Notre Dame de Rouen. The façade of the Gothic Church in France. Photographer: Hippo1947. Licence: SHUTTERSTOCK.

Tuesday 17 September 2019

Ice-Cutter. Rat-Catcher. Lamp-Lighter. Bowling-Alley-Pinsetter. Switch-Board-Operator. Knocker-Upper. Jobs From Yesteryear.


This Article is taken from, and can be read in full at, SHARENATOR




Ice Cutters: These were men who cut the ice from frozen lakes. Once cut up, they
would transfer their product to the ice delivery men. These ice cutters worked in extreme conditions. Most of them were  happy when more started using the refrigerator
for keeping their food safe.



Rat-Catchers: Keeping the rat population under control was practised in Europe
to prevent the spread of diseases to man, most notoriously The Black Plague
and to prevent damage to food supplies.



Lamplighter: Was a person who would go around the City, at night, and light
all of the Lamps by hand. They usually held out a long Pole,
with a Wick on the end, to light the Street Lamps.


03368u1 - jobs that have gone extinct

Bowling Alley Pinsetter: Before Bowling Alleys had machines
to reset their Pins, there were people who did it, called “Pinsetters”.
It was typically a Teenagers job and paid very little.


photograph women working bell system telephone switchboard

Switchboard Operator: Up until three decades ago, Switchboard Operators were important players in the Telecommunications industry. They were needed to make
Long Distance Calls and to manage Busy Circuits. But with the advent of Digitised Telecommunications, Switchboard Operators had to find new jobs. These days,
making Long Distance Calls can be done on your Mobile Phone.



Knocker-Upper: A Knocker-Upper's job was to rouse sleeping people, so they could get to work on time. The Knocker-Upper used a Truncheon, or short, heavy Stick, to knock on the clients' doors, or a long, and light, Stick, often made of Bamboo, to reach windows on higher floors. At least one of them used a Pea-Shooter. In return, the Knocker-Upper would be paid a few Pence (Cents) a week. The Knocker-Upper would not leave a client's window until they were sure that the client was awake.


“Time to get up !!!”.


Making sure that the Client gets up in time for work.

Monday 16 September 2019

Saints Euphemia, Lucy, And Geminianus. Martyrs. Feast Day 16 September.


Text from The Saint Andrew Daily Missal,
unless stated otherwise.

Saints Euphemia, Lucy, And Geminianus.
   Martyrs.
   Feast Day 16 September.

Simple.

Red Vestments.



"At Chalcedon," says The Roman Martyrology, "the birth in Heaven of Saint Euphemia, Virgin and Martyr, who was condemned to the wild beasts." This happened in 307 A.D.

"At Rome, The Holy Martyrs Lucy, a noble lady, and Geminianus, who were beheaded by order of Emperor Diocletian, about 300 A.D.

Mass: Intret. Of several Martyrs.

Saint Cornelius And Saint Cyprian. Bishops And Martyrs. Feast Day 16 September.


Text from The Saint Andrew Daily Missal,
unless otherwise stated.

Saint Cornelius And Saint Cyprian.
   Bishops And Martyrs.
   Feast Day 16 September.

Semi-Double.

Red Vestments.




English: Saint Cornelius. Pope and Martyr.
Deutsch: Ausstattung der ehemaligen Seitenaltäre der Meßkircher
St. Martinskirche, Standflügel: Heiliger Cornelius als Papst und Märtyrer.
Artist: Meister von Meßkirch (1500–1543).
Date: 1535-1540.
Current location: Staatsgalerie Stuttgart, Germany.
Source/Photographer: Eingescannt aus: Anna Moraht-Fromm und Hans Westhoff:
Der Meister von Meßkirch – Forschungen zur südwestdeutschen
Malerei des 16. Jahrhunderts, Ulm, 1997, S. 190.
(Wikimedia Commons)

Cornelius was a Roman and was Sovereign Pontiff under the Emperors Gallus and Volusian. He had to oppose Novatian, the first Anti-Pope. He took from the Catacomb of Saint Sebastian, where they had rested some forty years, the bodies of the Apostles Peter and Paul and Translated them to the places where they had suffered Martyrdom.

He was arrested by order of the Emperors and beheaded in 253 A.D.



English: Saint Cyprian. Bishop and Martyr.
Deutsch: Ausstattung der ehemaligen Seitenaltäre der Meßkircher
St. Martinskirche, Standflügel: als Bischof und Märtyrer.
Artist: Meister von Meßkirch (1500–1543).
Date: 1535-1540.
Current location: Staatsgalerie Stuttgart, Germany.
Source/Photographer: Eingescannt aus: Anna Moraht-Fromm und Hans Westhoff:
Der Meister von Meßkirch – Forschungen zur südwestdeutschen
Malerei des 16. Jahrhunderts, Ulm, 1997, S. 190.
(Wikimedia Commons)

Cyprian was a Barrister at Carthage, when he was converted to Christianity. A short time afterwards, he was Ordained a Priest and became Bishop of Carthage. "It would be superfluous," says Saint Jerome, "to speak of his genius, since his works are more brilliant than the Sun."

This illustrious Father of The Latin Church lived in one of the most troublous periods for The Church in Africa. He was Martyred five years after Saint Cornelius on the day when this Holy Pope's remains were Translated to Rome. That explains why their names are united by The Liturgy of The Canon of The Mass (First List).

Mass: Intret. Of Several Martyrs.
Commemoration of The Holy Martyrs: Saints Euphemia, Lucy, and Geminianus.

Gloucester Cathedral (Cathedral Church Of Saint Peter And The Holy And Indivisible Trinity). Building Began 1089. (Part One).



Text from Wikipedia - the free encyclopedia,
unless stated otherwise.


Gloucester Cathedral Tower, at Sunset.
Picture taken from Gloucester Cathedral Web-Site at http://www.gloucestercathedral.org.uk/
(Photos of Gloucester Cathedral are taken by Angelo Hornak, Richard Cann,
Chris Smith, Esther Platten, Gloucester Cathedral and Gilmere Ltd).


Gloucester Cathedral, or, The Cathedral Church of Saint Peter and The Holy and Indivisible Trinity, in Gloucester, England, stands in The North of the City, near the River. It originated in 678 A.D., or, 679 A.D. with the Foundation of an Abbey Dedicated to Saint Peter (Dissolved by King Henry VIII).

The Foundations of the present Church were laid by Abbot Serlo (1072–1104). Walter Gloucester (♰1412), the Abbey's historian, became its first Mitred Abbot in 1381. Until 1541, Gloucester lay in The See of Worcester, but a separate See was then constituted, with John Wakeman, last Abbot of Tewkesbury, as its first Bishop.

The Diocese covers the greater part of Gloucestershire, with small parts of Herefordshire and Wiltshire. The Cathedral has a Stained-Glass Window containing the earliest images of Golf. This dates from 1350, over 300 years earlier than the earliest image of Golf from Scotland. There is also a carved image of people playing a Ball Game, believed by some to be one of the earliest images of Mediæval Football.


Construction and Architecture.

The Cathedral, built as the Abbey Church, consists of a Norman nucleus (Walter de Lacy is buried there), with additions in every style of Gothic Architecture. It is 420 feet (130 m) long, and 144 feet (44 m) wide, with a fine Central Tower (15th-Century) rising to a height of 225 ft (69 m) and topped by four delicate Pinnacles, a famous landmark.

The Nave is Norman, with an Early-English Roof; The Crypt, under The Choir, Aisles and Chapels, is Norman, as is The Chapter House. The Crypt is one of the four Apsidal Cathedral Crypts in England, the others being at Worcester, Winchester and Canterbury.


Gloucester Cathedral
(Cathedral Church of Saint Peter and The Holy and Indivisible Trinity).
Foundation work began on the Church in 1089.
Picture from Wikimedia Commons.
Author: Saffron Blaze


The South Porch is in The Perpendicular Style, with a Fan-Vaulted Roof, as also is The North Transept, The South Transept being Transitional Decorated Gothic. The Choir has Perpendicular Tracery over Norman Work, with an Apsidal Chapel on each side: The Choir Vaulting is particularly rich.

The Late-Decorated East Window is partly filled with surviving Mediæval Stained Glass. Between the Apsidal Chapels, is a Cross Lady Chapel, and, North of The Nave, are The Cloisters, The Carrels, or, Stalls, for the Monks' study and writing, lying to The South.

The Cloisters at Gloucester Cathedral are the earliest surviving Fan Vaults, having been designed between 1351 and 1377 by Thomas de Cambridge.

The most notable Monument is the Canopied Shrine of King Edward II of England, who was murdered at nearby Berkeley Castle. The building and sanctuary were enriched by the visits of Pilgrims to this Shrine. In a Side-Chapel is a Monument, in coloured Bog Oak, of Robert Curthose, eldest son of William the Conqueror and a great benefactor of The Abbey, who is interred there. Monuments of Bishop Warburton and Dr Edward Jenner are also worthy of note.

Between 1873 and 1890, and in 1897, The Cathedral was extensively restored by Sir George Gilbert Scott.


Misericords.

The Cathedral has forty-six 14th-Century Misericords and twelve 19th-Century replacements by George Gilbert Scott. Both types have a wide range of subject matter: Mythology, everyday occurrences, religious symbolism and folklore.


Gloucester Cathedral (South Cloister).
These Cloisters, with Fan Vaulting, were used extensively in the Harry Potter film series.
Author of this Photo is William Avery
Picture taken May 2007.


The Three Choirs Festival.

An annual Music Festival, The Three Choirs Festival, is hosted, in rotation, in this Cathedral and those of Worcester and Hereford. The Three Choirs Festival is the oldest annual Music Festival in the World. More information on the Festival can be found at Three Choirs Festival.


PART TWO FOLLOWS.

Sunday 15 September 2019

Saint Nicomedes. Martyr. Feast Day, Today, 15 September.


Text from The Saint Andrew Daily Missal,
unless stated otherwise.

Saint Nicomedes.
   Martyr.
   Feast Day 15 September.

Simple.

Red Vestments.



"At Rome," says The Roman Martyrology, "on The Nomentanian Way, the birth in Heaven of Blessed Nicomedes, Priest and Martyr."

Having said to those who tried to force him to sacrifice: "For me, I only sacrifice to The All-Powerful God, Who reigns in Heaven", he was beaten with thongs covered with Lead and, during this long torture, he gave up his Soul to God.

He died in the First-Century A.D., under the Emperor Domitian.

Mass: In virtute.


The following Text is from Wikipedia - the free encyclopædia.

Saint Nicomedes was a Martyr of unknown era, whose Feast is observed 15 September.

The Roman Martyrologium and the historical Martyrologies of Bede and his imitators place the Feast on this date. The Gregorian Sacramentary contains under the same date The Orations for his Mass. The name does not appear in the three oldest and most important Manuscripts of The Martyrologium Hieronymianum, but was inserted in later recensions ("Martyrol. Hieronymianum", ed. G. B. de Rossi-L. Duchesne, in Acta SS., November II, 121). The Saint is without doubt a Martyr of The Roman Church.



He was buried in a Catacomb on The Via Nomentana, near the Gate of that name. Three 7th-Century A.D. Itineraries make explicit reference to his grave, and Pope Adrian I restored the Church built over it (De Rossi, Roma Sotterranea, I, 178-79).

A Titular Church of Rome, mentioned in the 5th-Century A.D., was Dedicated to him (titulus S. Nicomedis). The Feast of The Dedication of his Church on 1 June, alongside the 15 September Feast of his Martyrdom, were included in The Sarum Rite Calendars, but only the 1 June Feast Day was carried over into The Anglican Book of Common Prayer as a “Lesser Holy Day” or “Black-Letter Day”.

Nothing is known of the circumstances of his death. The legend of the Martyrdom of Saints Nereus and Achilleus introduces him as a Presbyter and places his death at the end of the 1st-Century A.D. Other recensions of the Martyrdom of Saint Nicomedes ascribe the sentence of death to The Emperor Maximianus (beginning of the 4th-Century A.D.).

The Seven Sorrows Of The Blessed Virgin Mary. Feast Day 15 September.


Text from The Saint Andrew Daily Missal,
unless otherwise stated.

The Seven Sorrows of The Blessed Virgin Mary.
   Feast Day 15 September.

Double of The Second-Class.

White Vestments.



Artist: René de Cramer.
"Copyright Brunelmar/Ghent/Belgium".
Used with Permission.


The Sorrowful Mother.
Illustration: OUR LADY'S TEARS

Mary stood at The Foot of The Cross where Jesus was hanging (Introit, Gradual, Alleluia, Sequence, Gospel) and, as Simeon had Prophesied (Collect), a Sword of Sorrow pierced her Soul (Secret). Powerless, "she saw her Sweet Child desolate in the anguish of death, and she received His Last Breath" (Sequence).

The compassion which her Maternal Heart felt at The Foot of The Cross obtained for her as its reward The Palm of Martyrdom without death (Communion).

This Feast was Celebrated with great Solemnity by The Servites in the 17th-Century. In 1817, it was extended by Pope Pius VII to the whole Church, so as to recall the sufferings she had undergone in the person of her exiled and captive head [Editor: The Pope], delivered by the protection of The Blessed Virgin.


The Seven Sorrows Rosary.
Available on YouTube at


Our Lady of Sorrows.
Artist: Simon Vouet (1590 - 1649).
Illustration: PINTEREST

Just as the first Feast of The Sorrows of Mary, in Passiontide, shows us how she had her share in The Sacrifice of Jesus, the second Feast, in The Season after Pentecost, tells us of all the compassion which The Mother of The Saviour feels for The Church, The Spouse of Jesus, who is crucified in her turn [Editor: The Church] and whose Devotion to The Sorrows of Mary increases in these calamitous times.

His Holiness Pope Saint Pius X, in 1908, raised this Feast to the Rank of a Solemnity of The Second-Class.

Mass: Stabant juxta crucem.
Sequence: Stabat Mater.
Commemoration: (Low Mass) Saint Nicomedes (Martyr).
Preface: Of The Blessed Virgin Mary (Et te in Transfixione).

The Seven Sorrows Of The Blessed Virgin Mary. Feast Day 15 September.



The Seven Sorrows of The Virgin.
Artist: Albrecht Dürer (1471–1528).
Date: Circa 1496.
Current location: Alte Pinakothek, Munich, Germany.
Source/Photographer: Web Gallery of Art.
(Wikimedia Commons)

Saturday 14 September 2019

Gloucester Cathedral (Cathedral Church Of Saint Peter And The Holy And Indivisible Trinity). Construction Began In 1089.



The Cloisters, Gloucester Cathedral.
Illustration: GLOUCESTER CATHEDRAL


Over 800 Years Since The Coronation Of King Henry III
At Gloucester Cathedral In 1216.

Zephyrinus will shortly embark upon an in-depth history of the magnificent edifice of Gloucester Cathedral.

Part One will be Posted, soon.


The Royal Arms of England
(1198 - 1340).
Date: 20 July 2010.
Source: Own work.
Author: Sodacan.
(Wikimedia Commons)


King Henry III.
Illustration: MEDIEVAL-CASTLE.COM



Gloucester Cathedral
(Cathedral Church of Saint Peter and The Holy and Indivisible Trinity),
Gloucester, England. Foundation work began on the Church in 1089.
Date: 4 June 2011.
Source: Own work.
Author: Saffron Blaze
Attribution: Saffron Blaze, via http://www.mackenzie.co
(Wikimedia Commons)



The High Altar and Stained-Glass Windows of Gloucester Cathedral,
Gloucestershire, England.
Photo: 9 July 2014.
Source: Own work.
Author: Diliff.
Attribution: "Photo by DAVID ILIFF.
License: CC-BY-SA 3.0"
(Wikimedia Commons)




The Cloisters,
Gloucester Cathedral,
Gloucestershire, England.
Photo: 9 July 2014.
Source: Own work.
Author: Diliff.
Attribution: "Photo by DAVID ILIFF.
License: CC-BY-SA 3.0"
(Wikimedia Commons)

The Exaltation Of The Holy Cross. Feast Day, Today, 14 September.



Text from The Saint Andrew Daily Missal,
unless otherwise stated.

The Exaltation of The Holy Cross.
   Feast Day 14 September.

Greater-Double.

Red Vestments.




The Exaltation of The Holy Cross.
Artist: René de Cramer.
"Copyright Brunelmar/Ghent/Belgium".
Used with Permission.





English: The High Altar, Church of The Holy Cross, Regensburg, Germany.
Deutsch: Altar Heilig Kreuz.
Photo: 23 July 2015.
Source: Own work.
Author: Dirsch
(Wikimedia Commons)




The Exaltation of The Holy Cross.
Solemn Pontifical Mass in The Extraordinary Form of The Roman Rite in Thanksgiving for the 10th Anniversary of Summorum Pontificum. Celebrated by The Most Rev’d Joseph N. Perry, Auxiliary to The Archbishop of Chicago at The Cathedral Basilica of Saints Peter and Paul, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania. 14 September 2017.
Available on YouTube at

On 14 September 335 A.D., there took place The Dedication of Constantine's Basilica, which enclosed both Calvary and The Holy Sepulchre. "At this date," says Etheria, "The Cross was discovered. And the Anniversary is Celebrated with as much Solemnity as Easter or The Epiphany."

Such was the origin of The Feast of The Exaltation of The Cross. "When I shall be raised on high, I shall draw everything unto Me" (Gospel), Jesus had said.

It is because The Saviour humbled Himself, being obedient even to the Death of The Cross, that God exalted Him and gave Him a name above all other names (Epistle). Wherefore, we must glory in The Cross of Jesus, for He is our Life and our Salvation (Introit) and He protects His servants against the wiles of their enemies (Offertory, Communion, Postcommunion).


Towards the end of the reign of Phocas [Editor: Byzantine Emperor, 602 A.D. - 610 A.D.], Chosroes, King of Persia, says the legend of The Breviary, took Jerusalem, where he put to death several thousand Christians and carried off to Persia The Cross of Our Lord Jesus Christ, which Saint Helen had placed on Mount Calvary.

Heraclius, the successor of Phocas, had recourse to many Fasts and Prayers, imploring with great fervour the help of God. He assembled an army and defeated Chosroes. He then insisted on the restitution of The Cross of The Lord.

Thus, the precious Relic was recovered after an interval of fourteen years. On his return to Jerusalem, Heraclius carried it on his shoulders, in great pomp, to the Mount where the Saviour, Himself, had borne it (629 A.D.).


An extraordinary Miracle marked the occasion. Heraclius, who was loaded with ornaments of gold and precious stones, was held back by an invisible force at the entrance gate of Mount Calvary, and vain were his efforts to enter.

As the Emperor and all those who witnessed the scene were astonished, Zacharias, Bishop of Jerusalem, said to him: "Consider, Oh, Emperor, that, with these triumphal ornaments, you are far from imitating the poverty of Jesus Christ and His humility in bearing His Cross."

Heraclius, thereupon, doffed his splendid garb and walked barefoot with a common cloak on his shoulders to Calvary, where he again deposited The Cross. The Feast of The Exaltation of The Holy Cross on the original spot, the Anniversary of which was Celebrated on this day, became of great importance.


Let us join, in spirit, The Faithful, who, in the Church of The Holy Cross, at Rome, Venerate on this day the Relics of The Sacred Wood, exposed for the occasion, so that, having been privileged to adore it on this Feast, when we rejoice for its Exaltation, we may, likewise, possess for all Eternity the Salvation and Glory that The Cross has won for us (Collect, Secret).

Mass: Nos autem gloriari oportet in Cruce Domini nostri Jesu Christi.
(But it behoves us to glory in The Cross of Our Lord Jesus Christ).
Creed.
Preface: Of The Holy Cross.




“The Exaltation of The Holy Cross”,
This File: 14 April 2005.
(Wikimedia Commons)



The following Text is from Wikipedia - the free encyclopaedia.

In Roman Catholic Liturgical Observance, Red Vestments are worn at Church Services conducted on this day, and, if the day falls on a Sunday, its Mass Readings are used instead of that for the occurring Sunday in Ordinary Time. The Lectionary of The Church of England (and other Anglican Churches) also stipulates Red as the Liturgical Colour for "Holy Cross Day".

14 September is The Titular Feast of The Congregation Of Holy Cross, The Companions Of The Cross and The Episcopal Church's Order Of The Holy Cross. This date also marked the beginning of the period of Fasting, except on Sundays, and ending on Easter Sunday, that was stipulated for Carmelites in The Carmelite Rule Of Saint Albert of 1247.

The Rule Of Saint Benedict also prescribes this day as the beginning of Monastic Winter (i.e., the period when there are three Nocturns of Psalms and Readings at Matins), which also ends at Easter.


THE SAINT ANDREW DAILY MISSAL



THE SAINT ANDREW DAILY MISSAL

Available (in U.K.) from

Available (in U.S.A.) from

Friday 13 September 2019

Solemn Mass For The Feast Of The Exaltation Of The Holy Cross. The Shrine Of The Blessed Sacrament, Raritan, New Jersey.

“Rocky Mountain High”. Sung By John Denver. Happy Days.



“Rocky Mountain High”.
Sung by: John Denver.
Available on YouTube at


Text from Wikipedia - the free encyclopaedia.

Henry John Deutschendorf Jr. (31 December 1943 – 12 October 1997), known professionally as John Denver, was an American singer-songwriter, record producer, actor, activist, and humanitarian, whose greatest commercial success was as a solo singer. After travelling and living in numerous locations while growing up in his military family, Denver began his music career with folk music groups during the Late-1960s.

Starting in the 1970s, he was one of the most popular acoustic artists of the decade and one of its best-selling artists. By 1974, he was one of America's best-selling performers, and AllMusic has described Denver as "among the most beloved entertainers of his era".

Denver recorded and released approximately 300 songs, about 200 of which he composed, with total sales of over 33 million records worldwide. He recorded and performed primarily with an acoustic guitar and sang about his joy in nature, his disdain for city life, his enthusiasm for music, and his relationship trials.

Denver's music appeared on a variety of charts, including country music, the Billboard Hot 100, and adult contemporary, in all earning twelve gold and four platinum albums with his signature songs "Take Me Home, Country Roads", "Annie's Song", "Rocky Mountain High", "Calypso", "Thank God I'm a Country Boy", and "Sunshine on My Shoulders".


Denver appeared in several films and television specials during the 1970s and 1980s. He continued to record in the 1990s, also focusing on environmental issues by lending vocal support to space exploration and testifying in front of Congress in protest against censorship in music.

He lived in Aspen, Colorado, for much of his life where he was known for his love of Colorado. In 1974, Denver was named poet laureate of the State. The Colorado State Legislature also adopted "Rocky Mountain High" as one of its two State Songs in 2007.

An avid pilot, Denver died at the age of fifty-three in a single-fatality crash while piloting his recently -purchased light plane.
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