Raphael (Standard Hebrew רָפָאֵל, Rāfāʾēl, "It Is God Who Heals", "God Heals", "God, Please Heal") is an Archangel of Judaism and Christianity, who, in The Judeo-Christian Tradition, performs all manner of healing. In Islam, Raphael is the same as Israfil. Raphael is mentioned in The Book of Tobit, which is accepted as Canonical by Catholics, Orthodox, and some Anglo-Catholics, and as useful for public teaching by Lutherans and Anglicans.
The Angels, mentioned in The Torah, the older Books of The Hebrew Bible, are without names. Rabbi Shimon ben Lakish of Tiberias (230 A.D. – 270 A.D.), asserted that all the specific names for The Angels were brought back by the Jews from Babylon, and modern commentators would tend to agree.
Raphael is named in several Jewish Apocryphal Books (see below).
Raphael bound Azazel under a desert, called Dudael, according to Enoch 10:4–6:
And again The Lord said to Raphael: 'Bind Azazel hand and foot, and cast him into the darkness; and make an opening in the desert, which is in Dudael, and cast him therein. And place upon him rough and jagged rocks, and cover him with darkness, and let him abide there for ever, and cover his face that he may not see light. And, on the day of The Great Judgement, he shall be cast into The Fire.
Of seven Archangels in The Angelology of Post-Exilic Judaism, only Michael, mentioned as Archangel (Daniel 12:1; Jude, verse 9), and Gabriel, are mentioned by name in The Scriptures that came to be accepted as Canonical by all Christians.
The name of the Angel Raphael, appears only in The DeuterocanonicalBook of Tobit. The Book of Tobit is considered Canonical by Catholics, Orthodox, and some Anglicans. Raphael first appears disguised in human form as the travelling companion of Tobit's son, Tobiah (Greek: Τωβίας/Tobias), calling himself "Azarias, the son of the great Ananias". During the course of the journey, the Archangel's protective influence is shown in many ways, including the binding of a demon in the desert of Upper Egypt. After returning, and healing the blind Tobit, Azarias makes himself known as "The Angel Raphael, one of the seven who stand before The Lord" (Tobit 12:15). He is often Venerated and Patronised as Saint Raphael The Archangel.
Regarding the healing powers attributed to Raphael, we have his declaration to Tobit (Tobit, 12) that he was sent by The Lord to heal him of his blindness and to deliver Sarah, his future daughter-in-law, from the demon Asmodeus, who kills every man she marries, on their wedding night, before the marriage can be consummated.
In The New Testament, only The Archangels Gabriel and Michael are mentioned by name (Luke 1:9-26; Jude 1:9). Later manuscripts of John 5:1-4 refer to The Pool at Bethesda, where the multitude of the infirm lay, awaiting the moving of the water, for "an Angel of The Lord descended at certain times into the pond; and the water was moved. And he that went down first into the pond, after the motion of the water, was made whole of whatsoever infirmity he lay under". Because of the healing role assigned to Raphael, this particular Angel is generally associated with The Archangel.
Raphael is sometimes shown as standing atop a large fish, or holding a caught fish at the end of a line. This is a reference to The Book of Tobit (Tobias), where he told Tobias to catch a fish, and then uses the gall-bladder to heal Tobit's eyes, and to drive away Asmodeus by burning the heart and liver.
Due to his actions in The Book of Tobit and the Gospel of John, Saint Raphael is accounted Patron of travellers, the blind, happy meetings, nurses, physicians, medical workers, matchmakers, Christian marriage, and Catholic studies.
As a particular enemy of the devil, he was revered in Catholic Europe as a special protector of Catholic sailors. On a corner of Venice’s famous Doge’s Palace, there is a Relief, depicting Raphael holding a scroll, on which is written: "Efficia fretum quietum" (“Keep the Gulf quiet”).
On 8 July 1497, when Vasco Da Gama set forth from Lisbon, Portugal, with his four-ship fleet to sail to India, the flagship was named, at the King of Portugal’s insistence, Saint Raphael. When the flotilla reached The Cape of Good Hope on 22 October 1497, the sailors disembarked and erected a Column in The Archangel’s honour. The little statue of Saint Raphael, that accompanied Da Gama on the voyage, is now in The Naval Museum in Lisbon, Portugal.
The Feast Day of Raphael was included for the first time in The General Roman Calendar in the year 1921, for Celebration on 24 October [Editor: Pope Benedict XV extended The Feast of Saint Raphael to the whole Catholic Church in 1921]. With the reform of The Roman Catholic Calendar of Saints in 1969, this Feast was Transferred to 29 September, for Celebration together with Saints Michael and Gabriel (both Archangels). Due to Pope Benedict XVI's Summorum Pontificum, The Roman Catholic Church still permits use of The 1962 Calendar, allowing both Feast Days.
English: Church of Saint Raphael The Archangel, Montreal, Canada.
The Archangel Raphael is said to have appeared in Cordoba, Spain, during the 16th-Century; in response to the City’s appeal, Pope Innocent X allowed the local Celebration of a Feast in The Archangel’s honour on 7 May, the date of the principal apparition.
Saint John of God, Founder of The Hospital Order that bears his name, is also said to have received visitations from Saint Raphael, who encouraged and instructed him. In tribute to this, many of The Brothers Hospitallers of Saint John of God’s facilities are called “Raphael Centres”, to this day. The 18th-Century Neapolitan Nun, Saint Maria Francesca of The Five Wounds, is also said to have seen an apparition of Raphael.
Raphael is honoured in Islam as one of the great Archangels and is known more commonly as "Israfil" or "Israfel" in Islamic history.
English: Aleksandrów Łódzki, Catholic Church
of The Holy Archangels Raphael and Michael.
Deutsch: Aleksandrów Łódzki, römisch-katholische Kirche der Hl. Erzengel Rafael und Michael.
Italiano: Aleksandrów Łódzki, Chiesa romana-cattolica
According to the hadith, he is the Angel responsible for signalling the coming of Judgement Day by blowing the trumpet (namely Sûr). According to Tradition, the trumpet will be blown three times. The first blow of the trumpet will signal the beginning of The Last Day and the second blow will signal the death of all living things, and the third blow will signal the time when all the Souls from all ages will be gathered for The Last Judgement. According to The Quran, an unnamed Trumpet-Angel, assumed to be Israfel, has been holding his breath, waiting for Allah's order to blow the Sûr.
The Angel Raphael, along with many other prominent Angels, appears in John Milton's Paradise Lost, in which he is assigned by God to re-warn Adam concerning the sin of eating of The Tree of The Knowledge of Good and Evil. He also expounds to Adam, the War in Heaven, in which Lucifer and the demons fell, and the creation of the Earth.
Saint Michael's Church, Ballinasloe, County Galway, Ireland. East Window, behind the Altar, by Frederick Settle Barff (1823–1886), depicting The Assumption (top Light), The Archangels Michael, Gabriel, Raphael, and an Angel blowing The Last Trumpet (upper row), and Saints Patrick, Bridget, Dymphna, and Brendan (lower row). The Tracery matches that of The East Window of Kilconnell Friary (see small picture, below).
The following Text is from The Saint Andrew Daily Missal.
Saint Raphael The Archangel. Feast Day 24 October.
Double.
White Vestments.
Saint Raphael is one of The Seven Spirits who always stand before The Lord (Antiphon at The Magnificat) and offer Him the Incense of their Adoration and that of men (Offertory).
"While thou didst Pray with tears," he declared to Tobias, "and didst bury the dead, and didst leave thy dinner to conceal the dead in thy house by day, and by night didst bury them, I presented thy Prayer unto The Lord. And because thy wast agreeable to The Lord, it was necessary that temptation should try thee" (Second Lesson at Matins).
Tobias became blind. "The loss of his eye-sight," says Saint Augustine, "was the occasion for the old man to receive an Angelical physician" (Fourth Lesson at Matins).
English: The Archangel Raphael, together with Tobias.
Saint Raphael, a name meaning "God heals", was sent by God to cure Tobias, as He sent the Angel who moved the water in the pool called Probatica (Gospel). He told the younger Tobias what remedy he was to use to restore his father's sight, accompanied and protected the young man on his journey, helped him to find a wife, and warded off the wiles of the devil.
"We praise with sentiments of Veneration," The Church sings, "all The Princes of The Heavenly Court, but in a special manner The Archangel Raphael, healer and faithful companion, who chained down the devil under his power.
English: The Church of Saint Michael in Lutzingen, Germany.
Saint Raphael is depicted in one of the Stained-Glass Windows in this Church.
Deutsch: Katholische Pfarrkirche St. Michael in Lutzingen,
einer Gemeinde im Landkreis Dillingen an der Donau (Bayern),
"O Christ, King of all goodness, by giving us such a guardian, make it impossible for the enemy to do us harm" (Hymn).
"May The Angel Raphael, physician of our Salvation, help us from The Heights of Heaven, heal all diseases and guide our faltering steps towards The True Life" (Hymn at Lauds).
Pope Benedict XV extended Saint Raphael The Archangel's Feast Day to The Universal Church in 1921.
Over 100 years ago, as The Church entered the 20th-Century, The Virgin Mary played a significant part in the Programme of Renewal and Reunion proposed by the Pope. In 1898, Pope Leo XIII was in the twentieth year of his Pontificate. In that year, Pope Leo XIII issued what would be the last of twelve Encyclicals on The Holy Rosary, a Project which he had begun fifteen years earlier.
During his years as Pope (1878-1903), Pope Leo XIII wrote many significant Encyclicals. His 1891 Encyclical Rerum Novarum (on "The Condition of Labour"), initiated The Church's modern Social Teachings. He also wrote on the Teaching of the Philosophy of Saint Thomas Aquinas in Schools and Seminaries, on the Study of The Bible, on The Holy Ghost and on Saint Joseph.
At the turn of the 19th-Century, he wrote two Encyclicals on Christ (on "Consecration to The Sacred Heart" and on "Jesus The Redeemer"). He also addressed specific political situations in which The Church's liberties were threatened. But the theme to which he returned most frequently in the final years of the 19th-Century was The Rosary.
The Rosary was the subject of twelve Encyclicals and five Apostolic Letters. Beginning in 1883, and concluding in 1898, an Encyclical on The Rosary appeared almost every year, usually in preparation for the month of October (Pope Saint John XXIII's Encyclical Grata Recordatio [1961] spoke of the "pleasant memory" of hearing those Encyclicals read every October).
The Rosary Encyclicals can be divided into two main groups: 1883-1885 and 1891-1898. The first group established The Rosary as a Public Devotion. The first Encyclical (1883) prescribed the Public Recitation of The Rosary and The Litany of Loreto in Catholic Churches and Chapels as a Special Observance "for the month of October of this year."
Encouraged by the reception of the Observance for 1883, the Encyclicals of 1884 and 1885 directed that October Devotions be continued. The Feast of The Most Holy Rosary was given a higher Liturgical Standing. The invocation "Queen of The Holy Rosary" was added to The Litany of Loreto. This encouragement of the Public Recitation of The Rosary in Churches, conferred a new status on The Rosary. "No longer," said Ave Maria Magazine, "was The Rosary a Devotion best suited to the illiterate." It now was officially encouraged as Public Devotion.
Beginning in 1891, the Encyclicals dwelt on The Value of The Rosary and on its role within The Life of The Church and of Society. In these Encyclicals, there was frequent reference to the perilous situation in which The Church found itself: Anti-Clerical Governments, and forces opposed to Religion, threatened its existence.
Diplomatic Relations between Italy and The Holy See were non-existent, and the Pope was "The Prisoner" within The Vatican walls. The Kulturkampf [Editor: Culture Struggle] limited The Church in Germany and Switzerland, and The Governments of France and Belgium wished to obtain control of The Religious Schools and expel The Religious Teaching Congregations.
Freemasonry, addressed by the Pope in an Encyclical, was openly hostile to The Church, and the findings of science seemed to refute long-held Religious Teachings.
In response to these trying times, Pope Leo XIII followed the example of previous Popes by proposing The Rosary as a "weapon" that Saint Dominic, eight Centuries earlier, had confided to The Church. It was through The Rosary that Saint Dominic had overcome The Albigensian Heresy, whose adherents lived in The South-West of France (not far removed from Lourdes).
And it was The Rosary that was responsible for the Victory of The Christians at The Battle of Lepanto against Turkish forces in 1571. The Rosary would continue to be "balm for The Wounds of Society" as it had been in the time of Saint Dominic, and it would make possible the two great goals of Pope Leo's Papacy: The Renovation of Christian Life and The Reunion of Christendom.
Nowhere in the dozen Encyclicals were there specific indications on how The Rosary was to be Prayed, nor was it presented as a Devotion exclusively directed to The Virgin Mary. Rather, The Rosary was broadly defined, just as it had been described four Centuries earlier when approved in 1571 by Pope Pius V.
The essence of The Rosary was "to recall The Mysteries of Salvation in succession, [while] the subject of Meditation is mingled and interlaced with The Angelic Salutation and Prayer to God The Father" (1883). Meditation on The Mysteries of Salvation was a short and easy method to nourish Faith and to preserve it from ignorance and error (1895). The Mysteries of Salvation were not Abstract Truths, but Events in The Lives of Jesus and Mary.
The Rosary was presented both as a "School of Faith" and a "School of Charity." Meditation on The Mysteries of Salvation was to lead to Conversion of Heart and Change of Conduct. Contemplation of The Mysteries was essentially a Loving Act of Gratitude (1894), through which the heart was "filled with love . . . hope enlarged, and the desire increased for those things which Christ has prepared for such as have united themselves to Him in imitation of His example and in participation in His sufferings" (1891).
Attentive consideration of the "Precious Memorials" of Our Redeemer led to "a Heart on Fire with Gratitude to Him" (1892). The Rosary was an Expression of Faith in God, The Future Life, The Forgiveness of Sins, "The Mysteries of The August Trinity, The Incarnation of The Word, The Divine Maternity and others" (1896).
The Rosary, the Pope believed, also would influence Society as a whole. The 1893 Encyclical spoke of the Social Consequences, or the effects on Society, that Meditation on The Mysteries of The Rosary could produce. The three Sets of Mysteries were an antidote for the errors afflicting Society.
Pope Leo XIII on a Photogram of the 1896 film "Sua Santitá papa Leone XIII",
The Joyful Mysteries, centred on "The Hidden Life" of Christ and The Holy Family at Nazareth, stood in contrast to the contemporary disdain for poverty and simplicity of life. The Sorrowful Mysteries, depicting Christ's acceptance of The Cross, stood opposed to the attitude of fleeing from any hardship and suffering. Finally, The Glorious Mysteries — which include The Resurrection, The Ascension, The Descent of The Spirit and The Assumption of The Virgin Mary — were a reminder that this life is a prelude to a future life with God.
Even when Prayed privately, The Rosary had a Social and Ecclesial dimension. Similar to The Divine Office, The Psalter of Our Lady was part of The Church's "Public, Constant and Universal Prayer" (1897). The Encyclicals frequently encouraged the Sodalities, or Confraternities, whose purpose was to promote The Rosary through Meetings, Religious Services and Processions.
The last Encyclical (1898) was followed by an Apostolic Letter, with a Charter for the Sodalities and Confraternities of The Rosary. (Recent outgrowths from Confraternities are "The Rosary Teams," in which groups of Lay People establish Centres of Prayer, Hospitality and Evangelisation.)
The 1897 Encyclical encouraged the development of "The Living Rosary," a Movement started earlier in the Century by Pauline Jaricot (the Founder of The Society for The Propagation of The Faith). Jaricot's "Living Rosary" was a group of fifteen individuals, each pledged to say one Decade of The Rosary a day.
"The Prayers and Praises, rising incessantly from the lips and hearts of so great a multitude, will be most efficacious" (1897).
In all the Encyclicals, The Rosary is not so much presented as a Devotion directed to Mary. Instead, it is Christ, in all the facets of His Life — Hidden, Public, Final Suffering and Resurrection — Who "Stands Forth" in this Prayer (1896). The Rosary is principally an instrument "to expand The Kingdom of Christ." It is a Prayer that has been "wonderfully developed at the close of the Century, for the purpose of stimulating the lagging Piety of The Faithful" (1897).
The Rosary Encyclicals show a great confidence in Mary's Power and her Intercession for The Church (1892). As "Guardian of The Faith," The Virgin Mary is able to "ward off the errors of the times" (1895). Mary is a powerful Intercessor before God, a "worthy and acceptable Mediatrix to The Mediator" (1896).
The Encyclicals of Pope Leo XIII are the first Papal Documents to speak of Mary's Universal Motherhood; she is The Mother of All Peoples — "Our Mother" — and the one who could bring about the unity of The Church (1895). Through the Intercession of Mary, the zeal of The Christian People would be renewed and a deeper unity produced.
None of Pope Leo XIII's biographers have investigated the origins of his great confidence in the power of The Rosary, nor have the few commentaries on The Rosary Encyclicals sought for the source of his inspiration. Although never referred to in the Encyclicals, the great événement [Editor: Event] of Lourdes, to use the Pope's term, appears to have had a major influence on The Rosary Encyclicals. The Land of Saint Dominic was also The Land of Lourdes.
Our Lady's identification of herself at Lourdes (1858) as The Immaculate Conception confirmed The Dogma that Pope Leo's predecessor, Blessed Pope Pius IX, had Proclaimed in 1854, and initiated a close bond between Rome and Lourdes. The Rosary — along with Penance — was central to the message of Lourdes. The Lady of Lourdes was pictured with a Rosary. Following the example of Mary in the first apparition, Saint Bernadette prepared for each of the following seventeen apparitions by Praying The Rosary. Lourdes was termed "The Town of The Rosary," and, in the 19th-Century, The Rosary Procession was the identifying Devotion of Lourdes.
Pope Leo's interest and concern in Lourdes is recorded in the Annales de Notre Dame de Lourdes (in The Marian Library's Clugnet Collection). At the beginning of his Pontificate, Pope Leo XIII urged The Bishop of Tarbes to build a larger Church to accommodate Pilgrims who were already coming in great numbers, and to ensure that a critical history of the apparitions be written and a record of the hearings be kept.
The year 1883, the Silver Anniversary of the apparitions at Lourdes, was observed as a Jubilee Year, both at Lourdes and at Rome. In the Silver Anniversary Year, work began on The Church of The Rosary, which would extend The Basilica of The Immaculate Conception. (Based on the number of extra trains in service that year between Paris and Lourdes, the Annales estimated that 500,000 Pilgrims travelled to Lourdes by train that year).
It was in 1883 that the first of The Rosary Encyclicals was issued calling for special Observance, "for this year", of October as The Month of The Rosary. The Feast of Our Lady of Lourdes (11 February) was not established until 1892, so October — with its Feast of The Holy Rosary — was an appropriate time to recall the events at Lourdes.
Blessed John Henry Newman was raised into The College of Cardinals by Pope Leo XIII.
Date: December 1879.
Source: 1880 book on Pope Leo XIII.
Author: Karl Benzinger.
(Wikipedia)
The lofty and impersonal style of Pope Leo's Encyclicals usually did not include all the reasons motivating an announcement. For example, in 1885, an Encyclical announced an Extraordinary Jubilee Year. However, the reason for the Jubilee — the 50th Anniversary of the Pope's Ordination — is not mentioned in the Encyclical.
At Lourdes, the new Church, with its fifteen Altars, and Murals depicting The Mysteries of The Rosary, was Dedicated in 1901. Pope Leo XIII sent an Apostolic Letter in the opening year of the Century noting the significance of the Consecration of The Church of The Rosary. The content of the Letter was a summary of previous Encyclicals on The Rosary. The Church of The Rosary, at Lourdes, with its fifteen Altars and Murals, was a summary of the Gospel — summa evangelicae doctrinae. The Rosary itself was like a great Basilica in which all the Truths of The Faith were presented.
In 1901, the Annales announced that the bonds between The Vatican and Lourdes would be even more apparent. As The Vatican was already present at Lourdes through a sculpture of Pope Leo XIII, so, now, Lourdes would go to The Vatican. Through the efforts of the Bishop of Tarbes and other French Bishops, a replica of the Grotto of Massabielle would be constructed in The Vatican Gardens. (This Grotto still stands in The Vatican Gardens.)
The legacy of Pope Leo's Encyclicals was that The Rosary was established as a Central Devotion in Western Catholicism. Before Vatican II's encouragement of "active participation" in The Liturgy, The Rosary served as a vehicle for entering into, and focusing on, The Mysteries of Salvation as depicted in The Life of Christ and The Virgin Mary.
Vatican II influenced The Rosary and all other Devotions. All Devotions were to be renewed in "The Spirit of The Liturgy", to be "extensions of The Liturgical Life of The Church" (Catechism of The Catholic Church, no. 1674). The Rosary complements and extends The Liturgy.
The Church's Public Liturgical Worship presents a panoramic view of the whole history of Salvation. The Rosary, and Rosary-like Prayer, focuses on The Events of Christ's Life — The Incarnation, Our Redemption and The Promise of Eternal Life — and on The Virgin Mary's participation in The Mystery of Christ. A person Praying must be the agent who actively enters into The Mysteries, and not simply one before whom the Celebration unfolds.
The Rosary is an accessible reminder of The Constant Prayer of The Church, The Incessant Prayer of God's People throughout the ages. The Psalter of Mary, as The Rosary is sometimes called, is a remembrance of The Church's deepest nature as a Community of Continual Prayer (1896).
FATHER THOMPSON writes from The Marian Library and The International Marian Research Institute of The University of Dayton, Ohio.
Text from The Saint Andrew Daily Missal, unless stated otherwise. Saint Ursula And Her Companions. Virgins. Martyrs. Feast Day 21 October. Simple. Red Vestments.
English: Saint Ursula, in a 15th-Century fresco, in Saint Jacob Church, Urtijëi, Val Gardena, Italy.
"At Cologne, Germany", says The Roman Martyrology, "the birth in Heaven of Saint Ursula and her Holy Companions, who were massacred by The Huns, out of hatred for The Christian Religion and their Virginal purity. Several are buried in this City (Cologne)." This happened about 454 A.D.
Mass: Loquébar.
Collects: For Several Virgins Martyrs.
The following Text is from Wikipedia - the free encyclopaedia.
It was recorded that Elizabeth of Schönau, Germany, experienced a vision that revealed to her The Martyrdom of Saint Ursula and her Companions.
The Street in London, called Saint Mary Axe, is named after the Church of Saint Mary Axe, originally Dedicated to Saint Mary The Virgin, Saint Ursula and The 11,000 Virgins.
According to John Stow, in A Survey of London (1603), the name derived from " the signe of an Axe, over against the East end thereof ". However, a document dated to the early Reign of King Henry VIII , describes a Holy Relic held in the Church: "An Axe, one of the two that the eleven thousand Virgins were beheaded with". This refers to the legend that Saint Ursula, when returning to Britain from a Pilgrimage to Rome, accompanied by eleven thousand handmaidens, had refused to marry a Hunnish Chief and was executed along with her whole entourage on the site of modern Cologne, Germany, in about 451 AD.
The Mediaeval Church in London was situated just North of Leadenhall Street, on a site now occupied by Fitzwilliam House. First mentioned as "Saint Mary Apud Ax", it belonged for a time to the nearby Priory of Saint Helen's. At the time of The Dissolution Of The Monasteries, it was still extant, but in decline, and, in 1562, it was offered to Spanish Protestant refugees as a place of worship. Three years later, however, it was unused and in a state of disrepair. Shortly afterwards, it was pulled down and its Parish was united with that of the neighbouring Saint Andrew Undershaft.
The Church gave its name to a Street of the same name, which links Leadenhall Street with Camomile Street and Houndsditch. No. 30 was the location of The Baltic Exchange until it was destroyed by an IRA bomb in 1992; the Exchange is now located at No. 38, just to the North of its former address. On the site of the old Baltic Exchange now stands 30, Saint Mary Axe, a skyscraper known colloquially as The Gherkin, because of its distinctive shape.
The Street of Saint Mary Axe was also the location of The Sorcerer's Shop in Gilbert and Sullivan's Operetta, The Sorcerer, which documents the former pronunciation "Simmery Axe".
The Church that remains in the modern-day Saint Mary Axe is Saint Andrew Undershaft.
After the era of Martyrs, to whom the Church had exclusively reserved the honours of public Veneration, she began to raise to the Altars the Servants of God, who had distinguished themselves by their heroic virtues, although they had not won the glory of shedding their blood for Jesus Christ.
Saint Hilarion, in the East, and Saint Martin, in the West, are at the head of the list of Saints known as "Confessors". A native of Palestine, Saint Hilarion studied at Alexandria, and, desiring to embrace a more perfect life, he left all to follow Jesus (Gospel).
He heard of Saint Anthony's holiness and went to see him in Egypt. The Saint kept him for two months in order to train him to a life of penance and contemplation. He then gave to this boy, of fifteen years of age, a hair-shirt and a garment made of skin, saying: "Persevere to the end, my son, and thy labour shall be rewarded by the delights of Heaven."
Hilarion returned to Palestine and founded Monastic Life there. After having built several Monasteries, for which he made laws, as Moses had done of old for God's people (Epistle), he retired to the island of Cyprus, to escape the crowd of admirers attracted by his heroic virtues. He died a holy death, at the age of 80, about 372 A.D. Saint Jerome wrote of his life.
Mass:Os justi. Of Abbots. Commemoration: Of Saint Ursula, from the Collects: Of Several Virgins, Martyrs.
