Notre Dame de Rouen. The façade of the Gothic Church in France. Photographer: Hippo1947. Licence: SHUTTERSTOCK.

Thursday 30 March 2017

Thursday Of The Fourth Week In Lent. Lenten Station At The Basilica Of Saint Sylvester And Saint Martin.




Text from The Saint Andrew Daily Missal,
unless otherwise stated.

Thursday of The Fourth Week in Lent.
   Station at The Church of Saint Sylvester and Saint Martin.

Indulgence of 10 Years and 10 Quarantines.

Violet Vestments.



English: Basilica of Saint Sylvester and Saint Martin, 
Rome, Italy,

also known as Santi Silvestro e Martino-ai-Monti.
Italiano: San Martino ai Monti, 
Titolo Equizio.
Photo: June 2006.
Source: Own work.
Author: FlagUploader (User:Panairjdde).
(Wikimedia Commons)


The first Christians, for the honour of their Martyrs, built Sanctuaries over their tombs and placed their bodies under The High Altar. From this, the custom is taken of placing Relics in The Altar Stone. From Rome, the Veneration of these Martyrs spread throughout The Church. Saint Martin was one of the first Confessors (a Saint, not a Martyr) to whom Universal Devotion was accorded in The West.

The Lenten Station is a Sanctuary on The Esquiline. A holy Priest had given his house to Pope Saint Sylvester to turn into a Church. It was one of the twenty-five Parish Churches of Rome in the 5th-Century A.D. In the 6th-Century A.D., Pope Saint Symmachus built a new Church, next to the first, on a higher level, and Dedicated both to Saint Sylvester and Saint Martin of Tours. Since a thorough restoration was ordained in the 16th-Century by Saint Charles Borromeo, the Church is called “San Martino ai-San-Monti”.


Portrait of Saint Charles Borromeo
(San Carlo Borromeo).
Artist: Giovanni Ambrogio Figino (1548 - 1608).
Cardinal Archbishop of the Arch-Diocese of Milan (1564 - 1584).
Restored the Basilica of Saint Sylvester and Saint Martin in the 16th-Century.
(Uploaded by User:Lupo to en.wikipedia).
Wikimedia Commons)

This Church was chosen wherein to read the Gospel, which speaks of Resurrection, because, In The Name of The Blessed Trinity, Saint Martin raised three persons from the dead; a symbol of the Baptised, who are born to a new life in the name of The Blessed Trinity.

The Epistle and Gospel announce to us the great Mystery of The Resurrection of Jesus Christ, which is drawing nigh, and in the Celebration of which, at Easter, Public Penitents participated. The Sunamite woman and the widow of Naim had lost their sons. Eliseus, who is a figure of Jesus, raises the first to life and Christ gives back the second to his mother.


The Crypt of the Basilica of Saint Sylvester and Saint Martin
(San Martino-ai-Monti).
Artist:

(Permission from www.wga.hu)
Date: 19 November 2005 (original upload date).
Source: Transferred from en.wikipedia;
transferred to Commons by 
Author: Original uploader was Attilios at en.wikipedia
(Wikimedia Commons)

This is what God, in His Mercy, will do, in The Holy Sacrament of Penance, for Souls which have died by sin. He restores them to The Life of Grace and gives them back to The Church, their Mother. Let us prepare ourselves for The Easter Confession, which will more abundantly fill our Souls with Supernatural Life.

Let us moderate, by Fasting, our Earthly appetites, in order that we may better enjoy Heavenly things (Collect).

Mass: Laetétur cor.




Interior of the Basilica of Saint Sylvester and Saint Martin
(San Martino-ai-Monti,)
Rome, Italy.
Photo: August 2006.
Source: Own work.
Author: Lalupa.
(Wikimedia Commons)


The following Text is from Wikipedia -the free encyclopaedia.

San Martino-ai-Monti, also known as Santi Silvestro e Martino-ai-Monti - Titolo Equizio, is a Basilica Church in Rome, in the Rione Monti neighbourhood of Rome.

The Basilica was Founded by Pope Saint Sylvester I, over land donated by Equitius (hence the name of Titulus Equitii), in the 4th-Century A.D. At the beginning, it was an Oratory devoted to all The Martyrs. It is known that a Preparation Meeting for The Council of Nicaea was held here in 324 A.D.


The Basilica of Saint Sylvester and Saint Martin
(San Martino ai Monti),
Rome, Italy.
Photo: August 2006.
Uploaded by Kurpfalzbilder.de
Author: Francesco Gasparetti from Senigallia, Italy.
(Wikimedia Commons)

The current Church of San Martino ai Monti dates from The Carolingian era, but a 3rd-Century A.D. Pillared Hall has been located below and adjacent to the later Church. This has caused some scholars to identify it with the Titulus Equitii, but, according to Hugo Brandenburg, it is "most unlikely that it could have served as a place of worship for any larger community and its Liturgy: The original purpose of this fairly modest Hall . . . was probably to serve as a storage space for commercial purposes."

In 500 A.D, the Church was rebuilt and Dedicated to Saints Martin of Tours and Pope Saint Sylvester I by Pope Symmachus. On this occasion, the Church was elevated and the first Oratory became subterranean.


Pope Symmachus, 
from the Basilica of Sant'Agnese fuori-le-mura, Rome.
Pope Saint Symmachus (498 A.D. - 514 A.D.) rebuilt the Basilica
of Saint Sylvester and Saint Martin in 500 A.D.
Author: Parrocchia di Santa Agnese fuori le Mura.
(Wikimedia Commons)

Pope Saint Symmachus was Pope from 498 A.D. to 514 A.D. His tenure was marked by a serious Schism over who was legitimately elected Pope by the citizens of Rome.

He was born on Sardinia, the son of Fortunatus; Jeffrey Richards notes that he was born a pagan, and "perhaps the rankest outsider" of all the Ostrogothic Popes, most of whom were members of aristocratic families. Pope Saint Symmachus was Baptised in Rome, where he became Arch-Deacon of The Church under Pope Anastasius II.


English: Interior of Church San Martino ai Monti, 
Rome, Italy.
Česky: Interiér Kostela sv. Martina na hoře, 
Řím, Itálie.
Photo: April 2011.
Source: Own work.
Author: Karelj.
(Wikimedia Commons)

The Basilica was reconstructed by Pope Hadrian I in 772 A.D., and by Pope Sergius II in 845 A.D. The structure of the present Basilica follows the ancient Church, and many pieces have been re-used.

The Church is served by The Order of Carmelites (O.Carm. - Ancient Observance). It was granted to them in 1299 by Pope Boniface VIII; their ownership was confirmed in 1559. The Church is the resting place of Blessed Angelo Paoli, O.Carm. (1642–1720), who was revered throughout Rome for his Service to The Poor; he was Beatified on 25 April 2010.


A lithography of Pope Sergius II,
made before 1923.
Pope Sergius II (844 A.D. - 847 A.D.)
reconstructed the Basilica in 845 A.D.
(Author: Unknown).
(Wikimedia Commons)

The most recent Cardinal-Priest of the Titulus Ss. Silvestri et Martini in Montibus was Armand Razafindratandra (who died on 9 January 2010). The current Cardinal-Priest of the Titulus Ss. Silvestri et Martini in Montibus is Polish Archbishop of Warsaw, Kazimierz Nycz. Among the previous Titulars were Pope Pius XI, Pope Paul VI, and Alfonso de la Cueva, Marqués de Bedmar.

Further transformations were executed in the 17th-Century by Filippo Gagliardi. In the Mid-17th-Century, a series of frescoes, architectural additions, and Altarpieces were commissioned, including landscape and architectural frescoes, of typically Biblical scenes, by Gaspar Dughet and Galgliardi.


The High Altar.
Basilica of Saint Sylvester and Saint Martin,
Rome, Italy.
Photo: August 2006.
Uploaded by Kurpfalzbilder.de
Author: Francesco Gasparetti from Senigallia, Italy.
(Wikimedia Commons)


There is a fresco, by Jan Miel, of Saint Cyril Baptising a Sultan. Fabrizio Chiari (now overpainted by Antonio Cavallucci) painted a Baptism of Christ. Giovanni Antonio Canini painted an Altarpiece of Holy Trinity with Saints Nicholas and Bartholemew. The mannerist, Girolamo Muziano, painted an Altarpiece of Saint Albert. Galeazzo Leoncino painted a fresco of Pope Saint Silvester I holding The Council of 324 A.D. in San Martino.


Interior of the Basilica of
Saint Sylvester and Saint Martin,
Rome, Italy.
Photo: August 2006.
Uploaded by Kurpfalzbilder.de
Author: Francesco Gasparetti from Senigallia, Italy.
(Wikimedia Commons)


Pietro Testa painted The Vision of Saint Angelo, the Carmelite, in The Wilderness. Filippo Gherardi painted an Altarpiece of San Carlo Borromeo. Cannini also painted The Martydom of Saint Stephen. Chiari painted Saint Martin dividing his Cloak with the Beggar. Giovanni Battista Creppi painted "The Vision of Saint Teresa". Matteo Piccione painted the Altarpiece of "Vision of Santa Maria Maddalena de' Pazzi". Paolo Naldini painted the Saints on the Upper Register of the Nave (counter-clockwise starting with first on the Nave, to Right, Ciriaca, Stephen, Fabianus, and Nicander, then Left Nave, Theodore, Martin, Innocent, and Iusta. Daniele Latre painted Saint Anthony and John the Baptist on South Wall (counter-facade), while Naldini painted Saint Peter and Saint Paul.

The Interior has three Naves with ancient Columns. A Votive Lamp, made in Silver Sheet, is housed in The Sacristy; it was believed to be the Tiara of Pope Saint Sylvester I. Under The High Altar are preserved the Relics of Saint Artemius, Saint Paulina, and Saint Sisinnius, brought here from the Catacomb of Priscilla. A mosaic, portraying The Madonna with Pope Saint Sylvester I, is from the 6th-Century A.D.
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Wednesday 29 March 2017

Solemn High Mass In The Dominican Rite. Feast Day Of Saint Vincent Ferrer. Wednesday, 5 April 2017. 1900 hrs. Church Of Saint Vincent Ferrer, New York City.



Text and Illustration: NEW LITURGICAL MOVEMENT

In honour of The Patronal Feast Day of Saint Vincent Ferrer, a Solemn High Mass in The Dominican Rite will be offered on Wednesday, 5 April 2017 at 7:00 p.m., at the Church of Saint Vincent Ferrer, New York City, located at 869 Lexington Avenue and East 66th Street, New York City 10065.

The Church’s Schola Cantorum will sing a very nice selection of polyphony:

Missa Sancti Wilhelmi devotio, by John Taverner (1490-1545);

In dedicatione templi, by Orlando di Lasso (1532-1594);

Quod autem cecidit, by Manuel Cardoso (1566-1650).
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Wednesday Of The Fourth Week In Lent. The Lenten Station Is At The Basilica Of Saint Paul-Without-The-Walls.




Text from The Saint Andrew Daily Missal,
unless otherwise stated.

Wednesday of The Fourth Week in Lent.
   Station at Saint Paul-without-the-Walls.

Indulgence of 10 Years and 10 Quarantines.

Violet Vestments.



English: Basilica of Saint Paul-without-the-Walls, Rome, Italy.
Deutsch: Rom, Sankt Paul vor den Mauern.
Italiano: Statua di San Paolo di fronte alla facciata della
Photo: May 2007.
Source: Own work.
Author: Berthold Werner.
(Wikimedia Commons)

The Station was held at Rome in the great Basilica of Saint Paul, on The Ostian Way. It was natural to assemble near the tomb of The Doctor of The Gentiles on this day, called The Feria of The Great Scrutiny, when they held the The Examination, upon which depended the admission of Catechumens to Baptism.

After the singing of the Introit, which announces the Baptism in which God “will pour on the Souls the water which will cleanse them from all stain,” the Catechumens were exorcised anew, were marked with The Sign of The Cross and received The Imposition of Hands. This water has already purified us.

After having read the Epistle, or the Lessons from the Prophets, Ezechiel and Isaias, who speak of this same purification, “when Souls shall be made White as Snow,” the beginning of The Four Gospels was read to them and The Apostles’ Creed and Pater Noster explained to them. Let us love to read The Gospels, let us often recite The Credo and The Pater Noster.



English: Basilica of Saint Paul-without-the-Walls, Rome, Italy. With its length
of 432 feet, this Basilica ranks eleventh among the largest Churches in the World.
Français: Basilique Saint-Paul-hors-les-Murs, Vatican, située à Rome. Avec sa longueur
de 131,66 mètres, cette Basilique se classe au 11è rang parmi les plus grandes églises au monde.
Photo: September 2010.
Source: Own work.
Author: Tango7174
(Wikimedia Commons)

The Gospel tells us of the healing of the man, blind from birth, who was sent to wash himself in The Pool of Siloe. This is another symbol of Baptism and of the instructions preceding it, which conveyed to the Gentiles the Supernatural Light of which they were deprived, and gave Penance from the defilements which have unfortunately stained our Baptismal innocence, and God will make our Souls White as Snow.

Aware that Fasting is, for The Just Man, a means of increasing his Merits, and, for The Guilty, of obtaining forgiveness for his sins (Collect), let us with courage mortify our bodies so that we may enjoy more readily the things that are of Heaven.

Mass: Cum sanctificátus.



English: Statue of Saint Paul.
Basilica of Saint Paul-without-the Walls, Rome, Italy.
Photo: July 2007.
Source: Own work.
(Wikimedia Commons)

The following Text is from Wikipedia - the free encyclopaedia.

The Papal Basilica of Saint Paul-without-the-Walls, (Italian: Basilica Papale di San Paolo fuori le Mura), is one of Rome's four ancient Major Basilicas or Papal Basilicas, which are: The Basilicas of Saint John Lateran; Saint Mary Major; Saint Peter's; Saint Paul-without-the Walls. James Michael Harvey was named Arch-Priest of Saint Paul-without-the-Walls Basilica in 2012.

The Basilica was Founded by The Roman Emperor, Constantine I, over the burial place of Saint Paul, where it was said that, after the Apostle's execution, his followers erected a Memorial, called a "cella memoriae". This first edifice was expanded under Emperor Valentinian I in the 370s A.D.

In 386 A.D., Emperor Theodosius I began erecting a much larger and more beautiful Basilica, with a Nave and four Aisles, with a Transept; the work, including the mosaics, was not completed until Pope Leo I's Pontificate (440 A.D. – 461 A.D).




English: Facade of The Basilica of Saint Paul-without-the-Walls, Rome.
Polski: Bazylika św. Pawła za Murami.
Italiano: Facciata della Basilica di San Paolo fuori le Mura a Roma.
Photo: June 2007.
Source: Own work.
Author: [Piofol[1]]
(Wikimedia Commons)

In the 5th-Century A.D., it was larger than the Old Saint Peter's Basilica. The Christian poet, Prudentius, who saw it at the time of Emperor Honorius (395 A.D. – 423 A.D), describes the splendours of the Monument in a few expressive lines. As it was Dedicated also to Saints Taurinus and Herculanus, Martyrs of Ostia in the 5th-Century A.D., it was called the Basilica trium Dominorum ("Basilica of The Three Lords").

Under Pope Gregory the Great (590 A.D. – 604 A.D.), the Basilica was extensively modified. The Pavement was raised to place the Altar directly over Saint Paul's tomb.




English: The mosaic on the facade of
the Basilica of Saint Paul-without-the-Walls, Rome.
Italiano: Il grande mosaico della facciata della basilica
di San Paolo fuori le Mura, a Roma.
Photo: March 2010.
Source: Own work.
Author: Luca Camellini.
(Wikimedia Commons)

In that period, there were two Monasteries near the Basilica: Saint Aristus's, for men, and Saint Stefano's, for women. Masses were Celebrated by a special Body of Clerics, instituted by Pope Simplicius. Over time, the Monasteries' and the Basilica's Clergy declined; Pope Saint Gregory II restored the former and entrusted the Monks with the Basilica's care.

As it lay outside The Aurelian Walls, the Basilica was damaged in the 9th-Century A.D., during The Saracen invasions. Consequently, Pope John VIII (872 A.D. – 882 A.D.) fortified the Basilica, the Monastery, and the dwellings of the peasantry, forming the Town of Joannispolis (Italian: Giovannipoli), which existed until 1348, when an earthquake totally destroyed it.




English: Cloisters of the Basilica of Saint Paul-without-the-Walls, Rome.
Deutsch: Kreuzgang der Basilika San Paolo fuori le Mura, Rom.
Blick vom Säulengang in den Innenhof.
Photo: October 2008.
Source: Own work.
Author: W.W.Thaler, Herbert Weber, Hildesheim.
(Wikimedia Commons)

In 937 A.D., when Saint Odo of Cluny came to Rome, Alberic II of Spoleto, Patrician of Rome, entrusted the Monastery and Basilica to his Congregation and Odo placed Balduino of Monte Cassino in charge. Pope Gregory VII was Abbot of the Monastery and, in his time, Pantaleone, a rich merchant of Amalfi, who lived in Constantinople, presented the Bronze Doors of the Basilica Maior; the Doors are inscribed with Pantaleone's Prayer that the "Doors of Life" may be opened to him.



English: Territorial Abbot's Coat-of-Arms.
Pope Martin V (Papacy 1417 - 1431) entrusted the Basilica of Saint Paul-without-the-Walls to the Monks of The Congregation of Monte Cassino. It was then made an Abbey Nullius (Territorial Abbey). The Coat-of-Arms of a "Territorial Abbot" are distinguished by a Green Galero,
with Twelve Tassels, and a Gold Crozier, with a Veil attached.
Polski: Herb opata. Piotr Jaworski, PioM; 19 V 2005r., POLAND/Poznań;
(Wikimedia Commons)

Pope Martin V entrusted the Basilica to the Monks of The Congregation of Monte Cassino. It was then made an Abbey Nullius. The Abbot's jurisdiction extended over the Districts of Civitella San Paolo, Leprignano, and Nazzano, all of which formed Parishes. But the Parish of San Paolo in Rome is under the jurisdiction of The Cardinal Vicar.


English: Basilica of Saint Paul-without-the-Walls, Rome, Italy.
Français: Basilique Saint-Paul-hors-les-Murs, Vatican,
située à Rome, Latium, Italie. Perspective du transept.
Photo: September 2010.
Source: Own work.
Author: Tango7174.
(Wikimedia Commons)

The graceful Cloisters of the Monastery were erected between 1220 and 1241. From 1215 until 1964, the Basilica was The Seat of The Latin Patriarch of Alexandria.

On 15 July 1823, a fire, started through the negligence of a workman who was repairing the lead of the roof, resulted in the almost total destruction of the Basilica, which, alone of all the Churches of Rome, had preserved its primitive character for one thousand four hundred and thirty-five years.

It was re-opened in 1840, and re-Consecrated in 1855 in the presence of Pope Pius IX and fifty Cardinals. Completing the work of reconstruction took longer, however, and many Countries made their contributions. The Viceroy of Egypt sent Pillars of alabaster, the Emperor of Russia the precious malachite and lapis lazuli of the Tabernacle. The work on the principal facade, looking toward the Tiber, was completed by the Italian Government, which declared the Church a National Monument. On 23 April 1891, an explosion at Porta Portese destroyed the Stained Glass.




The Cloisters,
Basilica of Saint Paul-without-the-Walls,
Rome, Italy.
Source: Pierers Universal-Lexikon, 1891.
Scanned by --Immanuel Giel 12:37, 1 Jun 2005 (UTC).
(Wikimedia Commons)





English: Architectural elements of the Cloisters at
The Basilica of Saint Paul-without-the-Walls.
Deutsch: Kreuzgang in der Basilika Major
San Paolo fuori le Mura, Rom, 2005.
Photo: 2005.10.11.
Source: Own work.
Author: W.W.Thaler Herbert Weber, Hildesheim.
(Wikimedia Commons)

On 31 May 2005, Pope Benedict XVI ordered the Basilica to come under the control of an
Arch-Priest and he named Archbishop Andrea Cordero Lanza di Montezemolo as its first
Arch-Priest.

The covered Portico that precedes the facade is a Neo-Classicist addition of the 19th-Century reconstruction. The 20th-Century Door includes the remains of the "leaves" from the original Portal, executed by Staurachius of Chios, around 1070, in Constantinople, with scenes from The New and Old Testaments. On the Right, is The Holy Door, which is opened only during The Jubilees.



English: Basilica of Saint Paul-without-the-Walls,
Rome, Italy.
The Tabernacle of The Confession.
Italiano: Basilica di San Paolo fuori le mura (Roma) -
ciborio di Arnolfo di Cambio.
Polski: Bazylika św. Pawła za Murami w Rzymie - grób św.
Pawła, przykryty gotyckim baldachimem.
Photo: May 2010.
Source: Own work.
Author: Fczarnowski.
(Wikimedia Commons)

The new Basilica has maintained the original structure with one Nave and four Aisles. It is 131 metres (432 ft) long, 65 metres (213 ft) wide, 29 metres (97 ft) high, the second-largest Basilica in Rome.

The Nave's eighty Columns and its stucco-decorated Ceiling are from the 19th-Century. All that remains of the ancient Basilica are the interior portion of the Apse with The Triumphal Arch. The mosaics of the Apse, by Pietro Cavallini, were mostly lost in the 1823 fire; only a few traces were incorporated in the reconstruction.

The 5th-Century A.D. mosaics of The Triumphal Arch are original: an inscription in the lower section attest they were done at the time of Pope Leo I, paid for by Galla Placidia. The subject portrays The Apocalypse of Saint John, with the bust of Christ in the middle, flanked by the twenty-four Doctors of The Church [now, thirty-four Doctors of The Church], surmounted by the flying symbols of The Four Evangelists. Saint Peter and Saint Paul are portrayed at the Right and Left of the Arch, the latter pointing downwards (probably to his tomb). The "Tabernacle of The Confession" of Arnolfo di Cambio (1285), belongs to the 13th-Century.




English: The Cloisters, The Basilica of Saint Paul-without-the-Walls.
Deutsch: Säulen des Kreuzgangs von San Paolo fuori le Mura, Rom.
Photo: October 2008.
Source: Own work.
(Wikimedia Commons)

In the old Basilica, each Pope had his portrait in a frieze, extending above the Columns separating the four Aisles and Nave. A 19th-Century version can be seen now. The Nave's Interior Walls were also re-decorated with scenes from Saint Paul's life in two mosaics. The Sacristy contains a fine statue of Pope Boniface IX.

South of the Transept, are the Cloisters, considered "one of the most beautiful of The Middle Ages". Built by Vassalletto in 1205-1241, they have Double Columns of different shapes. Some Columns have inlays with golden- and coloured-glass mosaics; the same decoration can be seen on the Architrave and the inner frame of the Cloisters. Also visible are fragments from the destroyed Basilica and ancient Sarcophagi, one with scenes of the myth of Apollo.

According to Tradition, Paul's body was buried two miles away from the place of his Martyrdom, in the sepulchral area along The Ostiense Way, which was owned by a Christian woman, named Lucina. A Tropaeum was erected on it and quickly became a place of Veneration.



English: Basilica of Saint Paul-without-the-Walls,
Rome, Italy. The Saint Laurence Chapel.
Français: Basilique Saint-Paul-hors-les-Murs, Vatican, située à
Rome, Latium, Italie. Chapelle de Saint-Laurent.
Photo: September 2010.
Source: Own work.
Author: Tango7174.
(Wikimedia Commons)


Emperor Constantine I erected a Basilica on the Tropaeum's site, and the Basilica was significantly extended by Emperor Theodosius I from 386 A.D., into what is now known as Saint Paul-without-the Walls. During the 4th-Century A.D., Saint Paul's remains, excluding the head, were moved into a Sarcophagus (according to Church Tradition, the head rests at The Lateran).

Saint Paul's tomb is below a marble tombstone in the Basilica's Crypt, at 1.3 metres (4.5 ft) below the Altar. The tombstone bears the Latin inscription "PAULO APOSTOLO MART" ("to Paul the Apostle and Martyr"). The inscribed portion of the tombstone has three holes, two square and one circular. The circular hole is connected to the tomb by a pipeline, reflecting the Roman custom of pouring perfumes inside the Sarcophagus, or to the practice of providing the bones of the dead with libations. The discovery of the Sarcophagus is mentioned in the chronicle of The Benedictine Monastery attached to the Basilica, in regard to the 19th-Century rebuilding. Unlike other Sarcophagi found at that time, this was not mentioned in the excavation papers.

On 6 December 2006, it was announced that Vatican archaeologists had confirmed the presence of a White Marble Sarcophagus beneath the Altar, perhaps containing the remains of the Apostle. A Press Conference, held on 11 December 2006, gave more details of the excavation, which lasted from 2002 to 2006, and which had been initiated after Pilgrims to the Basilica expressed disappointment that the Apostle's tomb could not be visited or touched during The Jubilee Year of 2000. The Sarcophagus was not extracted from its position, so that only one of its two narrow sides is visible.



English: The Saint Benedict Chapel,
Basilica of Saint Paul-without-the-Walls.
Italiano: Basilica di San Paolo Fuori le Mura - capella di san Benedetto.
Polski: Bazylika św. Pawła za Murami w Rzymie - kaplica św. Benedykta.
Photo: May 2010.
Source: Own work.
Author: Fczarnowski.
(Wikimedia Commons)


On 29 June 2009, Pope Benedict XVI announced that Carbon-14 Dating of bone fragments in the Sarcophagus confirmed a date in the 1st- or 2nd-Century A.D. "This seems to confirm the unanimous and uncontested Tradition that they are the mortal remains of The Apostle Paul", Benedict announced at a Service in the Basilica to mark the end of The Vatican's Pauline Year in honour of the Apostle. With the bone fragments, archaeologists discovered some grains of incense, and pieces of Purple Linen with Gold Sequins and Blue Linen Textiles.

A curved line of bricks, indicating the outline of the Apse of the Constantinian Basilica, was discovered immediately to the West of the Sarcophagus, showing that the original Basilica had its entrance to the East, like Saint Peter's Basilica in the Vatican. The larger 386 A.D. Basilica, that replaced it, had the Via Ostiense (the road to Ostia) to The East and so was extended Westward, towards The River Tiber, changing the orientation diametrically.
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Tuesday 28 March 2017

"Let's Go Once More Around The World. I've Still Got Forty Cents."



"Once more around the World.
I've still got Forty Cents."
Cartes anciennes de Germaine Bouret.
Old Cards by GERMAINE BOURET.
Illustration: PINTEREST
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Tuesday Of The Fourth Week In Lent. The Lenten Station Is At The Basilica Of Saint Laurence's-in-Damaso.




Text from The Saint Andrew Daily Missal,
unless otherwise stated.

Tuesday of The Fourth Week in Lent.
   Station at Saint Laurence's-in-Damaso.

Indulgence of 10 Years and 10 Quarantines.

Violet Vestments.



Rome, Italy.
The Lenten Stational Church for
The Tuesday of The Fourth Week in Lent.




The Nave,
Basilica of Saint Laurence's-in-Damaso, 
Rome, Italy.


The Lenten Station is at the Church built in the 4th-Century A.D., by Pope Saint Damasus, in honour of the celebrated Deacon, the Martyr, Saint Laurence. This Sanctuary, in the 5th-Century A.D., was one of the twenty-five Parish Churches of Rome. The Palace adjoining contained the archives of the Church in Saint Damasus' time; it is now the Pontifical Cancellaria.

The Epistle carries us to Sinai. God had seen, with indignation, His people prostrated at the foot of the golden calf: He announced to Moses His intention of destroying this ungrateful Race. Moses Prayed and his Prayer appeased The Divine Anger. He descended from the mountain, chastised the idolaters and brought the Israelites to repentance. Let us do Penance, and God will hear our Prayers, since we are, henceforth, part of the people of God.

The Gospel introduces us into the Temple, where Jesus is accused by His perfidious enemies. He confounds them by appealing to the authority of Moses, but fails to change their hearts. Rejected by Jerusalem, He will Found a New People, The Church, which spreads over the whole World and will soon have the joy of seeing increased numbers of her children at The Paschal Festivities. Let us rejoice that we are Members of this Church.

The Prayer of Moses, upon the idolatry of his people (Epistle), has been interpreted as an allusion to the Schism that occurred in Rome on the Election of Pope Damasus. This act of rebellion was like that which was evoked by the opposition that Our Lord encountered on The Feast of Tabernacles (Gospel).

Mass: Exáudi, Deus.




The Entrance Door 
of San Lorenzo-in-Damaso,
Rome, Italy, 
incorporated into the Palazzo della Cancelleria.
Photo: September 2006.
Source: Own work.
Author: Lalupa
(Wikimedia Commons)


The following Text is from Wikipedia - the free encyclopaedia.

San Lorenzo-in-Damaso (Saint Laurence in the House of Damasus) is a Basilica Church in Rome, one of several Dedicated to the Roman Deacon and Martyr, Saint Laurence. Known since antiquity (The Synod of Pope Symmachus, 499 A.D.) as "Titulus Damasi", according to Tradition, San Lorenzo-in-Damaso was built by Pope Damasus I in his own house, in the 380s A.D.

Pope Damasus is known to have been raised in the service of the Basilica of Saint Laurence-outside-the-Walls, in Rome, and, following the death of Pope Liberius, he succeeded to the Papacy amidst factional violence. A group of Damasus' supporters, previously loyal to his opponent, Felix, attacked and killed rivals loyal to Liberius' Deacon, Ursinus, in a riot that required the intervention of the Emperor, Valentinian I, to quell.



Pope Saint Damasus I
(Pope from 366 A.D. - 384 A.D.)

Artist: Juan Carreño de Miranda (1614–1685).
(Wikimedia Commons)

Donato Bramante rebuilt the Church in the 15th-Century, by order of Cardinal Raffaele Riario, within the restoration works of the neighbouring Palazzo della Cancelleria. The last restoration was necessary after a fire that damaged the Basilica in 1944.

Immediately to the Right of the Entrance, is the Memorial of Alessandro Valtrini, designed by Gian Lorenzo Bernini in 1639.

The first Chapel, to the Right, houses a "Virgin with Saints Filippo Neri and Nicolò" by Sebastiano Conca, while the Ceiling is frescoed with "Eternity Appears to San Nicola" by Corrado Giaquinto. The first Chapel, to the Left, has a "Last Supper" by Vincenzo Berrettini.



Façade of the Palazzo della Cancelleria,
Rome, Italy.
The smaller door, in the centre, is the entrance to
The Minor Basilica of Saint Laurence's-in-Damaso (San Lorenzo-in-Damaso).
Photo: January 2006.
Source: Own work.
Author: Lalupa
(Wikimedia Commons)

In the first Nave to the Left, are statues of Saints Francesco Saverio and Carlo Borromeo by Stefano Maderno. To the Right of the Nave, there is a Monument to Gabriella di Savoia Massimo by Pietro Tenerani. The Presbytery, modified by Bernini, is the "Altarpiece of Saints" and "Coronation of Mary" by Federico Zuccari.

In the Nave, to the Left of the Presbytery, is the Chapel of The Santissima Concezione, completed and frescoed (1635-1638) by Pietro da Cortona. Other works include the Monument of Cardinal Trevisan (1505), the Madonna delle Gioie, attributed to Nicolò Circignani, and the Monument of Annibal Caro (1566), by Giovanni Antonio Dosio.

The Cardinal Priest of the Titulus S. Laurentii-in-Damaso is Antonio Rouco Varela, Archbishop of Madrid.
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Monday 27 March 2017

In The Choir Of Aachen Cathedral.



English: In The Choir Of Aachen Cathedral.
Deutsch: Im Chor des Münsters zu Aachen. Signiert. Datiert 1890.
Artist: Franz Stegmann.
Date: 1890.
Author: Franz Stegmann (1831–1892).
(Wikimedia Commons)
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Monday Of The Fourth Week In Lent. Lenten Station At The Basilica Of The Four Holy Crowned Martyrs (Santi Quattro Coronati).




Text from The Saint Andrew Daily Missal,
unless otherwise stated.

Monday of The Fourth Week in Lent.
Station at The Four Holy Crowned Martyrs.

Indulgence of 10 Years and 10 Quarantines.

Violet Vestments.



The First Courtyard, with The Guard Tower,
of The Basilica of Santi Quattro Coronati
(The Four Holy Crowned Martyrs),
Rome, Italy.
Photo: November 2005.
Source: Own work.
Author: Lalupa.
(Wikimedia Commons)

The Station is on Mount Caelius, in a Church erected in the 7th-Century A.D. in honour of The Four Officers of The Roman Army, who, having refused to adore a statue of Aesculapius, received The Crown of Martyrdom. These were "The Four Crowned Ones", whose Relics are Venerated in this Sanctuary, together with the head of the Martyr, Saint Sebastian, an Officer of The Army of Emperor Diocletian. This Basilica was one of the twenty-five Parish Churches of Rome in the
5th-Century A.D.

The Epistle relates to us the famous Judgement of Solomon. One of the two women who appealed to his justice, having suffocated her child, whilst asleep, was jealous of her rival, whose son was living. She represents the Synagogue, whose rulers, by their indifference, had stifled Religious Life in Israel and who were jealous of the Gentiles, to whom the Church had given life through Baptism and Penance. Penitents and Catechumens prepared themselves for Baptism and Penance during Lent. Let us also prepare ourselves for our Easter Confession.

The Wisdom of Solomon, admired by the whole World, is a figure of the wisdom of the true Solomon, whose doctrine comes to regenerate the world. The Gospel of today establishes another superiority of Jesus over His Royal Ancestor: Solomon had built a Temple, rich beyond compare. Jesus, speaking of His Own Body, throws this challenge to His enemies: "Destroy this Temple, and in Three Days I will raise It up." He Rises, indeed, The Third Day after His Death. From The Church, His Mystical Body, He drives out the unworthy, as He had driven out The Sellers from the Temple, and receives into it all those who believe in Him.

Let us make ourselves pleasing to God, in body and in Soul, by the Religious Observance of The Holy Practices of Lent.

Mass: Deus, in nómine.





The Internal Courtyard
of The Basilica of Santi Quattro Coronati
(The Four Holy Crowned Martyrs),
Rome, Italy.
Photo: September 2006.
Source: Own work.
Author: Lalupa
(Wikimedia Commons)

The following Text is from Wikipedia - the free encyclopaedia.

Santi Quattro Coronati is an ancient Minor Basilica in Rome. The original Church dates back to the 4th- or 5th-Century A.D., and is devoted to four anonymous Saints and Martyrs. The complex of the Basilica, with its two Courtyards, the fortified Cardinal Palace with the Saint Sylvester Chapel, and the Monastery, with its cosmatesque Cloister, is built in a silent and green part of Rome, between the Colosseum and San Giovanni-in-Laterano.

"Santi Quattro Coronati" means "The Four Holy Crowned Ones" [i.e. Martyrs], and refers to the fact that the Saints' names are not known, and therefore referred to with their number, and that they were Martyrs, since the Crown, together with the Branches of Palm, is an ancient symbol of Martyrdom.

According to The Passion of Saint Sebastian, The Four Saints were Soldiers, who refused to sacrifice to Aesculapius, and therefore were killed by order of Emperor Diocletian (284 A.D. - 305 A.D.). The bodies of the Martyrs were buried in the Cemetery of Santi Marcellino e Pietro, on the fourth mile of via Labicana, by Pope Miltiades and Saint Sebastian (whose Skull is preserved in the Church). Pope Miltiades decided that the Martyrs should be Venerated with the names of Claudius, Nicostratus, Simpronianus and Castorius. The bodies of the Martyrs are kept in four ancient Sarcophagi in the Crypt. According to a lapid, dated 1123, the Head of one of The Four Martyrs is buried in Santa Maria-in-Cosmedin.


Tradition holds the first Church was begun by Pope Miltiades in the 4th-Century A.D., on the North Side of The Caelian Hill. One of the first Churches of Rome, it bore the Titulus "Aemilianae", from the name of the Foundress, who probably owned the elaborate Roman villa, whose structure is evident under the Church. The Church was completed at the end of the 6th-Century A.D., and, because of its proximity to the Mediaeval Papal residence of The Lateran Palace, it became prominent in its day.

The first renovations occurred under Pope Leo IV (847 A.D. - 855 A.D.), who built the Crypt under the Nave, added Side Aisles, enclosed the Courtyard before the facade, and built the Bell-Tower and the Chapels of Saint Barbara and Saint Nicholas. The Basilica, Carolingian in Style, was ninety-five metres long and fifty metres wide.




Interior of The Basilica of
The Four Holy Crowned Martyrs,
Rome, Italy.
Photo: May 2008.
Source: Own work.
Author: Lalupa
(Wikimedia Commons)

This Church, however, was burned to the ground by Robert Guiscard's Troops during the Norman Sack of Rome (1084). Instead of re-building the original Basilica to scale, Pope Paschal II built a smaller Basilica with two Courtyards, one in front of the other; the first corresponding to the original 9th-Century A.D. Courtyard, while the second was sited over the initial part of the Nave. The two Aisles were included in The Cardinal Palace and in The Benedictine Monastery, Founded by Pope Paschal II. The original Apse of The Basilica, however, was preserved, and seems over-sized for the new Church, whose Nave was divided into three parts by means of Columns. The new Church was Consecrated on 20 January 1116. In 1338, it was a possession of Sassovivo Abbey.




English: Sassovivo Abbey, Perugia, Italy.
This Abbey owned The Basilica of
The Four Holy Crowned Martyrs in 1338.
Italiano: Abbazia di Sassovivo,
Foligno, Perugia, Umbria, Italy.
Photo: September 2007.
This File: 29 September 2007.
User: Cantalamessa.
(Wikimedia Commons)


In the 13th-Century, a Cosmatesque Cloister was added. Cosmatesque, or Cosmati, is a Style of geometric decorative inlay stonework, typical of Mediaeval Italy, and especially of Rome and its surroundings. It was used most extensively for the decoration of Church floors, but was also used to decorate Church Walls, Pulpits, and Bishop's Thrones. The name derives from the Cosmati, the leading family workshop of Marble Craftsmen in Rome, who created such geometrical decorations. The style spread across Europe, where it was used in the most prestigious Churches; The High Altar of Westminster Abbey, for example, is decorated with a Cosmatesque Marble Floor.

The Cardinal Palace was enlarged by Cardinal Stefano Conti, a nephew of Pope Innocent III. Cardinal Conti also transformed the Palace into a Fortress, to shelter Popes in The Lateran during the Conflict with the Hohenstaufen Emperors. In 1247, the Chapel of Saint Sylvester, on the Ground Floor of the Fortress, was Consecrated; it contains frescoes depicting stories of Pope Silvester I and Emperor Constantine I. Painted in the backdrop of political struggles between Pope Innocent IV and the freshly-Excommunicated Holy Roman Emperor, Frederick II, the frescoes are meant to underscore the desired Sovereignty of The Church (Pope Silvester I) over the Empire (Emperor Constantine).


In the 13th-Century, a Cosmatesque Cloister was added.
to The Basilica of The Four Holy Crowned Martyrs (Santi Quattro Coronati).
Above, is a Cosmatesque screen,
Rome, Italy.
Photo: September 2005.
(Wikimedia Commons)


When the Popes moved to Avignon (14th-Century), the Cardinal Palace fell into ruin. Thus, upon the return of the Popes to Rome, with Pope Martin V, a Restoration was necessary. However, when The Papal Residence moved from The Lateran to The Vatican Palace, this Basilica lost importance. In 1564, Pope Pius IV entrusted The Basilica and the buildings to The Augustinians, who still serve it.

The interest in the history of this complex renewed in 1913, thanks to the work of The Fine Arts Superintendent Antonio Muñoz. Once the building became an orphanage, The Augustinian Nuns put a revolving drum by its entrance, which was used as a "Deposit Box" for unwanted babies.

The Apse contains the frescoes (1630) by Giovanni da San Giovanni of The Four Patron Martyr Saints. The Altarpiece on the Left Nave, of San Sebastiano curato da Lucina e Irene, was painted by Giovanni Baglione. The Second Courtyard holds the Entrance to The Oratorio di San Silvestro, with frescoes of Mediaeval origin, as well as others by Raffaellino da Reggio.



Pope Pius IV
(Pope from 1559-1565)
entrusted The Basilica to The Augustinians.

Santi Quattro Coronati has belonged to The Titular Churches of Rome from at least the end of the 6th-Century A.D. Among the previous Titulars are Pope Leo IV (847 A.D.), King Henry of Portugal, who, in 1580, donated the magnificent Wooden Ceiling, and Pope Benedict XV (1914). The full list is known only from The Pontificate of Gregory VII (1073-1085).

In 2002, art historian Andreina Draghi discovered an amazing display of frescoes, dating back to the 13th-Century, while restoring The Gothic Hall of The Monastery. Most of the scenes were well preserved under a thick layer of plaster, and represented The Twelve Months, The Liberal Arts, The Four Seasons and The Zodiac. The image of King Solomon, a pious judge, painted on the Northern Wall, led scholars to argue the room was meant to be a Hall of Justice. Plaster was possibly laid after the 1348 Black Death for hygienic reasons, or, perhaps in the 15th-Century, when the Camaldolese left the Monastery.
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