace which also has a very "Eastern" flavour, combining Baroque, Romantic, and Oriental architecture.


File:Antwerp, Cathédrale Notre-Dame 03.JPG


Photo: 27 March 2011.
Source: Own work.
Author: Mattana.
(Wikimedia Commons)


File:Antwerp, Cathédrale Notre-Dame 06.JPG


Photo: 27 March 2011.
Source: Own work.
Author: Mattana.
(Wikimedia Commons)


File:Antwerp, Cathédrale Notre-Dame 13.JPG


Photo: 27 March 2011.
Source: Own work.
Author: Mattana.
(Wikimedia Commons)


THIS ENDS THE ARTICLE ON BAROQUE ARCHITECTURE.


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