Notre Dame de Rouen. The façade of the Gothic Church in France. Photographer: Hippo1947. Licence: SHUTTERSTOCK.

Thursday, 10 October 2024

The British Army. The 24th Regiment Of Foot (The South Wales Borderers).



The 24th Regiment of Foot
repelling the Zulu attack at Rorke’s Drift in January 1879.
Artist: Alphonse de Neuville. (1836–1885).

Painting of The Battle of Rorke's Drift, which took place in Natal, South Africa, during The Anglo-Zulu War in 1879. De Neuville based the painting on eye witness accounts and it depicts several events of the Battle occurring at once.

Defenders depicted in the painting are: Lieutenant
John Chard (to the Right at the barrier, in pale breeches,
with rifle); Corporal Scammell, of The Natal Native Contingent, incorrectly shown in The Uniform of The 24th Regiment of Foot, or Corporal William Allen (handing cartridges to Chard);

Corporal Ferdinand Schiess (wearing a Bandoleer, and stabbing a Zulu at the barrier with his Bayonet); Chaplain George Smith (bearded man handing out cartridges from a haversack); Acting Assistant Commissary James Dalton (sat in foreground with a wounded shoulder); Surgeon James Reynolds (attending to Dalton's wound);

Lieutenant Gonville Bromhead (stood in the centre of the painting pointing to his Left); Private Frederick Hitch (stood behind Bromhead); Private Henry Hook (carrying Private John Connolly on his back, away from the burning hospital); Assistant Commissary Walter Dunne (to the Left,
holding a Biscuit Box).

(Sources: David, Saul [2005]. Zulu: The Heroism and Tragedy of The Zulu War of 1879 ISBN 9780141015699; Knight, Ian [1996] Rorke's Drift 1879: "Pinned Like Rats in a Hole".
Date: 1880.
Source/Photographer: GOOGLE ARTS AND CULTURE
(Wikimedia Commons)



The Regimental Flag
of The 24th Regiment of Foot.
Date: 1896.
Author: Frederick Edward Hulme.
Source: The Flags of the World:
Their History, Blazonry, and Associations.
(Wikimedia Commons)


The following Text is from Wikipedia - the free encyclopædia.

The South Wales Borderers were a Line Infantry Regiment of The British Army, in existence for 280 years. They first came into existence, as The 24th Regiment of Foot, in 1689. Based at Brecon, Wales, The Regiment recruited from The Border Counties of Monmouthshire, Herefordshire, and Brecknockshire, but were not called The South Wales Borderers until The Childers Reforms of 1881.

The Regiment served in a great many conflicts, including The American Revolutionary War, various conflicts in India, The Zulu WarSecond Boer War, and World War I and World War II.

In 1969, The Regiment were amalgamated with The Welch Regiment, to form The Royal Regiment of Wales.

The Regiment were formed by Sir Edward Dering, 3rd Baronet, as Sir Edward Dering's Regiment of Foot, in 1689, becoming known, like other Regiments, by the names of its subsequent Colonels.


British Infantryman of The 24th Regiment of Foot in 1742.
Date: 13 December 2006 (original upload date).
This File: 13 December 2006.
(Wikimedia Commons)

The Regiment served under The Duke of Schomberg, during The Williamite War, in Ireland, and then saw action again at The Battle of Schellenberg, in July 1704, and at The Battle of Blenheim, in August 1704, during The War of The Spanish Succession.

The Regiment were part of the amphibious expedition to The Caribbean, and participated in the disastrous British defeat at The Battle of Cartagena de Indias, in March 1741, during The War of Jenkins' Ear. The Regiment were ranked as 24th in The Infantry Order Of Precedence, in 1747, and became The 24th Regiment of Foot, in 1751.

The Regiment took part in The Siege of Fort Saint Philip, in Menorca, Spain, in April 1756, during The Seven Years' War. It was also part of the amphibious expedition against, or descent on, the Coast of France, and participated in the British defeat at The Battle of Saint Cast, in September 1758.

In June 1776, The Regiment was sent to Quebec, Canada, where it subsequently fought American rebels who had invaded the Province during their War of Independence. The Regiment were part of the 5,000 British and Hessian force, under the command of General John Burgoyne, that surrendered to the American rebels in The Saratoga Campaign, in Summer 1777, and remained imprisoned until 1783. In 1782, it became The 24th (The 2nd Warwickshire) Regiment of Foot.


In Honoured Memory of Private James Cooper V.C.,
a Plaque in Warstone Lane Cemetery, Birmingham, England.
Private James Cooper V.C. 1840 – 1882, 2nd Battalion 24th (2nd Warwickshire) Regiment of Foot. Who gained his Country's highest Award for Valour on 7 May 1867, in The Andaman Islands / Bay of Bengal, and is buried in Warstone Lane Cemetery, Birmingham, England.

The Regiment were deployed to Egypt in the aftermath of The Battle of Abukir, in March 1801; The 2nd Battalion was raised in 1804, which suffered heavy losses at The Battle of Talavera, in July 1809, during The Peninsular War. The vast majority of The 1st Battalion were captured at sea by the French at the Action of 3 July 1810, near The Comoro Islands: The 1st Battalion of The 24th Regiment of Foot had been on The East Indiamen, Astell, Ceylon and Windham, when a French Frigate Squadron captured the last two ships. They were released the following year.

The 1st Battalion took part in The Anglo-Nepalese War, November 1814. The Regiment were deployed to Canada in 1829 and remained there until 1842.


Marble Memorial at Saint John's Church, Jhelum, Pakistan,
In Memory of the Soldiers of The 24th Regiment of Foot,
killed there in July 1857 during The Indian Mutiny.
Date: 15 July 2007 (original upload date).
This File: 30 October 2007.
User: Tonkawa68
(Wikimedia Commons)

The Second Sikh War And The Indian Mutiny.

The Regiment returned to India in 1846 and saw action at The Battle of Chillianwala, in January 1849, where The Regiment fought off the enemy with bayonets, rather than rifles, and 255 of its men died during The Second Anglo-Sikh War.

Meanwhile, five Victoria Crosses were awarded to men of The Regiment, who rescued their colleagues from cannibals on The Andaman Islands, India, in May 1857. Some thirty-five soldiers of The Regiment were killed by mutineers at their garrison in Jhelum, Pakistan, in July 1857, during The Indian Rebellion.


Zulu War.

In 1879, both Battalions took part in The Anglo-Zulu War, begun after a British invasion of Zululand, ruled by Cetshwayo. The 24th Regiment of Foot took part in The Crossing of The Buffalo River on 11 January 1879, entering Zululand. The first engagement (and the most disastrous for the British) came at Isandlwana. The British had pitched Camp at Isandlwana and not established any fortifications due to the sheer size of the Force, the hard ground, and a shortage of entrenching tools.

The 24th Regiment of Foot provided most of the British Force and, when the overall Commander, Lord Chelmsford, split his Forces on 22 January to search for the Zulus, the 1st Battalion (five Companies) and a Company of the 2nd Battalion were left behind to guard the Camp, under the Command of Lieutenant-Colonel Henry Pulleine (Commanding Officer of The 1/24th Foot).

A Zulu force of some 20,000 warriors attacked a portion of 
the British Main Column, consisting of about 1,800 British, Colonial, and Native Troops, and perhaps 400 Civilians. During the battle, Lieutenant-Colonel Pulleine ordered Lieutenants Coghill and Melvill to save The Queen’s Colour —the Regimental Colour was located at Helpmekaar, with 
G Company.

The two Lieutenants attempted to escape by crossing The Buffalo River, where The Colour fell and was lost downstream, later being recovered. Both Officers were killed. At this time, The Victoria Cross (VC) was not awarded posthumously. This changed in the early 1900s when both Lieutenants were awarded posthumous Victoria Crosses for their bravery. The Battle of Isandlwana was dramatised in the 1979 movie “Zulu Dawn”.


Battle Of Rorke's Drift.



“Zulu”.
Available on YouTube at

After The Battle of Isandlwana, some 4,000 to 5,000 Zulus headed for Rorke's Drift, a small Missionary Post garrisoned by a Company of The 2/24th Regiment Of Foot, Native Levies, and others, under the command of Lieutenant ChardRoyal Engineers. The Most Senior Officer of The 24th Regiment of Foot present being Lieutenant Gonville Bromhead.

Two Boer Cavalry Officers, Lieutenants Adendorff and Vane, arrived to inform the garrison of the defeat at Isandlwana. The Acting Assistant Commissary, James Dalton, persuaded Bromhead and Chard to stay, and the small garrison frantically prepared rudimentary fortifications.


“Zulu”.
Final Attack.
Available on YouTube at

The Zulus first attacked at 4:30 p.m. Throughout the day, the garrison was attacked from all sides, including rifle fire from the heights above the garrison, and bitter hand-to-hand fighting often ensued. At one point, the Zulus entered the hospital, which was stoutly defended by the wounded inside, until it was set alight and eventually burnt down. The battle raged on into the early hours of 23 January, but, by Dawn, the Zulu Army had withdrawn. Lord Chelmsford and a Column of British Troops arrived soon afterwards.

The garrison had suffered fifteen killed during the battle (two died later) and eleven defenders were awarded The Victoria Cross for their distinguished defence of The Post, seven Victoria Crosses going to Soldiers of The 24th Foot. The Stand at Rorke’s Drift was immortalised in the 1964 Movie “Zulu”.


“Zulu”.
Final Appearance and Salute Scene.
Available on YouTube at

The Third Anglo-Burmese War
And The Second Boer War.


The Regiment was not fundamentally affected by The Cardwell Reforms of the 1870s, which gave it a Depot at The Barracks, Brecon, Wales, from 1873, or by The Childers Reforms of 1881 – as it already possessed two Battalions, there was no need for it to amalgamate with another Regiment.

Under The Reforms, The 24th Regiment Of Foot had its name changed, and became The South Wales Borderers on 1 July 1881. This, understandably, led to The Regiment having close links with South Wales. The 2nd Battalion was deployed to Burma and saw action in November 1885 during The Third Anglo-Burmese War. The 2nd Battalion then arrived in Cape Colony South Africa, in early February 1900, and saw action at The Battle of Elands River in September 1901 during The Second Boer War.

A 3rd (Militia) Battalion, formed of the former Royal South Wales Borderers Militia, was embodied in January 1900, and the following month embarked for Service in South Africa, arriving in Cape Town on the SS Cheshire in March 1900. A 4th (Militia) Battalion, formed of the former Royal Montgomery Rifles, was embodied in May 1900 and disembodied in December the same year.

In 1908, The Volunteers and Militia were re-organised nationally, with the former becoming The Territorial Force and the latter The Special Reserve; The Regiment now had one Reserve Battalion and one Territorial Battalion.



First World War.


Lieutenant-Colonel Sidney John Wilkinson,
10th Battalion, The South Wales Borderers.
Killed-in-Action during The First World War.

Lieutenant-Colonel Wilkinson was educated at Wellington School. He received his Commission to The West Yorkshire Regiment in 1900 and served in The Second Anglo-Boer War.

In 1910, he achieved the Rank of Captain. As Lieutenant-Colonel, he transferred to The Welsh Regiment and, subsequently, to The South Wales Borderers.

Lt-Colonel Wilkinson was Posted to The Western Front in 1915. He was Mentioned in Despatches and awarded The Distinguished Service Order in January 1916.

He was Killed-in-Action on 7 July 1916 during The Battle of the Somme. He is Commemorated on The Thiepval Memorial.

Faces of the First World War.
Find out more about this
First World War Centenary Project at www.1914.org/faces
This image is from IMPERIAL WAR MUSEUM


An excellent Regimental History
and an essential component of every Library of The Zulu War
Illustration: LEONAUR

Regular Army.

The 1st Battalion landed at Le Havre as part of 3rd Brigade1st Division, with The British Expeditionary Force, in August 1914, for Service on The Western Front. The 2nd Battalion landed at Laoshan Bay China, for Operations against the German Territory of Tsingtao, in September 1914, and saw Action at The Siege of Tsingtao in October 1914.

After returning home in January 1915, The 2nd Battalion landed at Cape Helles, as part of 87th Brigade29th Division, in April 1915; it was evacuated from Gallipoli in January 1916 and landed at Marseille, France, in March 1916, for Service on The Western Front.




The Queen’s Colour.
2nd Battalion, 24th Regiment of Foot
(The South Wales Borderers).
Date: 13 September 2013.
Source: Own work.
Author: Wally Wiglet.
(Wikimedia Commons)

Territorial Force.

1/1st Brecknockshire Battalion landed in Bombay, India, as part of 44th (Home Counties) Division, in October 1914, and moved to Aden in December 1914, before returning to Bombay in August 1915.

New Armies.

4th (Service) Battalion landed in Gallipoli, as part of 40th Brigade13th (Western) Division, in July 1915; it was evacuated from Gallipoli in January 1916 and moved to Egypt, and then to Mesopotamia. 5th (Service) Battalion (Pioneers) landed at Le Havre, France, as part of 58th Brigade19th (Western) Division, in July 1915, for Service on The Western Front.

6th (Service) Battalion (Pioneers) landed at Le Havre, as part of 76th Brigade25th Division, in September 1915, for Service on The Western Front. 7th (Service) Battalion and 8th (Service) Battalion landed at Boulogne-sur-Mer, France, as part of 67th Brigade22nd Division, in September 1915, for Service on The Western Front, but moved to Salonika, Greece, in October 1915.

10th (Service) Battalion (1st Gwent) and 11th (Service) Battalion (2nd Gwent) landed at Le Havre as part of 115th Brigade38th (Welsh) Division, in December 1915, for Service on The Western Front. 12th (Service) Battalion (3rd Gwent) landed at Le Havre as part of 119th Brigade40th Division, in June 1916, for Service on The Western Front. Welsh Poet and Language Activist, Saunders Lewis, Served in The 12th Battalion during The First World War.


The Seven-Button Tunic for The 24th Regiment of Foot (South Wales Borderers), circa 1879, which was worn for “Home Service”. All the features of the Jackets are the same as the originals. All the Lace and Linings are to original grade specification. Price includes Sword/Belt Hook support. These superb Replicas are made with Military Grade Wool. Unfortunately, Collar Badges are currently unavailable.
Illustration: PIPE BAND WEAR SHOP

Inter-War.

The 1st Battalion embarked for Ireland, in June 1920, to maintain order during The Irish War of Independence, and to Waziristan, in February 1937, in connection with disturbances on The Frontier. Meanwhile, the 2nd Battalion was deployed to Palestine, in 1936, returning home at the end of the year.

Second World War.

The 1st Battalion, as part of 10th Indian Infantry Division, were sent to Iraq to quell a German-inspired uprising in November 1941. The Battalion saw subsequent service in Iran. The Battalion sustained enormous casualties in Libya, near Tobruk, when they lost around 500 Officers and Men, captured or killed during a General Retreat.

The Battalion found itself cut off when the German Forces outflanked them. The Commanding Officer, Lt.-Col. F. R. G. Matthews, decided to attempt to escape around the enemy and break through to British Lines. It turned into a disaster, with only four Officers and around one hundred Men reaching Sollum.

To the surprise of the survivors, the Battalion was ordered to disband in Cyprus, and the remnants of the Battalion were transferred, with the exception of a small Cadre that returned to The United Kingdom, to 1st Battalion, The King's Own Royal Regiment (Lancaster). A few months later, the Battalion was re-formed from the Cadre and 4th Battalion, Monmouthshire Regiment

Upon the outbreak of The Second World War, in September 1939, 2nd Battalion was serving in Derry, Northern Ireland, under command of Northern Ireland District, having been there since December 1936. In December 1939, the Battalion left Northern Ireland and was sent to join 148th Infantry Brigade, 49th (West Riding) Infantry Division, a Territorial Formation.

In April 1940, the Battalion was again transferred to the newly-created 24th Guards Brigade (Rupert Force), and took part in The Norwegian Campaign, and were among the first British Troops to see Action against The German Army in The Second World War.


Boxed Figure: The 24th Regiment of Foot.
Illustration: MONKEY DEPOT

The Norwegian Campaign failed, and the 24th Guards Brigade (Rupert Force) had to be evacuated. Casualties in The Battalion, however, had been remarkably light, with only thirteen wounded and six killed, and two Distinguished Conduct Medals (DCMs) had been awarded.

The 2nd Battalion returned to The United Kingdom, and, on 
7 December 1941 (the day The United States entered the War), transferred to 37th Independent Infantry Brigade 
(re-designated 7th Infantry Brigade the day after).

On 1 March 1944, the Battalion were transferred to the newly-created 56th Independent Infantry Brigade, alongside which were 2nd Battalion, Essex Regiment and 2nd Battalion, Gloucestershire Regiment, and trained for the Invasion of Normandy.


50th (Northumbrian) Infantry Division
(also known as The Tyne Tees Division).
Date: 28 May 2015.
Author: Mliu92
(Wikimedia Commons)

The 50th (Northumbrian) Infantry Division was an Infantry Division of the British Army that saw distinguished Service in the Second World War. Pre-War, the Division was part of the Territorial Army (TA) and the two Ts in the Divisional Insignia represent the three main rivers of its recruitment area, namely the Rivers Tyne, Tees and Humber.

The 50th Division was one of two British Divisions (the other being 3rd Infantry Division) to land in Normandy, on D-Day, 6 June 1944, where it landed on Gold Beach. Four men of the Division were awarded the Victoria Cross during the War, more than any other Division of the British Army during The Second World War.

2nd Battalion, South Wales Borderers, had the distinction of being the only Welsh Battalion to take part in the Normandy Landings on 6 June 1944, landing at Gold Beach, under command of 50th (Northumbrian) Infantry Division and fought in the Battle of Normandy, under command of 7th Armoured Division for a few days in June 1944, before reverting to 50th Division.


Afterwards, 2nd Battalion, South Wales Borderers, enjoyed a short rest, and, on 22 September 1944, moved to join the rest of 21st Army Group fighting in Belgium. In October 1944, shortly after the failure of Operation Market Garden, the Division was sent to garrison “The Island”, the area of land between Arnhem and Nijmegen, where it remained throughout the Winter of 1944.

The last major Action for the 2nd Battalion was in April 1945, when, with the rest of the Division, they fought in the Second Battle of Arnhem. The Battalion ended its War in Germany, and remained there, as part of the Occupation Forces, until 1948, when it returned home.

6th Battalion, South Wales Borderers, Served in the Burma Campaign, with 72nd Infantry Brigade, 36th British Infantry Division, previously a Division of the British Indian Army before being re-designated the 36th British Division.


The Band of The 1/24th Regiment of Foot, photographed in 1878 in South Africa, played cheery, morale-boosting melodies as the Regiment marched to “The Killing Fields of Zululand”. Out of the entire Band, only two Bandsmen survived.
Illustration: WWW.1879ZULUWAR.COM

Post-War.

1st Battalion, South Wales Borderers, were deployed to Palestine to deal with the volatile uprising there in October 1945, and then moved to Cyprus, in April 1946. The 2nd Battalion was disbanded in May 1948 as a consequence of Defence Cuts implemented shortly after the Second World War.

The Regiment deployed to The Sudan in March 1949 and became part of the Occupation Force in Eritrea, a former Italian Colony that was ruled by a British Military Administration, in January 1950. The Regiment arrived in Brunswick, West Germany, as part of British Army of The Rhine (BAOR), in January 1953, and was then deployed to Malaya, in December 1955, as part of the response to The Malayan Emergency.

The Regiment’s conduct during The Malayan Emergency compelled Field Marshal Sir Gerald Templer, a distinguished British Officer and a man who was instrumental in the defeat of the Communist Terrorists during The Emergency, to state that: “There has been no better Regiment in Malaya during the ten years of The Emergency and very few as good”.

The Regiment were Posted to Minden, Germany, in June 1959, and returned home three years later. It arrived at Stanley Fort, in Hong Kong, in November 1963, to perform Internal Security Duties. It returned home to Lydd, in Kent, in June 1966, before deploying to Aden, in January 1967. The Regiment were amalgamated with The Welch Regiment, to form The Royal Regiment of Wales (24th/41st Foot), in June 1969.

Church Of Saint Peter, Ugborough, Devon.




The 16th-Century Rood Screen,
Church of Saint Peter, Ugborough, Devon.
Text and Illustration: DEVON CHURCH LAND




The Rood Screen.

Once a major Church, it is now quietly basking in past glories.

A wonderfully tall Tower.



The High Altar.

Beautiful Stonework on the 14th-Century Arcades.

Astounding paintings on the remains of the Late-Mediæval Rood Screen.




Marvellous Stonework.
Church of Saint Peter. Ugborough, Devon.

More great carvings on the Parclose [Editor: A Parclose is a Screen or Railing in a Church enclosing a tomb or Altar or separating a Side Chapel].

Two fine Fonts; Norman and Victorian.

Powerful Mediæval Roof Bosses in the North Aisle.


Church Of Saint Peter, Ugborough, Devon.

Saint Francis Borgia. Confessor. Whose Feast Day Is, Today, 10 October.


Text from The Saint Andrew Daily Missal,
unless otherwise stated.

Saint Francis Borgia.
   Confessor.

Semi-Double.

White Vestments.


Illustration: JESUS-PASSION.COM


After providing for the settlement of his children, Saint Francis entered The Society of Jesus, where, despising all honours, he made a Vow out of Humility (Collect) to refuse all dignities., But, for obedience sake, he had to accept the Post of General of The Society. He died in 1572.

Mass: Os justi (of Abbots).


The following Text is taken from JESUS-PASSION.COM

Francis Borgia. Duke of Gandia and Captain-General of Catalonia, was one of the handsomest, richest, and most honoured nobles in Spain, when, in 1539, there was laid upon him the sad duty of escorting the remains of his Sovereign, Queen Isabella, to the Royal Burying-Place at Granada. The coffin had to be opened for him that he might verify the body before it was placed in the tomb, and so foul a sight met his eyes that he vowed never again to serve a Sovereign who could suffer so base a change.

It was some years before he could follow The Call of his Lord; at length, he entered The Society of Jesus, to cut himself off from any chance of dignity or preferment. But his Order chose him to be its Head. The Turks were threatening Christendom, and Pope Saint Pius V sent his nephew to gather Christian Princes into a League for its defence.

The Holy Pope chose Francis to accompany him, and, worn out though he was, the Saint obeyed at once. The fatigues of the embassy exhausted what little life was left. Saint Francis died on his return to Rome, 10 October 1572.

REFLECTION.—Saint Francis Borgia learned the worthlessness of Earthly greatness at the funeral of Queen Isabella. Do the deaths of friends teach us aught about ourselves ?

Wednesday, 9 October 2024

The Divine Holy Mass has exactly the same worth, merits, and graces, as Our Lord’s death on The Cross — Council of Trent 1545 - 1563.



The Divine Holy Mass has exactly the same worth, merits, 
and graces, as Our Lord’s death on The Cross on Calvary, though Celebrated in an unbloody manner 
— The Council of Trent 1545 - 1563.

“Lead Kindly Light”. Saint John Henry Cardinal Newman.



Saint John Henry Cardinal Newman.

Lead Kindly Light.

Lead, Kindly Light, amid the encircling gloom, 
Lead me Thou on ! 
The night is dark, and I am far from home, 
Lead Thou me on ! Keep Thou my feet; 
I do not ask to see the distant scene; 
one step is enough for me. I was not ever thus, 
nor pray’d that Thou shouldst lead me on; 
I loved to choose and see my path, 
but now lead Thou me on ! 
I loved the garish day, and, spite of fears, 
pride ruled my will: Remember not past years. 
So long Your power hath Blest me, 
sure it still will lead me on, o’er moor and fen, 
o’er crag and torrent, till the night is gone; 
and with the morn those angel faces smile 
which I have loved long since, and lost awhile.

The Book Of Ruth: “Whither Thou Goest, I Will Go. And, Where Thou Goest, I Will Lodge. Thy People Shall Be My People, And Thy God, My God”.



Illustration from
CHRIST MY COVENANT


Discovering the Gospel in Ruth.
By: Tim Keller.
Available on YouTube
HERE


Text and Illustrations from Wikipedia - the free encyclopædia,
unless otherwise stated.

Ruth (Hebrew: רוּת, Modern Rut Tiberian Rūθ), is the main character in the Book of Ruth in the Hebrew Bible.

Ruth was a Moabitess, who married into the Hebrew family of Elimelech and Naomi, whom she met when they left Bethlehem and relocated to Moab, due to a famine. Elimelech and his two sons died, leaving Naomi and her two daughters-in-law as widows.

When Naomi decided to return to Bethlehem, Ruth decided to go with her, despite the fact that Orpah, Naomi's other daughter-in-law, went back home.

Ruth famously vowed to follow Naomi in the following passage:

“Entreat me not to leave thee,
   or to return from following after thee:

   for whither thou goest, I will go;
   and where thou lodgest, I will lodge:

   thy people shall be my people,
   and thy God my God:

   Where thou diest, will I die,
   and there will I be buried:

   the LORD do so to me, and more also,
   if ought but death part thee and me”.

   (Ruth 1:16-17, King James Version)


"Ruth in the Fields"
by Merle Hugues, 1876.
Illustration: BIBLE-PEOPLE



"Whither Thou Goest".
Sung by Perry Como.
Available on YouTube at

Ruth went to glean in the fields, where she met Boaz. At the instigation of Naomi, she forced Boaz to declare his intentions regarding Ruth by slipping into the threshing floor at night, uncovering his feet, and lying at his feet (Ruth 3:8), in the Mosaic tradition of having the nearest relative be the kinsman redeemer (Leviticus 25:25-55). 

Boaz indicated his desire to marry her, and called Ruth a "woman of noble character". After overcoming the obstacle of having a relative with a stronger claim (per the Mosaic requirements in Deuteronomy 25:7-9), Boaz married Ruth, and they had a son, named Obed

The genealogy, in the final Chapter of the Book, explains how Ruth became the Great-Grandmother of David: Boaz begot Obed, Obed begot Jesse and Jesse begot David (Ruth 4:17). She is also, thus, the ancestor of Joseph (husband of Mary and foster-father of Jesus), and is one of the five women mentioned in The Genealogy of Matthew (along with Tamar, Rahab, Bathsheba, and Mary).


Pope Saint Gregory II. Confessor. Reigned From 715 A.D. - 731 A.D. (Part Two).




Pope Saint Gregory II.
This File: 4 December 2006.
User: Nico86
(Wikimedia Commons)


Gregory ordered a number of Litanies to be said to stem the floods, which spread over the Campus Martius and the, so-called, Plains of Nero, reaching the foot of the Capitoline Hill.[8]

The first year of his Pontificate also saw a Letter arrive from Patriarch John VI of Constantinople, who attempted to justify his support of Monothelitism, while at the same time seeking sympathy from the Pope over the position he was in, with respect to The Emperor. Gregory responded by sending a Letter outlining the Traditional Roman position against Monothelitism.[9]

Then, in 716 A.D., Gregory received an official visit from Duke Theodo of Bavaria to discuss the continuing conversion of his lands to Christianity. As a result of this meeting, Gregory gave specific instructions to his delegates who were to travel to Bavaria, co-ordinate with the Duke, and establish a local Church hierarchy, overseen by an Archbishop.[10]


Gregory maintained an interest in Bavaria; in 726 A.D., he forced an unwilling Corbinian, after reviewing his appeal through a Synod, to abandon his Monastic calling, and become Bishop of Freising, in Upper Bavaria.[11]

Gregory next turned his attention to Germany. In 718 A.D., he was approached by an Anglo-Saxon Missionary, Winfrid, who proposed undertaking Missionary work in Germany.[12] Gregory agreed, and after changing his name to Boniface, commissioned him in May 719 A.D. to Preach in Germany.[1]

After hearing of the work that had been done so far, in 722 A.D., Gregory summoned Boniface back to Rome to answer rumours concerning Boniface’s doctrinal purity.[13]


At this face-to-face meeting, Boniface complained that he found Gregory’s Latin difficult to understand, a clear indication that Vulgar Latin had already started to evolve into the Romance Languages.[14]

After examining Boniface’s written Profession of Faith, Gregory was satisfied enough that he made Boniface a Bishop in November 722 A.D, and returned him to Germany to continue his Mission.[1]

Continued successes saw Gregory write to Boniface in December 724 A.D. to offer his congratulations, followed in November 726 A.D. by a response to Boniface’s questions about how to structure the newly-emergent Churches in Germany.[15]


Gregory also strengthened Papal authority in the Churches of Britain and Ireland. In 726 A.D., Gregory was visited by Ine, the former King of Wessex, who had abdicated the throne in order to undertake a Pilgrimage to Rome and end his life there.[16]

Gregory also concerned himself with establishing or restoring Monasteries. He turned his family mansion in Rome into a Monastery, Saint Agatha in Suburra, endowing it with expensive and precious Vessels for use at the Altar,[17] and also established a new Church, Dedicated to Sant’Eustachio.[18]

In 718 A.D., he restored Monte Cassino, which had not recovered from an attack by the Lombards in 584 A.D., and he intervened in a dispute at the Monastery of Saint Vincent, on The River Volturno, over the deposition of the Abbot.[19]


In 721 A.D., Gregory held a Synod in Rome, for the purpose of fixing issues around illegitimate marriages.[20]

Then, in 723 A.D., the long-standing dispute between the Patriarchs of Aquileia and Grado flared up again. Upon the request of the Lombard KingLiutprand, Gregory had given the Pallium to Bishop Serenus, granting him the Patriarchate of Aquileia.

Soon afterwards, however, Gregory received a Letter from Donatus, Patriarch of Grado, complaining that Serenus had overstepped his authority, and was interfering within Grado’s Ecclesiastical jurisdiction.[21]


At the same time, Gregory reprimanded Donatus for complaining about Gregory’s decision to grant the Pallium to Serenus in the first place.[22]

Then, in 725 A.D., upon Donatus’ death, the Grado Patriarchate was usurped by Peter, the Bishop of Pola. Gregory responded by depriving Peter of both Sees, and he wrote to the people of the Diocese, reminding them to only elect Bishops in accordance with Church Law, whereupon they elected Antoninus, with Gregory’s approval.[23]

Gregory also mandated a number of practices within The Church. He decreed that in Lent, on Thursdays, people should Fast, just as they were required to do during the other days of the week.

PART THREE FOLLOWS.

Saint Dionysius (Bishop), Saint Rusticus And Saint Eleutherius (Martyrs). Feast Day 9 October.


Text from The Saint Andrew Daily Missal,
unless otherwise stated.

Saint Dionysius (Bishop),
   Saint Rusticus and Saint Eleutherius (Martyrs).
   Feast Day 9 October.

Semi-Double.

Red Vestments.


English: Basilica of Saint Denis, France.
The Tympanum of The Portal of The North Transept:
The beheading of Saint Denis and his companions,
Saint Rusticus and Saint Eleutherius.
Français: Basilique Saint-Denis (France),
tympan du portail du transept nord:
la décollation de saint Denis et de ses compagnons
Photo: 1 March 2012.
Source: Own work.
Author: Myrabella
(Wikimedia Commons)


English: The Church of Saint John the Baptist,
Dammartin-en-Goële, France. Stained-Glass Window
depicting Saint Dionysius (Saint Denis) on the Right.
Deutsch: Katholische Pfarrkirche Saint-Jean-Baptiste
(Johannes der Täufer) in Dammartin-en-Goële
m Département Seine-et-Marne (Région Île-de-France/Frankreich),
Bleiglasfenster mit der Jahreszahl 1910, Darstellung:
Herz Jesu und Margareta Maria Alacoque,
links: Bathilde, rechts: Dionysius von Paris
Photo: 4 April 2013.
Source: Own work.
Author: GFreihalter
(Wikimedia Commons)

Dionysius (Denis), the first Bishop of Paris, accompanied by the Priest, Rusticus, and the Deacon, Eleutherius, was sent to Lutetia (Editor: Present-day Paris) in the 3rd-Century A.D. After carrying out his Mission there for several years, he was beheaded with his Companions at Catulliacum, present-day Saint Denis, Paris, where they erected over his tomb a Basilica. It was here that the Kings of France were buried. [Because of his beheading, Saint Dionysius (Denis) is always represented by bearing his head in his hands.] Saint Dionysius (Denis) is one of The Fourteen Auxiliary Saints.

The Gospel and Collect of today's Mass show forth the Christian heroism of these three Martyrs, who fearlessly confessed The Name of Christ before men and remained firm in the midst of their sufferings.

In the 9th-Century A.D., Saint Dionysius was erroneously identified with Saint Dionysius the Areopagite, whence the Epistle in The Mass relating the conversion of the latter Saint, which happened when Saint Paul passed through Greece on his second journey.

Mass: Sapiéntiam sanctórum.

Tuesday, 8 October 2024

Pope Saint Gregory II. Confessor. Reigned From 715 AD - 731 A.D. (Part One).




Pope Saint Gregory II.
This File: 4 December 2006.
User: Nico86
(Wikimedia Commons)


Text from Wikipedia, the free encyclopædia,
unless stated otherwise.

Pope Gregory II (Latin: Gregorius II; 669 A.D. – 11 February 731 A.D.) was the Bishop of Rome from 19 May 715 A.D. to his death.[1]

His defiance of The Roman Emperor, Leo III the Isaurian, as a result of the iconoclastic controversy in the Eastern Empire, prepared the way for a long series of revolts, schisms, and civil wars that eventually led to the establishment of the temporal power of the Popes.

Born into a noble Roman family in the year 669 A.D.,[2] Gregory was the son of Marcellus and Honesta.[3] Gregory II was an alleged collateral ancestor to the Roman Savelli family,[4] according to a 15th-Century chronicler, but this is unattested in contemporary documents and very likely unreliable.


The same was said of the 7th-Century A.D. Pope Benedict II, but nothing certain is known about a kinship between the two of them.

As a young man, he was placed in the Papal Court, and was made a Sub-Deacon and Sacellarius of The Roman See during the Pontificate of Pope Sergius I (687 A.D.–701 A.D.).

Later he was made a Deacon and placed in charge of the Vatican Library.[5] During Pope Constantine’s Pontificate, Gregory was made a Papal Secretary, and accompanied the Pope to Constantinople in 711 A.D. to deal with the issues raised by Rome’s rejection of the Canons of The Quinisext Council.[6]



The actual negotiations on the contentious articles were handled by Gregory, with the result that Emperor Justinian II agreed that the Papacy could disregard whichever of the Council’s decisions it wished to.[7]

After Pope Constantine’s death on 9 April 715 A.D., Gregory was elected Pope, and was Consecrated as Bishop of Rome on 19 May 715 A.D.[5]

Almost immediately, Gregory began the task of repairing Rome’s Aurelian Walls, beginning at the Porta Tiburtina.[5] Work on this task was delayed in October 716 A.D. when The River Tiber burst its banks and flooded Rome, causing immense damage and only receding after eight days.[5]

PART TWO FOLLOWS.
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