Notre Dame de Rouen. The façade of the Gothic Church in France. Photographer: Hippo1947. Licence: SHUTTERSTOCK.

Thursday 1 March 2018

Hapus Dydd Gwyl Dewi. Happy Saint David's Day. Feast Day 1 March.




The Welsh National Anthem.
Available on YouTube at




The Welsh Dragon.
Flag of Wales.
Illustration: DINO





In Wales, the Daffodil is a symbol of the Patron Saint, David (Welsh: Dewi Sant), and
of rebirth and faithfulness, because they bloom every year, even after the harshest Winters.
Illustration: PINTEREST




The Welsh National Anthem, 
just before Wales beat England 30-3, 
Saturday, 16 March 2013.
Available on YouTube at





The Welsh National Anthem.
Available on YouTube at


Hen Wlad Fy Nhadau is the Welsh national anthem.

The tune and words were the work of
the father and son team of Evan James (1809 - 1878)
and James James (1833 - 1902).

Cymraeg:

Mae hen wlad fy nhadau yn annwyl i mi Gwlad beirdd a chantorion enwogion o fri Ei gwrol ryfelwr, gwlad garwyr tra mad Tros ryddid collasant eu gwaed. Gwlad Gwlad, Pleidiol wyf i'm gwlad, Tra mor yn fur i'r bur hoff bau O bydded i'r hen iaith barhau



English:
Land of my Fathers, O land of the free, A land of poets and minstrels, famed men. Her brave warriors, patriots much blessed, It was for freedom that they lost their blood. Wales ! Wales !,
I am devoted to my country. So long as the sea is a wall to this fair beautiful land, May the ancient language remain.




Cymraeg: Baner Dewi Sant.
Image: August 2006.
Source: Altered from Image:Flag of Cornwall.svg.
Author: User:Stemonitis.
(Wikimedia Commons)






Saint David's Day.
Available on YouTube at

Saint David's Day is on 1 March. He brought Christianity to Wales in the 6th-Century A.D.
Saint David (Dewi Sant) is The Patron Saint of Wales and 1 March is The Welsh National Day.
This is an edited version of 'Songs of Praise' 24/02/2013.
The final song is sung by Rhys Meirion, in Welsh, accompanied by a Traditional Welsh Harp.
The Welsh name for the City of Saint David is Tyddewi.





Cymraeg: Darlun o Ddewi Sant ar ffenestr lliw yng

Nghapel 

Coleg 
yr Iesu, Rhydychen. 19eg ganrif hwyr.
English: Late-19th-Century Stained-Glass Window

Jesus College Chapel, Oxford, England, 
depicting Saint David.
Photo: June 2006.
Source: Own work.
Author: Casper Gutman.
(Wikimedia Commons)




HAPUS DYDD GWYL DEWI.

HAPPY SAINT DAVID'S DAY.




The Welsh Flag.
Illustration: WALES ONLINE




The Treorchy Male Voice Choir 
singing "Sanctus", 
Saint David's Day, 1989.
Available on YouTube at



And, as a Saint David's Day Bonus to all Welshmen,
watch "The Greatest Rugby Try Ever Scored"
(The Barbarians versus The All Blacks).

Scored, naturally, by a Welshman.

Watch, below.



"The Greatest Rugby Try Ever Scored".
Available on YouTube at



Thursday Of The Second Week In Lent. Lenten Station At Basilica Santa Maria-In-Trastevere (Saint Mary's-Beyond-The-Tiber).



Text from The Saint Andrew Daily Missal,
unless otherwise stated.

Thursday of The Second Week in Lent.


Station at Saint Mary's-Beyond-The-Tiber.

Indulgence of 10 Years and 10 Quarantines.

Violet Vestments.




Basilica of Santa Maria-in-Trastevere, Rome.
Photo: July 2008.
Source: Own work.
Author: Jensens.
(Wikimedia Commons)


Today's Station takes place in a Basilica erected shortly after The Peace of Constantine, by Pope Saint Julius I, and which is one of the first Churches in Rome Dedicated to The Mother of God. Mary is represented seated among The Wise Virgins, who hold their lamps. This is an allusion to the spring of oil, which gushed out at this spot shortly before The Birth of Him Whom she had the happiness of carrying in her arms, and Who is called Christ, or, The Anointed of The Lord. This was one of the twenty-five Parishes of 5th-Century A.D. Rome.

Jeremias speaks to us in the Epistle of two men, one of whom put his trust in himself and the other in God. The first dries up like the heather in the desert, and the second bears the abundant fruits of his good works.

In like manner, says the Parable in the Gospel, there were two men, one of whom enjoyed life instead of doing Penance and the other suffered. The first went to Hell, whilst the second was carried by The Angels into Abraham's bosom.

This is a symbol of Israel, who rejected Christ and was cast out, whilst the Gentiles, through Baptism and Penance, enter into The Kingdom of God.

Let us implore The Lord to grant us, by His Grace, perseverance in Prayer and Fasting, in order that we may be delivered from the enemies both of Soul and body (Collect).

Mass: Deus, in adjutórium.




The Apse, 
Basilica of Santa Maria-in-Trastevere, 
Rome, Italy.
Photo: April 2007.
Source: Own work.
Author: Goldmund100.
(Wikimedia Commons)



The following Text is from Wikipedia.

The Basilica of Our Lady-in-Trastevere (Italian: Basilica di Santa Maria-in-Trastevere) is a Titular Minor Basilica, one of the oldest Churches of Rome, perhaps the first in which Mass was openly Celebrated. The basic Floor Plan and wall structure of the Church date back to 340 A.D. The first Sanctuary was built between 221 A.D. and 227 A.D. by Pope Calixtus I and Pope Julius I.

The Inscription on The Episcopal Throne states that it is the first Church Dedicated to Mary, Mother of Jesus, although some claim that privilege belongs to The Basilica di Santa Maria Maggiore. In its Founding, it is certainly one of the oldest Churches in the City.

A Christian House-Church was founded here, about 220 A.D., by Pope Saint Callixtus I (217 A.D. - 222 A.D.) on the site of the Taberna Meritoria, an asylum for retired soldiers. The area was given over to Christian use by Emperor Alexander Severus, when he settled a dispute between the Christians and tavern-keepers, saying, according to The Liber Pontificalis: "I prefer that it should belong to those who honour God, whatever be their form of worship."

In 340 A.D., Pope Julius I (337 A.D. - 352 A.D.) rebuilt the Titulus Callixti on a larger scale, and it became the Titulus Iulii, commemorating his Patronage. It was one of the original twenty-five Parishes in Rome.




The Altemps Chapel, 
Basilica of Santa Maria-in-Trastevere, 
Rome, Italy.
Photo: October 2005.
Picture taken by User:Torvindus.
(Wikimedia Commons)


It underwent two Restorations in the 5th- and 8th-Centuries A.D.. In 1140-1143, the Church was re-erected on its old Foundations, under Pope Innocent II. He razed the Church to the ground, along with the recently-completed tomb of his former rival, Pope Anacletus II, and arranged for his own burial on the spot formerly occupied by that tomb.

The richly-carved Ionic Capitals, re-used along its Nave, were taken either from the ruins of The Baths of Caracalla or the nearby Temple of Isis on The Janiculum. When scholarship during the 19th-Century identified the faces in their carved decoration as Isis, Serapis and Harpocrates, a Restoration under Pope Pius IX, in 1870, hammered off the offending depictions.

The predecessor of the present Church was probably built in the Early-4th-Century A.D., although that Church was the successor to one of the Tituli, those Early-Christian Basilicas that were ascribed to a Patron and perhaps literally inscribed with his name. The mortal remains of Pope Callixtus I (+222 A.D.) are preserved under The High Altar.




Pope Pius IV promulgating The Bull "Benedictus Deus".
Artist: Pasquale Cati.
Fresco (1588).
The Altemps Chapel, 
Rome, Italy.
Photo: June 2004.
Source: Own work.
Author: Torvindus.
(Wikimedia Commons


Inside the Church, are a number of Late-13th-Century mosaics by Pietro Cavallini, on the subject of The Life of The Virgin (1291), centreing on a "Coronation of The Virgin" in the Apse. Domenichino's Octagonal Ceiling Painting, "Assumption of The Virgin" (1617) fits in the Coffered Ceiling that he designed.


The fifth Chapel, to the Left, is the Avila Chapel, designed by Antonio Gherardi. This, and his Chapel of Santa Cecilia in San Carlo ai Catinari, are two of the most architecturally-inventive Chapels of the Late-17th-Century in Rome. The Lower Order of the Chapel is fairly dark and employs Borromini-like forms. In the Dome, there is an opening, or oculus, from which four Putti emerge to carry a Central Tempietto, all of which frames a light-filled Chamber above, illuminated by windows not visible from below.



The Avila Chapel (designed by Antonio Gherardi)
in The Basilica di Santa Maria-in-Trastevere, Rome.
Photo: October 2005.
Picture taken by Torvindus.
(Wikimedia Commons)


The Church keeps a Relic of Saint Apollonia (her head, as well as a portion of The Holy Sponge). Among those buried in the Church are the Relics of Pope Callixtus I, Pope Innocent II, Anti-Pope Anacletus II, Cardinal Philippe d'Alençon and Cardinal Lorenzo Campeggio.

The Romanesque Campanile is from the 12th-Century. Near the top, a Niche protects a mosaic of The Madonna and Child.

The mosaics on the façade are probably from the 12th-Century. They depict The Madonna enthroned and suckling The Child, flanked by ten women holding lamps. This image on the façade, showing Mary nursing Jesus, is an early example of a popular Late-Mediaeval and Renaissance type of image of The Virgin. The motif itself originated much earlier, with significant 7th-Century A.D. Coptic examples at Wadi Natrun, in Egypt.

The façade of the Church was restored by Carlo Fontana, in 1702, who replaced the ancient Porch with a sloping tiled Roof. The Octagonal Fountain, in the Piazza in front of the Church (Piazza di Santa Maria-in-Trastevere), which already appears in a map of 1472, was also restored by Carlo Fontana.




English: The Ceiling of The Basilica of Our Lady's-in-Trastevere, Rome.
Italiano: Basilica di Santa Maria in Trastevere, Roma (soffitto, un particolare).
Polski: Bazylika Najświętszej Maryi Panny na Zatybrzu w Rzymie (fragment kasetonowego sufitu).
Photo: September 2010.
Source: Own work.
Author: Fczarnowski.
(Wikimedia Commons)


Ancient sources maintain that the Titulus Santa Mariae was established by Pope Alexander I around 112 A.D. Later Traditions give the names of the early Patrons of the Tituli and have retrospectively assigned them the Title of Cardinal: thus, at that time, the Cardinal-Patron of this Basilica, these Traditions assert, would have been Saint Calepodius. Pope Calixtus I confirmed the Titulus in 221 A.D. To honour him, it was changed into Ss. Callisti et Iuliani; it was re-named S. Mariae Trans Tiberim (Saint Mary's-Beyond-The-Tiber) by Pope Innocent II.

By the 12th-Century, Cardinal Deacons, as well as the Presbyters, had long been dispensed from personal service at the Tituli. Among the past Cardinal Priests holding the honorary Titulus of Santa Maria-in-Trastevere, have been the Cardinal Duke of York (whose Coat-of-Arms, topped by a Crown, rather than a Galero (Red Hat), is visible over the Screen to the Right of The Altar), James Gibbons and Pope Leo XII. Józef Glemp was the most recent Cardinal Priest of the Titulus S. Mariae Trans Tiberim, until his death in January 2013.

Wednesday 28 February 2018

The Eighth Amendment In Ireland Protects Mothers And Babies. It Must Not Be Repealed.




Get more information,
and give your support to The Little Ones,
by contacting



and


and

Wednesday Of The Second Week In Lent. Lenten Station At Santa Cecilia-In-Trastevere.



Text from The Saint Andrew Daily Missal,
unless stated otherwise.

Wednesday of The Second Week in Lent.


Station at Saint Cecilia's.

Indulgence of 10 Years and 10 Quarantines.

Violet Vestments.




Interior of Santa Cecilia-in-Trastevere, Rome.
Photo: 2007-05-19 (original upload date).
Source: Originally from en.wikipedia; description page is/was here.
Author: Original uploader was Dreamword at en.wikipedia
(Wikimedia Commons)





The Martyrdom of Saint Cecilia, 
by Stefano Maderno (1575 - 1636),
Church of Saint Cecilia, Rome. 
One of the most famous examples of Baroque sculpture.
Photo: January 2005.
Source: Flickr.
Reviewer: Andre Engels.
(Wikimedia Commons)


The Lenten Station is at the Sanctuary where the body of the illustrious Roman Virgin, Saint Cecilia, rests. It was there she lived and died a Martyr. In the 5th-Century A.D., this Church was mentioned as one of the most celebrated Parochial or Titular Churches of Rome. It is situated in Trastevere. It was customary to read, in this Church, the Gospel in which Jesus tells a woman it is necessary to drink His Chalice, if one is to participate in His Glory.

We read, at the Epistle, The Prayer of Mardochai, in favour of the Jewish people, whom the impious Aman had determined to destroy. He implored The Lord to turn their sadness into joy. The Christian people, in the same way, are mourning in their Lenten Penance and are looking forward to The Holy Paschal Joys. But, to deserve them, as the Gospel tells us, we must first drink The Chalice of The One Who came to shed His Blood to Redeem us, and Who will make us sharers in His Resurrection, if we die to our sins.

Let us abstain from the food which sustains our bodies, and from the vices which poison our Souls (Collect).

Mass: Ne derelínquas me.



Basilica di Santa Cecilia-in-Trastevere.
Photo: January 2006.
Source: Own work.
Author: MarkusMark.
(Wikimedia Commons)





The Ciborium, 
Church of Santa Cecilia-in-Trastevere, 
Rome, Italy.
Attributed to Arnolfo di Cambio.
Photo: June 2012.
Source: Own work.
Author: Ktulu.
(Wikimedia Commons)





The Crypt Chapel of Santa Cecilia.
Photo: December 2006.
Source: Porkister.
Author: Claudiu Georgescu.
(Wikimedia Commons)



The following Text is from Wikipedia.

The first Church on this site was founded probably in the 3rd-Century A.D., by Pope Urban I; it was devoted to the Roman Martyr, Cecilia, Martyred, it is said, under Marcus Aurelius Severus Alexander.

By the Late-5th-Century A.D., at The Synod of 499 A.D. of Pope Symmachus, the Church is indicated with the Titulus Ceciliae. Tradition holds that the Church was built over the house of the Saint.

The Baptistry associated with this Church, together with the remains of a Roman house of The Early Empire, was found during excavations under the Chapel of The Relics. On 22 November, 545 A.D., Pope Vigilius was Celebrating the Saint in the Church, when the Emissary of Empress Theodora, Antemi Scribone, captured him.

Pope Paschal I rebuilt the Church in 822 A.D., and moved here the Relics of Saint Cecilia from the Catacombs of Saint Calixtus. More Restorations followed in the 18th-Century.




The Crypt of Santa Cecilia-in-Trastevere.
Photo: 2005-06-01.
Photographer: tieseb.
Original Source: Flickr.com.
Original Photo: [1]
(Wikimedia Commons)


With the death of Carlo Maria Martini, in 2012, there is currently no Cardinal Priest assigned to the Titulus S. Caeciliae. Among the previous Titulars are Pope Stephen III, Adam Easton, Thomas Wolsey and Giuseppe Maria Doria Pamphili.

Among the artefacts remaining, from the 13th-Century, are a mural painting, depicting The Final Judgement (1289-1293), by Pietro Cavallini, in The Choir of The Monks, and the Ciborium (1293) in the Presbytery, by Arnolfo di Cambio. The Gothic Ciborium is surrounded by four Marble Columns, White and Black, decorated with statuettes of Angels, Saints, Prophets, and Evangelists. The Apse has remains of 9th-Century A.D. mosaics, depicting The Redeemer with Saints Paul, Cecilia, Pope Paschal I, Peter, Valerian, and Agatha.




English: Interior of Santa Cecilia-in-Trastevere. 
Looking towards the Organ Loft.
Italiano: Roma, Santa Cecilia-in-Trastevere:
Interno verso l'ingresso e coretti delle monache in luogo dell'organo.
Photo: December 2006.
User: Lalupa.
(Wikimedia Commons)


Among the most remarkable works, is the graphic Altar sculpture of Saint Cecilia (1600) by the Late-Renaissance sculptor, Stefano Maderno. The pavement in front of the statue encloses a marble slab, with Maderno's sworn statement that he has recorded the body as he saw it when the tomb was opened in 1599.

The statue depicts the three axe strokes described in the 5th-Century A.D. account of her Martyrdom. It also is meant to underscore the incorruptibility of her body (an attribute of some Saints), which miraculously still had congealed blood, after Centuries.

The Crypt is also noteworthy, decorated in the Cosmatesque Style, containing the Relics of Saint Cecilia and her husband, Saint Valerian.

Tuesday 27 February 2018

Saint Gabriel Of Our Lady Of Sorrows. Confessor. Feast Day 27 February.


Text from The Saint Andrew Daily Missal,
unless stated otherwise.

Saint Gabriel Of Our Lady Of Sorrows. 
   Confessor. 
   Feast Day 27 February.

Double.

White Vestments.


Saint Gabriel of Our Lady of Sorrows.
Passionist Saint and Patron of Students and Young People.

Saint Gabriel of The Seven Sorrows, born in 1838 at Assisi, Italy, the little Italian town made famous by Saint Francis of Assisi, was miraculously guided by Our Blessed Lady into The Passionist Congregation, and, during his short life upon Earth, he became a veritable Apostle of her Sorrows.

His spirit of Penance and self-denial, his heroic humility, and his true devotion to Our Lord's Sacred Passion, quickly raised him to a high degree of Sanctity.

In 1862, only in the twenty-fourth year of his age, his Heavenly Patroness came to call him to Eternal Happiness. The many Miracles, that bore witness to his holiness, led to his speedy Canonisation by Pope Benedict XV in 1920, and Pope Pius XI extended his Feast Day to the whole Church in 1932.

Mass: Oculus Dei.
Commemoration: Of The Feria, in Lent.
Last Gospel: Of The Feria, in Lent.



English: The Church of Saint Gabriel of Our Lady of Sorrows, Italy.
Italiano: Santuario di San Gabriele dell'Addolorata ad Isola del Gran Sasso d'Italia, in Italia.
Photo: 29 June 2007.
Source: Vacanze abruzzesi.
Author: freegiampi.
(Wikimedia Commons)

The following Text is from Wikipedia - the free encyclopaedia.

Saint Gabriel of Our Lady of Sorrows (born Francesco Possenti, 1 March 1838 – 27 February 1862) was an Italian Passionist Clerical student. Born to a professional family, he gave up ambitions of a Secular career to enter The Passionist Congregation.


His life in the Monastery was not extraordinary, yet he followed The Rule of The Congregation perfectly and was known for his great devotion to The Sorrows of The Virgin Mary. He died from tuberculosis, at the age of 23, in Isola del Gran Sasso, in the Province of Teramo, Italy. He was Canonised by Pope Benedict XV in 1920.

Tuesday Of The Second Week In Lent. Lenten Station At The Basilica Of Santa Balbina.



Text from The Saint Andrew Daily Missal,
unless stated otherwise.

Tuesday of The Second Week in Lent.

Station at Saint Balbina's.

Indulgence of 10 Years and 10 Quarantines.

Violet Vestments.


English: Basilica of Saint Balbina, Rome, Italy.
Italiano: Roma - Chiesa di S. Balbina.
Photo: October 2008.
Source: Own work.
Author: MarkusMark.
(Wikimedia Commons)


The Lenten Station is at The Sanctuary of Saint Balbina, a Roman Virgin who lived in the 2nd-Century A.D. and whose remains lie under the Altar with those of her father, the Martyr Saint Quirinus. This Church, which stands on a slope of The Aventine, was, in the 5th-Century A.D., one of the twenty-five Parish Churches of Rome. Formerly, it was the house of a Roman Lady, named Balbina, who was Martyred during The Persecution of Emperor Trajan.

The reason for the choice of this Church is explained by the Epistle, which speaks of the widow of Sarephta. Thus, is celebrated, the Faith of one who transformed her residence into a Church.


English: Interior of The Basilica of Saint Balbina, Rome.
Italiano: Santa Balbina a Roma: Interno.
Photo: January 2007.
Source: Own work.
Author: Lalupa.
(Wikimedia Commons)


Jesus declares, in the Gospel, that the Jews, who taught The Law of Moses, did not observe it. On the other hand, The Kingdom of God is open to the heathen, who, by Baptism, become Disciples of Christ and do His works.

The Epistle tells of Elias going to a heathen widow woman of Sarephta, to ask for nourishment, when a drought had fallen on impenitent Israel. The widow took two pieces of wood, typical of The Cross of Jesus, and prepared a hearth cake for The Prophet and one for herself.. Her compassion was rewarded, for never after did she want for bread. Whereas the Jews suffer from the scarcity, the Gentiles, as a reward for their fidelity, receive daily The Eucharistic Bread, which applies to them the merits gained for them by The Saviour on The Cross.

Let us Pray that God may grant us the Grace of perseverance in the observance of The Fast, of which He has set us an example (Collect).

Mass: Tibi dixit.



and Cardinal Priest of the Titulus S. Balbinae, Rome.
Illustration: CATHOLIC LANE


The following Text is from Wikipedia - the free encyclopaedia.

Santa Balbina is a Basilica Church in Rome, devoted to Saint Balbina. It was built in the 4th-Century A.D., over the house of Consul Lucius Fabius Cilo, on The Aventine Hill, behind The Baths of Caracalla. Possibly the ancient Titulus Tigridae, the Basilica was Consecrated by Pope Gregory I.

The adjoining Monastery has a commanding Mediaeval Defence Tower. Inside the Basilica, there is a very fine Episcopal Chair, with a Cosmatesque decoration from the 13th-Century. The Church was heavily restored in the 1930s, when frescoes were discovered on the side walls from the 9th-Century A.D. to the 14th-Century.


External Ornaments of a Cardinal, who is a Bishop.
Date: 26 May 2011.
Source: Own work, elements by Heralder and Alekjds.
Author: Adelbrecht.
(Wikimedia Commons)


The Baroque frescoes in the Apse, and the Triumphal Arch, were painted by Anastasio Fontebuoni in 1599. The Arch is decorated with the figures of Saint Peter and Saint Paul, while, in the Apse, we can see Saint Balbina between other Martyrs. An ancient Sarcophagus was also discovered during the Restoration. It is now used as a Font.


English: Flag of Hungaryfrom 6 November 1915 to 29 November 1918,
and from August 1919 until mid/late 1946.
Magyar: Magyarország 3:2 oldalarányú zászlaja 1915. november 6. és 1918.
november 29., valamint 1919 augusztusa és 1946 közepe-vége között.
Date: 2 December 2013.
Source: Own work.
Author: Thommy.
(Wikimedia Commons)


There is a strong connection between the Basilica of Santa Balbina, Rome, and Hungary.
In 1270, the first known Hungarian Cardinal, István Váncsa, was buried in the Basilica.
The current Cardinal Priest of the Titulus S. Balbinae is Péter Erdő, Archbishop of Esztergom, Hungary.

In 1270, the first known Hungarian Cardinal, István Váncsa, was buried in the Basilica. Another 13th-Century Hungarian Clergyman, Pál, Bishop of Paphos, erected an Altar in the Church for Saint Nicholas. Both the Altar and the Grave disappeared during later Centuries, but a Plaque Commemorates the Offerings of Pál.

The Cardinal Priest of the Titulus S. Balbinae is Péter Erdő, Archbishop of Esztergom. According to Péter Erdő, the Hungarian connections of this Church played a part in Pope Saint John Paul II's decision when he chose Santa Balbina for Archbishop Erdő's Titular Church. The Cardinal also recommended Hungarian Pilgrims to visit the Basilica and said he feels a special responsibility for the building. Among the previous Titulars are Alfonso de la Cueva, marqués de Bedmar, and Francisco Jiménez de Cisneros.

Father Simpliciano of The Nativity Founded The Congregation of The Franciscan Sisters of The Sacred Heart, here.

Monday 26 February 2018

Lebrun: On The Diffusion Of The Vernacular Hand-Missals In France.





THE SAINT ANDREW DAILY MISSAL



THE SAINT ANDREW DAILY MISSAL

Available (in U.K.) from

Available (in U.S.A.) from




The following Text is from CANTICUM SALOMONIS

The Ordinary of The Mass was accessible to few people, besides the Priests, until the end of the
14th-Century. At that time, the use of the Printing Press, which allowed the printing of any number of Missals in large and small volumes, no longer permitted it to remain hidden as it had been, and, in the following Century, the heresies of Luther and Calvin, who dared to blaspheme against The Mass, obliged many of The Laity to read it and examine its Prayers, because it was so hotly disputed.

The Councils of Mainz and of Cologne, in 1547, ordered it to be explained to the people. This decision was confirmed at The Council of Trent, which enjoined Priests to explain, on Sundays and Feasts, some of the Mysteries of The Mass, and what was read in it, so that The Faithful would be, not only well instructed concerning the truth of the Mystery, but also the meaning of the Prayers and Ceremonies.

The Council desired, further, that Priests explain the Sacramental formulas, and that Bishops have them Translated into the Vulgar Languages to facilitate their understanding by the people.

This Article can be read in full at CANTICUM SALOMONIS
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