Saturday, 31 August 2024

Albi Cathedral, France (Part Two).



Albi Cathedral’s modern-day Altar.
Photo: 22 February 2014.
Source: Imported from 500px (archived version)
Photographer: Pierre Selim Huard.
(Wikimedia Commons)


Text from Wikipedia - the free encyclopædia,
unless stated otherwise.

While building the Cathedral, he also began construction of a new Bishop’s Palace and other supporting buildings.[7]

One result of the battle against the Cathars was the fortress-like appearance of the Cathedral of Albi. It was intended to illustrate the power of the Bishop, his unity with the King, and his fierce resistance against heresy and Religious enemies.[7]

The Cathedral was constructed, beginning with an Apse at the East End and building West, through The Choir, between 1282 and 1300.


Albi Cathedral's 15th-Century statue, in the Choir, 
of Saint Jude, Patron Saint of hopeless causes.
Photo: 4 August 2021.
Source: Own work.
(Wikimedia Commons)

This file is copyrighted and has been released under a licence which is incompatible with Facebook's licensing terms. It is not permitted to upload this file at Facebook.


Bernard de Castanet died in 1317. The Nave Walls were built, topped by channels to carry off rain water, between about 1310 and 1340, followed by the base of the Bell Tower, built between 1355 and 1366, and the construction of the Vaults over the Nave. Work on the Nave was completed about 1330.[8]

A new Bishop, Dominique de Florence (in Office 1397–1410), completed the monumental Portal on the West side. There was a long lull before construction resumed again under another Bishop, Louis d’Amboise (1474–1505), a Counsellor of Louis XI of France and Charles VIII of France.

The Cathedral was finally Consecrated on 23 April 1480. A Cross, placed on the West Wall on that date, commemorates that event.[9]


Albi Cathedral's Nave.
Photo: 4 August 2021.
Source: Own work.
(Wikimedia Commons)

This file is copyrighted and has been released under a licence which is incompatible with Facebook's licensing terms. It is not permitted to upload this file at Facebook.


The most important new decorative project was the Rood Screen, or Choir Screen (“Jubé” in French), a highly-Ornamental Screen which surrounded the entire Choir, the area reserved for the Clergy, separating it from the Nave and Aisles.

It was made between 1474 and 1483, covered five traverses of the Cathedral, and assured privacy for their Services while other activities were going on within the Cathedral.[9]

It was enclosed in a Grill, decorated with flamboyant double-curved flame motifs, and was richly decorated with sculpture depicting the life of Saint Cecilia.[10]


The Pipe Organ and Nave Ceiling of Albi Cathedral.
Photo: 4 August 2021.
Source: Own work.
(Wikimedia Commons)

This file is copyrighted and has been released under a licence which is incompatible with Facebook's licensing terms. It is not permitted to upload this file at Facebook.


Construction and decoration continued throughout the rest of the 15th-Century, with the completion of the Tower, seventy-eight metres high, in 1493, and the addition of Tribunes (Galleries), which divided the elevation of the Chapels between the Buttresses.

The most important art added in the Late-15th-Century was the enormous Mural of The Last Judgement, on the interior of the West facade, fifteen metres high and eighteen metres wide.


English: Detail of the West façade of The Most Holy Trinity AbbeyVendôme, France, highlighting the flame-like motifs associated with the Flamboyant Style (completed 1507). The Flamboyant Style is in evidence in Albi Cathedral.
Deutsch: Tympanon des Hauptportals der Abteikirche der Heiligsten Dreifaltigkeit, Vendôme, Frankreich.
Photo: 3 June 2018.
Source: Own work.
Author: Zairon
(Wikimedia Commons)


PART THREE FOLLOWS.

4 comments:

  1. Thank you, Zephyrinus, for documenting this immensely beautiful and ancient cathedral in the historic city of Albi, France.

    The understandably fortress-like appearance is quite reminiscent of another cathedral we’ve discussed in the past, the Cathedral of Tongerin, Belgium. It’s stout appearance is a reminder that although often we think that our own times are the most troubled times, yet we have no awareness of how terrible and war-torn previous ages were— And yet the Catholic Faith endured. Which is why it’s always so important to pray unceasingly for “the peace and well-being of Holy Mother Church.”

    —Comment by Dante P

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  2. Now, for the important “stuff:” The immense pipe organ case perched high in the loft of the Albi Cathedral contains a very large recently rebuilt (1971; 1977) pipe organ which components and case originally dated from the 1700s. It was transformed in the late 19th century into a classic French Romantic sounding organ with many 8’ fundamental flute, string, and diapason (the French call them “Montre’s”) stops.

    “ This gigantic organ (width : 16.2 m) has been restored by Francois & Jean-Francois Lepine (1747), Joseph Isnard (1779), Antoine Peyroulous (1824).
    It was then transformed into a romantic organ by Claude brothers (1840), Thibault Maucourt (1865), Puget Co. (1904). After the study of the Historic Organ Committee in 1960s, they confirmed a restoration to a classic instrument by [the German Firm] Schwenkedel in 1971 and by [the Italian firm ] Formentelli in 1977 who restored it in 1981.” From: https://mypipeorganhobby.blogspot.com/2009/01/albi-cathedral-france.html?m=1

    The site also has some excellent audio examples of the 18 stops of growling French style Trompettes and other reeds on this magnificent instrument.

    The same site also lists the quite amazing number of “mixture” stops: on each keyboard: so as many people know, these are multiple ranks of high-pitched pipes linked to a single organ drawknob, usually of 2’ and higher pitch (“Fourniture”, “Cornet,” & “Cymbale”), however, in the French style, these are not screechy, penetrating shrill sounds, but add aural brilliance to the overall organ tone. (We in the Colonies could have our organ builders learn greatly from this concept: Here in the said Colonies, they often seem to think that loud shrieking high-pitched stops create an ensemble of “brilliance” to the organ sound. In more likely contributes to potential permanent hearing loss. Aaargh.) -Comment by Dante P

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  3. Part 2: Albi Cathedral Schwenkedel-Formentelli pipe organ specifications: (5 manuals, including Echo Division, and Pedal):

    Specification

    I Positif dorsal (C1, D1-D5)

    Montre 8'
    Bourdon 8'
    Prestant 4'
    Flute a cheminee 4'
    Nazard 2' 2/3
    Doublette 2'
    Tierce 1' 3/5
    Larigot 1' 1/3
    Cornet V ranks (C3-D5)
    Fourniture VI ranks NB1
    Trompette 8'
    Cromorne 8'
    Clairon 4'

    II Grand orgue (C1, D1-D5)

    Montre 16'
    Bourdon 16'
    Montre 8'
    Bourdon 8'
    Prestant 4'
    Flute a cheminee 4'
    Grosse tierce 3' 1/5
    Nazard 2' 2/3
    Doublette 2'
    Quarte de nazard 2'
    Tierce 1' 3/5
    Cornet V ranks (C3-D5)
    Fourniture V ranks (2' 2/3)
    Cymbale V ranks (1')
    Bombarde 16'
    Premiere trompette 8'
    Deuxieme trompette 8'
    Clairon 4'

    III Bombarde (C1, D1-D5)

    Cornet V ranks (C3-D5)
    Bombarde 16'
    Premiere trompette 8'
    Deuxieme trompette 8'
    Trompette 8' (C3-D5) NB3
    Voix humaine 8'
    Clairon 4'

    IV Recit (C3-D5)

    Flute 8'
    Cornet V ranks
    Trompette 8'
    Hautbois 8'


    V Echo (C2-D5)

    Bourdon 8'
    Prestant 4'
    Nazard 2' 2/3
    Quarte de nazard 2'
    Tierce 1' 3/5
    Fourniture III NB2
    Cromorne 8'

    Pedale (C1, A0, D1-F3) NB4

    Flute 16' (A0)
    Flute 8' (A0)
    Flute 4' (A0)
    Bombarde 16'
    Trompette 8'
    Clairon 4'

    Note by Dante P.

    ReplyDelete
    Replies
    1. An outstanding and complete study from our renowned Organ Correspondent, Dante P, of the Great Organ at Albi Cathedral.

      Zephyrinus is delighted that this Blog is fast gaining international recognition from Organ buffs all over the World. They all regularly pop in to see what Dante P's latest contribution is.

      Albi Cathedral is, indeed, a World-famous edifice and well-worth visiting.

      Delete