Notre Dame de Rouen. The façade of the Gothic Church in France. Photographer: Hippo1947. Licence: SHUTTERSTOCK.

Sunday 30 October 2022

The Feast Day Of All Saints (1 November) And The Feast Day Of All Souls (2 November).



Illustration: OFFERIMUS TIBI DOMINE


The Forerunners of Christ
with Saints and Martyrs.
Artist: Fra Angelico (1395 –1455).
Date: 1420s.
This File: 31 October 2007.
(Wikimedia Commons)

Tuesday, 1 November 2022.
All Saints’ Day.

A Holy Day Of Obligation.
Where Will You Go To Mass ?

All Saints’ Day, also known as All Hallows’ Day, Hallowmas, The Feast of All Saints, or, The Solemnity of All Saints.



“All Souls’ Day”.
Artist: Jakub Schikaneder (1855–1924).
Date: 1888.
Source/Photographer: Ophelia2
(Wikimedia Commons)

Wednesday, 2 November 2022.
All Souls’ Day.

Let us, on this day, be present at The Holy Sacrifice of The Mass, when The Church implores God to grant to The Faithful Departed, who can now do nothing for themselves, the remission of all their sins and Eternal Rest.

And let us visit the Cemeteries, where their bodies repose,
and Pray for them. To recite the “De Profundis” (Psalm 129) (The Prayer For The Dead), at the graves, would be a wonderful Act of Charity.

The Holy See granted a Plenary Indulgence on All Souls’ Day, “Toties Quoties” [Editor: Repeatedly. An Indulgence in The Roman Catholic Church that may be gained or granted as often as the required works are performed], applicable to The Souls of The Departed, to all those who visit a Church or Cemetery, and Pray for The Departed, and, also, for the intention of The Sovereign Pontiff.


The following Text is from ONE PETER FIVE

From a Reader, comes this list of the Special Indulgences that can be gained for The Poor Souls in Purgatory during this week of All Souls’ Commemorations:

Courtesy of Bridegroom Press:

Grant #29.1.1.

For The Souls in Purgatory.

Plenary Indulgence.

A Plenary Indulgence, applicable only to The Souls in Purgatory, is granted each and every day from 1 November to 8 November, who devoutly visit a Cemetery and there Pray, if only mentally, for The Departed.


“The Day of The Dead”.
Artist: William-Adolphe Bouguereau (1825–1905).
Date: 1859.
Source/Photographer: Unknown.
(Wikimedia Commons)

Grant #29.1.2.

All Souls’ Day.

Plenary Indulgence.

A Plenary Indulgence is granted The Faithful who, on All Souls’ Day, devoutly visit a Church, or an Oratory, and recite one Our Father and The Creed.


English: All Saints' Day in Röke, Sweden.
graveyard outside a Lutheran Church, in the
Swedish City of Röke, during Allhallowtide.
(Note the lighted Candles on all the graves.)
Svenska: Alla helgons dag i Röke i Sverige.
Source: Own work.
Author: David Castor (user:dcastor)
(Wikimedia Commons)

The following Text is from ABBA AVINU

“It is, therefore, a holy and wholesome thought 
to Pray for The Dead . . .” (2 Maccabees 12:46).

Today, as we visit the graves of our loved ones who have gone before us, and Pray for their Souls, let us also remember and Pray for those Souls in Purgatory who have no one to Pray for them, or, to offer Holy Masses for them.

Sadly, these days, many Funeral Masses sound like Canonisation Services, when statements are made, like: “He/she (the deceased) must be in Heaven looking at all of you gathered here”, or, “Heaven has gained an Angel, today”; which lead people to believe that the person is now in Heaven and, thus, they neglect Praying for the Soul of the deceased.


To quote “Catholic Answers”: Contrary to common assumption, the purpose of The Funeral Mass is NOT to “celebrate the life of the deceased”, but to offer Worship to God for Christ’s victory over death, to comfort the mourners with Prayers, and to Pray for the Soul of the deceased.

No matter how well a person is presumed to have lived, we cannot assume that he/she has gone straight to Heaven, but we must Pray for the Soul and offer Holy Masses for the deceased.

Saint Augustine of Hippo, Father and Doctor of The Church, wrote in “The City of God”: “By assisting them, we shall not only give great pleasure to God, but will acquire also great merit for ourselves. And, in return for our suffrages, these Blessed Souls will not neglect to obtain for us many Graces from God, but particularly the Grace of Eternal Life.


Illustration: RAIDER COUNTRY

“I hold for certain that a Soul delivered from Purgatory by the suffrages of a Christian, when she [Editor: The Soul] enters Paradise, will not fail to say to God: “Lord, do not suffer to be lost that person who has liberated me from the prison of Purgatory, and has brought me to the enjoyment of Thy Glory sooner than I have deserved.” ”

One of The Spiritual Works of Mercy is: “To Pray for The Living and The Dead.”

Saint John Marie Vianney said: “If it were but known how great is the power of the good Souls in Purgatory with The Heart of God, and, if we knew all the Graces we can obtain through their intercession, they would not be so forgotten. We must, therefore, Pray much for them, that they Pray much for us.”

May Our Lord have mercy on all Souls in Purgatory, and through our Prayers, joined with the intercession of The Blessed Virgin Mary and The Saints, may many Souls see Him, Face to Face, soon.

Our Lady Of Ushaw.




Our Lady of Ushaw,
Saint Cuthbert's Chapel,
Ushaw Seminary, County Durham, England.
Photo: April 2010.
Source: Own work.
Author: Zephyrinus.



Ushaw Seminary, County Durham, England.
Solemn High Mass 1960.
Available on YouTube at


“Ave Regina Cælorum”.
Composer: Tomas Luis de Victoria.
Sung by: The Sixteen
Director of Music: Harry Christophers
Available on YouTube at

Ave, Regina cælorum,
Ave, Domina Angelorum:
Salve, radix, salve, Porta,
Ex qua mundo lux est orta:
Gaude Virgo gloriosa,
Super omnes speciosa,
Vale, o valde decora,
Et pro nobis Christum exora.


Divine Holy Mass.
Saint Cuthbert's Chapel,
Ushaw Seminary, County Durham, England.
Photo: April 2010.
Source: Own work.
Author: Zephyrinus.


“Ave Regina Cælorum”.
Composer: Orlande de Lassus.
Sung by: The Tallis Scholars.
Director of Music: Peter Phillips.
Available on YouTube at


Solemn Requiem Mass.
With a very young Richard Hawker as Master of Ceremonies (MC). Mr. Hawker is now Head Sacristan at Westminster Cathedral. Our Lady of Ushaw statue can be seen behind the Deacon, who is sitting on the Sedilia.
Saint Cuthbert's Chapel, Ushaw Seminary,
County Durham, England.
Photo: April 2010.
Source: Own work.
Author: Zephyrinus.


Divine Holy Mass,
Saint Cuthbert's Chapel,
Ushaw Seminary, County Durham, England.
Photo: April 2010.
Source: Own work.
Author: Zephyrinus.


The following Text is from Wikipedia - the free encyclopædia.

Ushaw College is a former Catholic Seminary, near the village of Ushaw Moor, County Durham, England. It was Founded in 1808 by scholars from The English College, Douai, France, who had fled France after The French Revolution.

Ushaw College was affiliated with The University of Durham from 1968 and was the principal Roman Catholic Seminary for the training of Catholic Priests in The North of England, finally closing in 2011 due to the shortage of Vocations.

The buildings and grounds are now maintained by a Charitable Trust.


Solemn Requiem Mass,
Saint Cuthbert's Chapel,
Ushaw Seminary, County Durham, England.
Photo: April 2010.
Source: Own work.
Author: Zephyrinus.


Solemn Requiem Mass.
Saint Cuthbert's Chapel,
Ushaw Seminary, County Durham, England.
Photo: April 2010.
Source: Own work.
Author: Zephyrinus.


Dawn Mass.
The English Martyrs Side-Chapel.
Ushaw Seminary, County Durham, England.
Photo: April 2010.
Source: Own work.
Author: Zephyrinus.


Saint Cuthbert's Chapel,
Ushaw Seminary, Durham, England.
A perfect setting for the Celebration of The Divine Mass.
Photo: April 2010.
Source: Own work.
Author: Zephyrinus.


Saint Cuthbert's Chapel, Ushaw Seminary, Durham, England. A perfect setting for the Celebration of The Divine Mass.
Please God, one day this Chapel will be a regular Mass location, again. During the height of Ushaw Seminary
in the 1960s, over 400 Seminarians would attend 
Daily Divine Mass in this Chapel.
Photo: April 2010.
Source: Own work.
Author: Zephyrinus.

Saturday 29 October 2022

“Missæ Defunctorum” (Mass For The Dead). Have You Recently Asked Your Pastor Or Parish Priest To Say A Mass For Your Deceased Family, Relatives, And Friends ?



The above Text is from 2 Maccabees 12:46
in The Douay-Rheims Bible.

This Article is taken from, and can be read in full at,
LITURGICAL ARTS JOURNAL


All Souls' Day Liturgy.
Celebrated at The Church of All Saints,
Minneapolis, by Fr. Gerard Saguto, FSSP.
Photo: Tracy Fallaschek Dunne.

Cornwall (“Kernow”). Cornish Paintings. Cornish Pilchards. Cornish Pasties. Cornish Language. Cornish Rugby. Cornish Flag.



"The Greeting".
Artist: Walter Langley (1852–1922).
Date: 1904.
(Wikimedia Commons)


A Story Of The Cornish Language.
Available on YouTube at

Text is from Wikipedia - the free encyclopædia.

Walter Langley (8 June 1852 – 21 March 1922) was an English Painter and Founder of The Newlyn School of “Plein Air” Artists.

In 1884, Langley was elected a Member of the RBSA and continued to exhibit widely throughout the U.K,, and abroad. Later in his career, his reputation grew. One of Langley’s paintings was singled out as “a beautiful and true work of art” by Leo Tolstoy, in his book “What is Art ?”, while, in 1895, Langley was invited by The Uffizi to contribute a self-portrait to hang alongside those of Raphael, Rubens and Rembrandt in their collection of portraits of great artists.

Today, his work is considered “vital to the image of The Newlyn School” and, “alongside Stanhope Forbes . . . the most consistent in style and substantial in output”.

Cornwall (Cornish: Kernow), is a Ceremonial County and Unitary Authority area of England within The United Kingdom. Cornwall is a peninsula bordered to the North and West by The Celtic Sea, to the South by The English Channel, and to the East by The County of Devon, over The River Tamar.

Cornwall has a population of 536,000 and covers an area of 3,563 km2 (1,376 sq mi). The Administrative Centre, and only City in Cornwall, is Truro, although the Town of Saint Austell has the largest population.


Still retaining their traditional character, the villages of Kingsand and Cawsand, in Cornwall, situated on the Rame Peninsula, are popular with tourists. They are untouched by time with a fascinating smuggling and fishing past.


The Sound Of The Cornish Language.
Available on YouTube at


Cornish Pilchards.
Delicious.
Illustration: AMAZON


Cornish Pilchard
(Sardina Pilchardus).
Photo: April 2011.
Source: Own work.
Attribution: © Citron / CC-BY-SA-3.0
Author: Citron/ CC-BY-SA-3.0.
(Wikimedia Commons)


Cornish Rugby.
Available on YouTube at


"Between The Tides".
Artist: Walter Langley (1852–1922).
Date: 1901.
(Wikimedia Commons)


" The Waif ".
Artist: Walter Langley (1852–1922).
Date: 1889.
(Wikimedia Commons)

The area is noted for its wild moorland landscapes, its long and varied coastline, its attractive villages, its many place-names derived from the Cornish language, and its very mild climate. Extensive stretches of Cornwall's coastline, and Bodmin Moor, are protected as an Area of Outstanding Natural Beauty.


Flag of Cornwall.
Kernowek: Baner Peran, Baner Kernow
Ænglisc: Cornwealla fana
Brezhoneg: Banniel Sant Piran
Cymraeg: Baner Cernyw
Deutsch: Flagge von Cornwall
Français: Drapeau de saint Piran, Drapeau des Cornouailles
Gaeilge: Bratach na Chorn
Latina: Vexillum Cornubiæ


The County of Cornwall.
Shown within England.
Date: 16 November 2010.
Source: Ordnance Survey OpenData: County boundaries
and GB coastline. National Geospatial-Intelligence Agency Irish, French, and Isle of Man coastlines, 
Lough Neagh and Irish border.
Author: Nilfanion
(Wikimedia Commons)


Cornish Pasty.

Friday 28 October 2022

Solemn Mass. Eucharistic Procession. Act Of Consecration To The Sacred Heart (Plenary Indulgence). Oratory Of Saints Cyril And Methodius, Bridgeport, Connecticut. This Sunday, 30 October 2022. 1015 hrs.

 


Text and Illustration: NEW LITURGICAL MOVEMENT


By: GREGORY DIPIPPO.

This coming Sunday, 30 October 2022, the Oratory of Saint Cyril and Saint Methodius, the ICRSP’s Apostolate in Bridgeport, Connecticut, will have a Solemn Mass for the Institute’s Patronal Feast, followed by an indoor Eucharistic Procession, and the recitation of The Act of Consecration to The Sacred Heart.

The Mass begins at 10:15 a.m.

The Church is located at 79 Church Street, Bridgeport, Connecticut CT 06608.
Tel: +1 203-333-7003.
Web-Site is HERE

Saint Simon And Saint Jude. Apostles. Feast Day, Today, 28 October.


Text from The Saint Andrew Daily Missal,
unless otherwise stated.

Saint Simon and Saint Jude.
   Apostles.
   Feast Day 28 October.

Double of The Second-Class.

Red Vestments.


Saint Simon and Saint Jude.
Artist: René de Cramer.
“Copyright Brunelmar/Ghent/Belgium”.
Used with Permission.

Jude, or Thaddeus, had asked The Master, at The Last Supper, why He manifested Himself to The Apostles and not to the World. Jesus answered that He only manifested Himself to Souls who show Him their fidelity by observing His Commandments.

While Simon announced the Gospel to the peoples of The East, Jude wrote his catholic Epistle, which is still read in The West, and "which", declares Origen, "contains strong Doctrine in a few lines".

In the first part, he foretells the condemnation of heretics; he compares them to clouds without water, to Autumn trees without fruit, and to wandering stars, for whom profound darkness is apportioned for all Eternity. Like the rebel Angels, they shall burn for ever in avenging flames.


In the second part, he exhorts The Faithful not to be deceived by the seducers, but to remain firm in their Faith in God and Christ. ["My well-beloved, rising like an edifice on the Foundation of your Holy Faith and Praying by The Holy Ghost, keep yourselves in the love of God."

The Archangel Saint Michael, Saint Jude again declares, was established by The Most High as Guardian of The Tomb of Moses. Having, on this occasion, to fight with Satan, probably to hinder him taking possession of the Prophet's body, out of respect for his Angelical dignity, he left to God to condemn him Himself, saying: "May The Lord rebuke him."

The Church puts these very words on the lips of the Priests in The Prayers of Pope Leo XIII, which are said after Low Mass at the foot of the Altar. (Editor: The Leonine Prayers.)]

Mass: Mihi autem.
Creed.
Preface: Of The Apostles.


English: Church of Saint Simon and Saint Jude (Thaddeus),
Polski: Koścół z XIII wieku.
Date: 24 March 2006 (original upload date).
Source: Transferred from pl.wikipedia to Commons.
(Wikimedia Commons)

The following Text is from Wikipedia - the free encyclopædia.

According to Tradition, Saint Jude suffered Martyrdom, about 65 A.D., in Beirut, in the Roman Province of Syria, together with the Apostle, Simon the Zealot, with whom he is usually connected. The axe that he is often shown holding in pictures symbolises the way in which he was killed.

Their Acts and Martyrdom were recorded in an Acts of Simon and Jude, that was among the collection of passions and legends traditionally associated with the legendary Abdias, Bishop of Babylon, and said to have been translated into Latin by his disciple, Tropaeus Africanus, according to the Golden Legend account of the Saints.

Sometime after his death, Saint Jude's body was brought from Beirut to Rome and placed in a Crypt in Saint Peter's Basilica, which was visited by many devotees. Now, his bones are in the Left Transept of Saint Peter's Basilica, under the main Altar of Saint Joseph, in one tomb with the remains of the Apostle Simon the Zealot.


Saint Thaddeus (Jude), Saint Sandukht,
and other Christians in Sanatruk's prison.
This File: 14 December 2009.
User: 517design
Source: Armenian History in Italian Art -
Հայոց Պատմության Էջեր.
Author: Fusaro (19th-Century).
(Wikipedia)

Thursday 27 October 2022

Lincoln Cathedral. An Occasional Update On England’s Magnificent Cathedrals.



Lincoln Cathedral.
Photo: 16 March 2013.
Source: Own work.
Author: DrMoschi
(Wikimedia Commons)


Text from Wikipedia - the free encyclopædia,
unless stated otherwise.

Lincoln Cathedral, Lincoln Minster, or the Cathedral Church of The Blessed Virgin Mary of Lincoln and, sometimes Saint Mary's Cathedral, in Lincoln, England, is a Grade I Listed Cathedral and is the Seat of the Anglican Bishop of Lincoln.

Construction commenced in 1072 and continued in several phases throughout the High Middle Ages. Like many of the Mediæval Cathedrals of England, it was built in the Early Gothic Style.

Although considered doubtful by some, many historians claim it became the tallest building in the World upon the completion of its 160 metres (520 ft) high Central Spire in 1311; if so, it was the first building to hold that title after the Great Pyramid of Giza, and held it for 238 years until the Spire collapsed in 1548,[2][3][4] and was not rebuilt.



Lincoln Cathedral.
Available on You Tube at


The Angel Choir,
Lincoln Cathedral.
Photo: 15 September 2018.
Source: Own work.
Author: Cc364
(Wikimedia Commons)


Had the Central Spire remained intact, Lincoln Cathedral would have remained the World’s tallest structure until the completion of the Eiffel Tower in 1889. For hundreds of years, the Cathedral held one of the four remaining copies of the original Magna Carta, now securely displayed in Lincoln Castle.

The Cathedral is the fourth largest in the U.K. (in floor area) at around 5,000 square metres (54,000 sq ft), after Liverpool, Saint Paul's, and York Minster.[5] It is highly regarded by architectural scholars; the Victorian writer, John Ruskin, declared: “I have always held . . . that the Cathedral of Lincoln is, out and out, the most precious piece of architecture in The British Isles and, roughly speaking, worth any two other Cathedrals we have.”


The Nave,
Lincoln Cathedral.
Photo: 30 July 2014.
Source: Own work.
Attribution: "Photo by DAVID ILIFF.
License: CC BY-SA 3.0"
(Wikimedia Commons)

Remigius de Fécamp, the first Bishop of Lincoln, moved the Episcopal Seat (“Cathedra”) there “some time between 1072 and 1092”.[6] About this, James Essex writes that “Remigius . . . laid the Foundations of his Cathedral in 1072” and “it is probable that he, being a Norman, employed Norman Masons to superintend the building . . . though he could not complete the whole before his death.”[7] Before that, writes B. Winkles: “It is well known that Remigius appropriated the Parish Church of Saint Mary Magdalene in Lincoln, although it is not known what use he made of it.”[8]

Up until then, Saint Mary's Church, in Stow, was considered to be the “Mother Church”[9] of Lincolnshire[10] (although it was not a Cathedral, because the Seat of the Diocese was at Dorchester Abbey, in Dorchester-on-Thames, Oxfordshire). However, Lincoln was more central to a Diocese that stretched from The River Thames to the Humber.

Remigius built the first Lincoln Cathedral on the present site, finishing it in 1092 and then dying on 7 May of that year,[12] two days before it was Consecrated. In 1124, the timber roofing was destroyed in a fire. Alexander (Bishop, 1123 – 1148) rebuilt and expanded the Cathedral, but it was mostly destroyed by an earthquake about forty years later, in 1185 (dated by the British Geological Survey as occurring 15 April 1185).[8][13]


The Vaulted Ceiling of The Angel Choir,
Lincoln Cathedral.
Photo: 15 September 2018.
Source: Own work.
Author: Cc364
(Wikimedia Commons)


The earthquake was one of the largest felt in the UK: it has an estimated magnitude of over 5. The damage to the Cathedral is thought to have been very extensive; the Cathedral is described as having “split from top to bottom”; in the current building, only the lower part of The West End and its two attached Towers remain of the pre-earthquake Cathedral.[13]

Some (Kidson, 1986; Woo, 1991) have suggested that the damage to Lincoln Cathedral was probably exacerbated by poor construction or design, with the actual collapse most probably caused by a Vault failure.[13]

After the earthquake, a new Bishop was appointed. He was Hugh de Burgundy of Avalon, France, who became known as Saint Hugh of Lincoln. He began a massive rebuilding and expansion programme. With his appointment of William de Montibus as Master of the Cathedral School and Chancellor, Lincoln briefly became one of the leading educational centres in England, producing writers such as Samuel Presbiter and Richard of Wetheringsett, though it declined in importance after William’s death in 1213.[14]

Rebuilding began with the Choir (Saint Hugh’s Choir) and the Eastern Transepts between 1192 and 1210.[15] The Central Nave was then built in The Early-English Gothic Architectural Style. Lincoln Cathedral soon followed other architectural advances of the time – Pointed Arches, Flying Buttresses, and Ribbed Vaulting, were added to the Cathedral.


The Vaulted Ceiling of The Secondary Transept,
Lincoln Cathedral.
Photo: 15 September 2018.
Source: Own work.
Author: Cc364
(Wikimedia Commons)

This allowed support for incorporating larger Windows. There are thirteen Bells in The South-West Tower, two Bells in The North-West Tower, and five Bells in The Central Tower (including Great Tom). Accompanying the Cathedral’s large Bell “Great Tom of Lincoln”, is a quarter-hour Striking Clock.

The Clock was installed in the Early-19th-Century.[16] The two large Stained-Glass Rose Windows, the matching Dean’s Eye Window and the Bishop’s Eye Window, were added to the Cathedral during the Late-Middle Ages. The former, the Dean’s Eye Window, in The North Transept, dates from the 1192 rebuild begun by Saint Hugh, finally being completed in 1235.

The latter, the Bishop’s Eye Window, in The South Transept, was reconstructed a hundred years later in 1330.[17] A contemporary record: “The Metrical Life of Saint Hugh”, refers to the meaning of these two Windows (one on the “dark” North Side and the other on the “light” South Side of the building). “For North, represents the devil, and South, The Holy Spirit, and it is in these directions that the two eyes look. The Bishop faces the South in order to invite in, and the Dean, the North, in order to shun; the one takes care to be saved, the other takes care not to perish. With these Eyes, the Cathedral’s face is on watch for the Candelabra of Heaven and the darkness of Lethe (oblivion).”


The Choir,
Lincoln Cathedral.
Photo: 30 July 2014.
Source: Own work.
Attribution: "Photo by DAVID ILIFF.
License: CC BY-SA 3.0"
Author: Diliff
(Wikimedia Commons)


In 1290, Eleanor of Castile died and King Edward I of England decided to honour her, his Queen Consort, with an elegant Funeral Procession. After her body had been embalmed, which in the 13th-Century involved evisceration, Eleanor’s viscera were buried in Lincoln Cathedral and Edward placed a duplicate of the Westminster Abbey tomb there.

The Lincoln tomb’s original Stone Chest survives; its effigy was destroyed in the 17th-Century and replaced with a 19th-Century copy. After the additions of the Dean’s Eye and other major Gothic additions, it is believed some mistakes in the support of the Tower occurred, for, in 1237, the main Tower collapsed.


Lincoln Cathedral.
Photo: 7 November 2014.
Author: Gary Ullah
(Wikimedia Commons)

A new Tower was soon started and in 1255 the Cathedral petitioned King Henry III to allow them to take down part of the Town Wall to enlarge and expand the Cathedral, including the rebuilding of the Central Tower and Spire. They replaced the small rounded Chapels (built at the time of Saint Hugh) with a larger East End to the Cathedral. This was to handle the increasing number of pilgrims to the Cathedral, who came to Worship at the Shrine of Saint Hugh of Lincoln.

Between 1307 and 1311, the Central Tower was raised to its present height of 271 feet (83 m). The Western Towers and the front of the Cathedral were also improved and heightened. At this time, a tall Lead-encased Wooden Spire topped the Central Tower, but was blown down in a storm in 1548.


Interior of Clerestory.
Presbytery of Lincoln Cathedral.
"Development and Character of Gothic Architecture".
By: Charles Herbert Moore.
Date: 1890.
Author: Charles Herbert Moore.
(Wikimedia Commons)


Hugh of Wells, Bishop of Lincoln, was one of the signatories to Magna Carta, and for hundreds of years the Cathedral held one of the four remaining copies of the original, now securely displayed in Lincoln Castle.[21]

The Lincoln Magna Carta was on display at the British Pavilion during the 1939 New York World's Fair.[22] In March 1941, the Foreign Office proposed that the Lincoln Magna Carta be gifted to The United States, citing the “many thousands of Americans who waited in long queues to view it” and the U.S. passage of the Lend-Lease Act, among other reasons.[22] In 2009, the Lincoln Magna Carta was lent to the Ronald Reagan Presidential Library in Simi Valley, California.[21]

There are three other surviving copies: Two at the British Library and one at Salisbury Cathedral.[23]

Maintaining the Cathedral costs £1.6 million a year.[35] A major renovation of The West Front was done in 2000. It was discovered that the Flying Buttresses on The East End were no longer connected to the adjoining stonework, and repairs were made to prevent collapse.


The Great West Door
and The West Façade of Lincoln Cathedral.
Date: 1890.
Author: Charles Herbert Moore.
(Wikimedia Commons)

It was next discovered that the stonework of the Dean’s Eye Window, in The Transept, was crumbling, meaning that a complete reconstruction of the Window has had to be carried out according to the conservation criteria set out by the International Council on Monuments and Sites.

There was a period of great anxiety when it emerged that the stonework needed to shift only 5 mm (0.20 in) for the entire Window to collapse. Specialist engineers removed the Window’s Tracery before installing a strengthened, more stable replacement. In addition to this, the original Stained-Glass was cleaned and set behind a new clear isothermal glass, which offers better protection from the elements. By April 2006, the renovation project was completed at a cost of
£2 million.

Lincoln Cathedral is one of the few English Cathedrals built from the rock it is standing on.[47] The Cathedral has owned the existing quarry, on Riseholme Road, Lincoln, since 1876.[48] This quarry is expected to run out of stone in 2021.[49] The Cathedral’s Stone-Masons use more than 100 tonnes of stone per year for maintenance and repairs.[49]

A History Of Allhallowtide.




Triumph of The Church,
Alternative title:
Allegory of The Active Church
and The Triumphant Church
and The Dominican Order.
Artist: Andrea di Bonaiuto (14th-Century).
Description: The Way of Salvation fresco is in the Spanish Chapel (Cappella Spagnuolo, or Guidalotti Chapel, after the Patron). The Black-Cloaked figures are Dominican Priests (The Black Friars, The Order of Preachers, O.P.), and the Black-and-White Dogs are their symbol. (Founded by Saint Dominic to Preach against heresies, they were referred to as "Domini Canes", The Hounds of God.)
Date: 1365-1367.
(Wikimedia Commons)


Allhallowtide.
Available on YouTube at


This Article is taken from Wikipedia - the free encyclopædia,
unless stated otherwise.

Allhallowtide, Hallowtide, All-Saintstide, or, The Hallowmas Season, is The Triduum [Editor: Three Days] encompassing the Western Christian observances of All Saints' Eve (Halloween), All Saints' Day (All Hallows’) and All Souls' Day, which last from 31 October to 2 November, annually.

Allhallowtide is a “time to remember The Dead, including Martyrs, Saints, and all Faithful Departed Christians.” The present date of Hallowmas (All Saints’ Day) and thus also of its Vigil (Hallowe’en) was established for Rome perhaps by Pope Gregory III (731 A.D. – 741 A.D.) and was made “Of Obligation” throughout The Frankish Empire by Louis the Pious in 835 A.D.

Elsewhere, other dates were observed even later, with the date in Ireland being 20 April. In the Early-11th-Century, the modern date of All Souls’ Day was popularised, after Abbot Odilo established it as a day for the Monks of Cluny and associated Monasteries to Pray for The Dead.

The word Allhallowtide was first used in 1471, and is derived from two words: The Old English word “Halig”, meaning Holy, and the word “Tide”, meaning “Time”, or, “Season” (cf. Christmastide, Eastertide). The latter part of the word Hallowmas is derived from the word “Mass”. The words Hallow and Saint are Synonyms.


The Christian attitude towards the death of Martyrs is first exemplified in The New Testament, which records that, after the beheading of Saint John the Baptist, his disciples respectfully buried him. Saint Stephen was, likewise, “given a Christian burial by his Fellow-Christians after he had been stoned to death by a mob.”

Two of the Post-Nicene Fathers, Ephrem the Syrian, as well as John Chrysostom, both wrote about the importance of honouring the dead; the Theologian Herman Heuser, writes that, in the Early Church, The Feast Days of The Martyrs were “Local Observances”, with Churches being built on those sites where their blood was shed. Frances Stewart Mossier explains that this changed during The Persecution of Christians in The Roman Empire, saying that:

This arrangement worked very well at first, but, soon, there were more Martyrs than there were days in the year, and so one day was set apart in honour of them all, and it was called All Saints’ Day. This took place about 610 A.D.


The Christians of those times were in the habit of spending the night before All Saints’ Day in thinking over the good and helpful lives of those in whose honour the day was kept and in Praying that they might be like them. Services were held in the Churches, and Candles and Incense burned before the Pictures and Statues of The Saints. It was to them (Editor: The people] one of the Holiest and most significant days of all the year.

 


Following the establishment of All Hallows' Day, and its Vigil, All Hallows' Eve, in the 8th-Century A.D., Abbot Odilo of Cluny popularised the day to Pray for All Souls, forming the third day of The Triduum of Allhallowtide.

The Octave of Allhallowtide, lasting "eight days", was established by Pope Sixtus IV, in 1430, for the whole Western Church. The Octave, however, was eliminated in the 1955 Reforms of The Catholic Church, although it continues to be observed by many Anglicans.

The Faithful may still obtain a Plenary Indulgence by visiting a Cemetery and Praying for The Dead during The Octave of All Hallows.

In The United Kingdom, The Church of EnglandMother Church of The Anglican Communion, extended All Saints-Tide to include Remembrance Sunday in the 20th-Century.
Related Posts Plugin for WordPress, Blogger...