Notre Dame de Rouen. The façade of the Gothic Church in France. Photographer: Hippo1947. Licence: SHUTTERSTOCK.

Saturday 28 April 2012

Saint Aelred of Rievaulx (Part Two)


Text and Pictures taken from Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
unless otherwise accredited


  




The above photo was taken from dragonhaven.plus.com 
and can be found on Google Images 



The above photo was taken from dragonhaven.plus.com
and can be found on Google Images


Rievaulx Abbey, Yorkshire, England

Aelred (1110 A.D. – 12 January 1167 A.D.), also Aelred, Ælred, Æthelred, etc., was an English writer, Abbot of Rievaulx (from 1147 until his death), and Saint.

Aelred was one of three sons of Eilaf, priest of St Andrew's at Hexham and himself a son of Eilaf, treasurer of Durham. He was born in Hexham, Northumbria, in 1110.



Rievaulx Abbey in Winter


Aelred spent several years at the court of King David I of Scotland, rising to the rank of Master of the Household before leaving the court at age twenty-four (in 1134) to enter the Cistercian Abbey of Rievaulx in Yorkshire. He may have been partially educated by Lawrence of Durham, who sent him a hagiography of Saint Brigid.

Aelred became the Abbot of a new house of his Order at Revesby in Lincolnshire in 1142 and in 1147 was elected Abbot of Rievaulx, itself, where he spent the remainder of his life. Under his administration, the Abbey is said to have grown to some hundred monks and four hundred lay brothers. He made annual visitations to Rievaulx's daughter-houses in England and Scotland and to the French abbeys of Cîteaux and Clairvaux.




Saint Aelred of Rievaulx wrote "Speculum caritatis" 

("The Mirror of Charity"), circa 1142
Fragmento del manuscrito medieval «De Speculo Caritatis», 
en el que aparece un retrato de Elredo de Rieval
Français : Enluminure médiévale, extraite du «De Speculo Caritatis» 
(le miroir de la charité) d'Ælred de Rievaulx
(Picture taken from Wikimedia Commons) 


Aelred wrote several influential books on Spirituality, among them Speculum caritatis ("The Mirror of Charity," reportedly written at the request of Bernard of Clairvaux) and De spiritali amicitia ("On Spiritual Friendship"). He also wrote seven works of history, addressing two of them to Henry II of England, advising him how to be a good king and declaring him to be the true descendent of Anglo-Saxon kings. Until the 20th-Century, Aelred was generally known as a historian rather than as a spiritual writer; for many centuries his most famous work was his Life of Saint Edward, King and Confessor.


Aelred died on January 12, 1167, at Rievaulx. He is recorded as suffering from the stone (hence his patronage) and arthritis in his later years. He is listed for January 12 in the Roman Martyrology and the calendars of various churches. 



Rievaulx Abbey, Yorkshire, England


For his efforts in writing and administration, Aelred has been called by David Knowles the "St. Bernard of the North." Knowles, a historian of monasticism in England, also described him as "a singularly attractive figure … . No other English monk of the 12th-Century so lingers in the memory."

Extant works by Aelred include:Histories and biographies

Vita Davidis Scotorum regis ("Life of David, King of the Scots"), written circa 1153.
Genealogia regum Anglorum ("Genealogy of the Kings of the English"), written 1153–54.
Relatio de standardo ("On the Account of the Standard"), also De bello standardii  ("On the Battle of the Standard"), 1153–54.
Vita S. Eduardi, regis et confessoris "The Life of Saint Edward, King and Confessor," 1161–63.
Vita S. Niniani ("The Life of Saint Ninian"), 1154–60.
De miraculis Hagustaldensis ecclesiae ("On the Miracles of the Church of Hexham"), circa 1155.
De quodam miraculo miraculi", also known as "[De Sanctimoniali de Wattun|De sanctimoniali de Wattun]" ("A Certain Wonderful Miracle" or "The Nun of Watton"), circa 1160 Spiritual Treatises.
Speculum caritatis ("The Mirror of Charity"), circa 1142.
De Iesu puero duodenni ("Jesus as a Boy of Twelve"), 1160-62.
De spiritali amicitia ("Spiritual Friendship"), 1164-67.
De institutione inclusarum ("The Formation of Anchoresses"), 1160–62.
Oratio pastoralis ("Pastoral Prayer"), circa 1163–67.
De anima ("On the Soul"), circa 1164-67, many sermons.

All of Aelred's works have appeared in translation, most in English, but all in French.

Issues of sexuality


Aelred's work, private letters, and his "Life", by Walter Daniel, another 12th-Century monk of Rievaulx, have led historians, such as John Boswell of Yale University and Brian Patrick McGuire of Roskilde University in Denmark, to suggest that he was homosexual. For example, in writing to an anchoress in "The Formation of Anchoresses", Aelred speaks of his youth as the time when she held on to her virtue and he lost his. 

All of his works, nevertheless, encourage virginity among the unmarried and chastity in marriage and widowhood and warn against any sexual activity outside of marriage; in all his works in later life he treats of extra-marital sexual relationships as forbidden and condemns "unnatural relations" as a rejection of charity and the law of God. He criticized the absence of pastoral care for a young nun who experienced rape, pregnancy, beating, and a miraculous delivery in the Gilbertine community of Watton.

The General Roman Calendar of 1954 (Part Three)


Text and Pictures taken from Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
unless otherwise accredited


Moveable Feasts


The moveable Feasts are those connected with the Easter cycle, and Easter is the date relative to which their position is ultimately determined. The date of Easter is determined relative to the lunar calendar as used by the Hebrews.

The rule has since the Middle Ages been phrased as “Easter is observed on the Sunday after the first full moon on or after the day of the vernal equinox.” However, this does not reflect the actual ecclesiastical rules precisely. One reason for this is that the full moon involved (called the Paschal full moon) is not an astronomical full moon, but an ecclesiastical moon.

Another difference is that the astronomical vernal equinox is a natural astronomical phenomenon, which can fall on 20 or 21 March, while the ecclesiastical vernal equinox is a fixed March 21 (on the Gregorian Calendar).

Easter is determined from tables which determine Easter based on the ecclesiastical rules described above, which do not always coincide with the astronomical full moon. The moveable Feasts are given below:

Septuagesima Sunday (9th Sunday before Easter)
Sexagesima Sunday (8th Sunday before Easter)
Quinquagesima Sunday (7th Sunday before Easter)
Ash Wednesday (Wednesday after Quinquagesima Sunday)
Passion Sunday (Sunday 2 weeks before Easter)
Feast of the Seven Sorrows of the Virgin Mary (Friday after 2nd Sunday before Easter)
Palm Sunday (Sunday before Easter)
Holy Thursday (Thursday before Easter)
Good Friday (Friday before Easter)
Holy Saturday (Saturday before Easter)
Easter Sunday, the Solemnity of Solemnities, the Resurrection of Our Lord Jesus Christ
Low Sunday (Sunday after Easter)
The Solemnity of St. Joseph, spouse of the Virgin Mary, confessor, and patron of the Universal Church (Wednesday after the 2nd Sunday after Easter)
The Octave of St. Joseph, spouse of the Virgin Mary, confessor and patron of the Universal Church (Wednesday after the 3rd Sunday after Easter)
The Lesser Litanies at St. Mary Major (Monday after the 5th Sunday after Easter)
The Lesser Litanies at St. John Lateran (Tuesday after the 5th Sunday after Easter)
The Vigil of the Ascension of our Lord Jesus Christ and the Lesser Litanies at St. Peter's (Wednesday after the 5th Sunday after Easter)
The Ascension (Thursday after the 5th Sunday after Easter)
The Octave of the Ascension (Thursday after the 6th Sunday after Easter)
The Vigil of Pentecost (Saturday after the 6th Sunday after Easter)
Pentecost (7th Sunday after Easter)
Holy Trinity and the Octave of Pentecost (8th Sunday after Easter)
Corpus Christi (Thursday after the 8th Sunday after Easter)
Octave of Corpus Christi (Thursday after the 9th Sunday after Easter)
Sacred Heart of Jesus (Friday after the 9th Sunday after Easter)
Octave of the Sacred Heart of Jesus (Friday after the 10th Sunday after Easter)

The 1954 Calendar assigned special celebrations also to the days within these Octaves, as to the days within the Octaves of Fixed Feasts.


Feasts celebrated in some places


The pre-1962 Roman Missal also listed a number of celebrations in the section headed "Mass for Some Places".

These celebrations were:

The Holy House of Loreto (10 December)
The Expectation of the Blessed Virgin Mary (18 December)
The Betrothal of the Virgin Mary with Saint Joseph (23 January)
Saint Ildephonsus (23 January)
The Flight into Egypt (17 February)
Saint Margaret of Cortona (26 February)
The Prayer of Christ (Tuesday after Septuagesima)
Commemoration of the Passion of Christ (Tuesday after Sexagesima)
The Sacred Crown of Thorns (Friday after Ash Wednesday)
The Sacred Lance and Nails (Friday after the First Sunday in Lent)
The Holy Shroud (Friday after the Second Sunday in Lent)
The Five Holy Wounds (Friday after the Third Sunday in Lent)
The Precious Blood (Friday after the Fourth Sunday in Lent)
Saint Catherine of Genoa (22 March)
Saint Benedict Joseph Labre (16 April)
Our Lady of Good Counsel (26 April)
Saint Isidore the Farmer (15 May)
Saint John Nepomucene (16 May)
Saint Rita of Cascia (22 May)
Saint John Baptist de Rossi (23 May)
Our Lady Help of Christians (24 May)
Saint Ferdinand III (30 May)
Saint Joan of Arc (30 May)
Our Lady Queen of All Saints and Mother of Fair Love (31 May)
Our Lady Mediatrix of All Graces (31 May)
Our Lady Queen of the Apostles (Saturday after the Ascension)
The Eucharistic Heart of Jesus (Thursday the Sacred Heart)
The Immaculate Heart of Mary (Saturday after the Octave of the Sacred Heart of Jesus)
Our Lady Mother of Grace (9 June)
Saint John Francis Regis (16 June)
Our Lady of Prompt Succor (27 June)
All Holy Popes (3 July)
Saint Lawrence of Brindisi (7 July)
Saint Veronica Giuliani (9 July)
Humility of the Blessed Virgin Mary (17 July)
Our Lady Mother of Mercy (Saturday after the 4th Sunday of July)
Saint Emygdius (9 August)
Saint Philomena (11 August)
Our Lady Refuge of Sinners (13 August)
Saint John Berchmans (13 August)
Saint Roch (16 August)
Empress Helena (18 August)
Our Lady of Consolation (Saturday after the Feast of St. Augustine)
Our Lady Help of the Sick (Saturday after the last Sunday in August)
Saint Rose of Viterbo (4 September)
Saint Peter Claver (9 September)
Saint Gregory the Illuminator (1 October)
Purity of the Blessed Virgin Mary (16 October)
Feast of the Holy Redeemer (23 October)
The Sacred Relics (5 November)
Saint Stanislaus Kostka (13 November)
Our Lady Mother of Divine Providence (Saturday after the 3rd Sunday in November)
St. Leonard of Port Maurice (26 November)
Our Lady of the Miraculous Medal (27 November)

This concludes the Article on The General Roman Calendar of 1954

Saint Aelred of Rievaulx (Part One)

Aelred of Rievaulx: In the Cross of Christ there is Death, and in the Cross of Christ there is Life

This Article is to be found on ENLARGING THE HEART
Be careful…to reflect not only on the fact of this redemption but also on two other points: the manner in which this redemption was wrought, and the place in which it was wrought.
The manner of redemption is the suffering of the Cross; the place, outside the city.


Rievaulx Abbey, where Saint Aelred was Abbot 
from 1147 A.D. - 1167 A.D.

Let us then learn from the Cross of Jesus our proper way of living.
Should I say ‘living’ or, instead, ‘dying’? Rather, both living and dying.
Dying to the world, living for God.
Dying to vices and living by the virtues.
Dying to the flesh, but liv­ing in the spirit.
Thus in the Cross of Christ there is death and in the Cross of Christ there is life.
The death of death is there, and the life of life.
The death of sins is there and the life of the virtues.
The death of the flesh is there, and the life of the spir­it.
But why did God choose this manner of death?
He chose it as both a mystery and an example.
In addition, he chose it because our sickness was such as to make such a remedy appropriate.
It was fitting that we who had fallen because of a tree might rise up because of a tree.
Fitting that the one who had con­quered by means of a tree might also be conquered by means of a tree.
Fitting that we who had eaten the fruit of death from a tree might be given the fruit of life from a tree.
And because we had fallen from the security of that most blessed place on earth into this great, expansive sea, it was fitting that wood should be made ready to carry us across it.
For no one cross­es the sea except on wood, or this world except on the Cross.
Let me say something now about the mystery contained in the manner of our redemption.
[...] When a Cross is set upright, the head is directed to heaven and the feet to earth, and the outstretched arms to what is located between heaven and earth.
[...] Do you see, now, the mystery in the kind of death Christ chose?
[...] St Paul says: He humbled himself, becoming obedient unto death, even to the death of the Cross.
And, revealing the mystery, he says: Therefore God exalted him and gave him the name that is above all names, so that at the name of Jesus every knee might bend of those who are in heaven, on earth, and under the earth.
Since, then, he was to take possession of heaven and earth through the Cross, on the Cross he embraced heaven and earth.
Aelred of Rievaulx (1110 – 1167): In Hebd. Sancta, sermon 36.1-2.4 (CCM 2A:294-295); from the Monastic Office of Vigils, Palm Sunday, Year 2.

Saint Benedict of Nursia

" But in process of time and growth of faith, when the heart has once been enlarged, the way of God’s commandments is run with unspeakable sweetness of love. ~ Benedict of Nursia ~"

The above quote is taken from the Blog ENLARGING THE HEART

I recommend this Blog to all Readers.

Saint Catherine of Siena



A most interesting Article on Saint Catherine of Siena, entitled "Catherine of Siena: The Fire of Divine, Most Ardent, and Immeasurable Love", can be found at ENLARGING THE HEART


I recommend it to all Readers.

Sunday 22 April 2012

The General Roman Calendar of 1954 (Part Two)

Text and Pictures taken from Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
unless otherwise accredited

Vigils


In the Tridentine Calendar. the Vigils of Christmas, Epiphany, and Pentecost, were called "Major Vigils"; the rest were "Minor" or "Common" Vigils. In early times, every Feast Day had a Vigil, but the increase in the number of Feast Days, and abuses connected with the evening and night service, of which the Vigils originally consisted, led to their being diminished.

Nevertheless, the Roman Rite kept many more Vigils than other Latin Liturgical Rites, such as the Ambrosian Rite and the Mozarabic Rite. If a Vigil fell on a Sunday, it was transferred to the previous Saturday, although the Vigil of Christmas took precedence over the Fourth Sunday of Advent.

Prior to the suppression of some Vigils by Pope Pius XII in 1955, there were three Classes of Vigils:

The Vigils of Christmas and Pentecost were of the First-Class, and took precedence over any Feast Day;

The Vigil of Epiphany was of the Second-Class, and permitted only Doubles of the First- or Second-Classes, or any Feast of the Lord;

All other Vigils were "Common" and took precedence only over Ferias and Simple Feast Days, but were anticipated on Saturday if they fell on Sunday.

Most Feasts of the Apostles had Vigils; the exceptions being those which fell in Eastertide, when Vigils were not permitted. The Vigil of Saint Matthias was unique, in that it was normally commemorated on 23 February, the Feast Day of Saint Peter Damian, but, in Leap Year, was kept on 24 February, the traditional Leap Day of the Roman Calendar.

Octaves


The Tridentine Calendar had many Octaves, without any indication in the Calendar of distinction of rank between them, apart from the fact that the Octave Day (the final day of the Octave) was ranked higher than the days within the Octave. Several Octaves overlapped, so that, for instance, on 29 December, the prayer of the Saint of the day, Saint Thomas Becket, was followed by the prayers of Christmas, of Saint Stephen, of Saint John the Evangelist and of the Holy Innocents. The situation remained such until the reform of Pope Saint Pius X.

To cut down on the monotony of repeating the same prayers in Mass and Office every day for eight days, Pope Saint Pius X classified the Octaves as "Privileged", "Common" or "Simple".

The Privileged Octaves were of three "Ranks":

The First Rank belonged to Easter and Pentecost (permitting no Feast Day to be celebrated during them, nor even to be Commemorated until Vespers on Tuesday);

The Second Rank belonged to Epiphany and Corpus Christi (the Octave Day ranked as a Greater Double, the days within the Octave as Semi-Doubles, giving way only to Doubles of the First-Class, and on the Octave Day only to a Double of the First-Class, which was celebrated in the entire Church);

The Third Rank belonged to Christmas, the Ascension, and the Sacred Heart (these gave way to any Feast Day above the level of Simple).

The Common Octaves were those of the Immaculate Conception, the Assumption, the Nativity of Saint John the Baptist, the Solemnity of Saint Joseph, Saints Peter and Paul, and All Saints, as well as, locally, the principal Patron Saint of a Church, Cathedral, Order, Town, Diocese, Province, or Nation. These, too, gave way to any Feast Day above the level of Simple; the difference between these and the Third Privileged Rank was that Ferial Psalms were said during Common Octaves, while the Psalms from the Feast Day were used during Privileged Octaves.

The Simple Octaves were those of Saint Stephen, Saint John the Evangelist, the Holy Innocents, Saint Lawrence, the Nativity of Mary and, locally, Secondary Patrons. These were all Doubles of the Second-Class, their Octave Day was Simple and, in contrast to the situation before Pope Saint Pius X, their Mass was not repeated, nor a Commemoration made, except on the Octave Day, as Simple Octaves had no days within the Octave.

In Pope Pius XII's reform, only the Octaves of Christmas, Easter and Pentecost were kept. The days within the Easter and Pentecost Octaves were raised to Double Rite, had precedence over all Feast Days, and did not admit Commemorations.

January


January 1: Circumcision of the Lord and Octave of the Nativity, Double of the Second-Class.
January 2: Octave of St. Stephen Protomartyr, Simple.
January 3: Octave of St. John Apostle and Evangelist, Simple.
January 4: Octave of the Holy Innocents Martyrs, Simple.
January 5: Vigil of the Epiphany, Semi-Double, Commemoration of St. Telesphorus, Pope and Martyr.
January 6: Epiphany of the Lord, Double of the First-Class with a Privileged Octave of the Second-Rank.
January 7: Of the Second Day within the Octave of the Epiphany, Semi-Double.
January 8: Of the Third Day within the Octave of the Epiphany, Semi-Double.
January 9: Of the Fourth Day within the Octave of the Epiphany, Semi-Double.
January 10: Of the Fifth Day within the Octave of the Epiphany, Semi-Double.
January 11: Of the Sixth Day within the Octave of the Epiphany, Semi-Double, Commemoration of St. Hyginus. Pope and Martyr.
January 12: Of the Seventh Day within the Octave of the Epiphany, Semi-Double.
January 13: Octave of the Epiphany, Greater Double.
January 14: St. Hilary Bishop, Confessor, and Doctor of the Church, Double, Commemoration of St. Felix Priest and Martyr.
January 15: St. Paul, First Hermit, Confessor, Semi-Double, Commemoration of St. Maurus.
January 16: St. Marcellus I, Pope and Martyr, Semi-Double.
January 17: St. Anthony, Double.
January 18: Chair of St. Peter Apostle at Rome, Greater Double, Commemoration of St. Paul Apostle, and of St. Prisca, Virgin and Martyr.
January 19: Ss. Marius, Martha, Audifax, and Abachum, Martyrs, Simple, Commemoration of St. Canute, Martyr.
January 20: Ss. Fabian, Pope, and Sebastian, Martyrs, Double.
January 21: St. Agnes, Roman Virgin and Martyr, Double.
January 22: Ss. Vincent and Anastasius, Martyrs, Semi-Double.
January 23: St. Raymund of Peñafort, Confessor, Semi-Double, Commemoration of St. Emerentiana, Virgin and Martyr.
January 24: St. Timothy, Bishop and Martyr, Double.
January 25: Conversion of St. Paul, Apostle, Greater Double, Commemoration of St. Peter.
January 26: St. Polycarp, Bishop and Martyr, Double.
January 27: St. John Chrysostom, Bishop, Confessor, and Doctor of the Church, Double.
January 28: St. Peter Nolasco, Confessor, Double, Commemoration of St. Agnes. Virgin and Martyr. Double.
January 29: St. Francis de Sales, Bishop, Confessor, and Doctor of the Church, Double.
January 30: St. Martina, Virgin and Martyr, Semi-Double.
January 31: St. John Bosco, Confessor, Double.

Sunday between the Circumcision and Epiphany [or January 2, when no such Sunday occurs]: The most holy Name of Jesus, Double of the Second- Class.

Sunday within the Octave of the Epiphany: The Most Holy Family of Jesus, Mary, Joseph, Greater Double.

February


February 1: St. Ignatius, Bishop and Martyr, Double.
February 2: Purification of the Blessed Virgin Mary, Double of the Second-Class.
February 3: St. Blase, Bishop and Martyr, Simple.
February 4: St. Andrew Corsini, Bishop and Confessor, Double.
February 5: St. Agatha, Virgin Martyr, Double.
February 6: St. Titus Bishop and Confessor, Double, Commemoration of St. Dorothy Virgin Martyr.
February 7: St. Romuald Abbot, Double.
February 8: St. John of Matha Confessor, Double.
February 9: St. Cyril Bishop of Alexandria, Confessor, and Doctor of the Church, Double, Commemoration of St. Apollonia Virgin Martyr.
February 10: St. Scholastica Virgin, Double.
February 11: Apparition of the Blessed Virgin Mary Immaculate, Greater Double.
February 12: The Seven Holy Founders of the Order of Servants of the Blessed Virgin Mary Confessors, Double.
February 13: Feria.
February 14: St. Valentine Priest and Martyr, Simple.
February 15: Ss. Faustinus and Jovita Martyrs, Simple.
February 16: Feria
February 17: Feria
February 18: St. Simeon Bishop and Martyr, Simple.
February 19: Feria
February 20: Feria
February 21: Feria
February 22: Chair of St. Peter at Antioch, Greater Double, Commemoration of St. Paul.
February 23: St. Peter Damian Confessor, Double, Commemoration of the Vigil.
February 24: St. Matthias Apostle, Double of the Second-Class.
February 25: Feria
February 26: Feria
February 27: St. Gabriel of Our Lady of Sorrows, Double
February 28: Feria

In Leap Year, the month of February is of 29 days, and the Feast of St. Matthias is celebrated on the 25th day and the Feast of St. Gabriel of Our Lady of Sorrows on the 28th day of February, and twice is said Sexto Kalendas, that is on the 24th and 25th; and the dominical letter, which was taken up in the month of January, is changed to the preceding; that, if in January, the dominical letter was A, it is changed to the preceding, which is g, etc.; and the letter f is kept twice, on the 24th and 25th.


March


March 1: Feria
March 2: Feria
March 3: Feria
March 4: St. Casimir Confessor, Semidouble, Commemoration of St. Lucius I Pope and Martyr.
March 5: Feria
March 6: Ss. Perpetua and Felicity Martyrs, Double.
March 7: St. Thomas Aquinas Confessor and Doctor of the Church, Double.
March 8: St. John of God Confessor, Double.
March 9: St. Frances of Rome Widow, Double.
March 10: The Forty Holy Martyrs, Semi-Double.
March 11: Feria
March 12: St. Gregory I Pope, Confessor, and Doctor of the Church, Double.
March 13: Feria
March 14: Feria
March 15: Feria
March 16: Feria
March 17: St. Patrick Bishop and Confessor, Double.
March 18: St. Cyril Bishop of Jerusalem, Confessor, and Doctor of the Church, Double.
March 19: St. Joseph, Spouse of the Blessed Virgin Mary, Confessor, and Patron of the Universal Church, Double of the First-Class.
March 20: Feria
March 21: St. Benedict Abbot, Greater Double.
March 22: Feria
March 23: Feria
March 24: St. Gabriel the Archangel, Greater Double.
March 25: Annunciation of the Blessed Virgin Mary, Double of the First-Class.
March 26: Feria
March 27: St. John Damascene Confessor and Doctor of the Church, Double
March 28: St. John Capistran Confessor, Double
March 29: Feria
March 30: Feria
March 31: Feria

Friday after Passion Sunday: Seven Sorrows of the Blessed Virgin Mary, Greater Double, Commemoration of the Feria.

April


April 1: Feria
April 2: St. Francis of Paula Confessor, Double.
April 3: Feria
April 4: St. Isidore Bishop, Confessor, and Doctor of the Church, Double.
April 5: St. Vincent Ferrer Confessor, Double.
April 6: Feria
April 7: Feria
April 8: Feria
April 9: Feria
April 10: Feria
April 11: St. Leo I Pope, Confessor, and Doctor of the Church, Double.
April 12: Feria
April 13: St. Hermenegild Martyr, Semi-Double.
April 14: St. Justin Martyr, Double, Commemoration of Saints Tiburtius, Valerian and Maximus, Martyrs.
April 15: Feria
April 16: Feria
April 17: St. Anicetus Pope and Martyr, Simple.
April 18: Feria
April 19: Feria
April 20: Feria
April 21: St. Anselm Bishop, Confessor, and Doctor of the Church, Double.
April 22: Ss. Soter and Cajus Popes and Martyrs, Semi-Double.
April 23: St. George Martyr, Semi-Double.
April 24: St. Fidelis of Sigmaringen Martyr, Double.
April 25: St. Mark Evangelist, Double of the Second-Class.
April 26: Ss. Cletus and Marcellinus Popes and Martyrs, Semi-Double.
April 27: St. Peter Canisius Confessor and Doctor of the Church, Double.
April 28: St. Paul of the Cross Confessor, Double, Commemoration of St. Vitalis Martyr.
April 29: St. Peter of Verona Martyr, Double.
April 30: St. Catherine of Siena Virgin, Double.

Wednesday within the Second Week after the Octave of Easter: Solemnity of St. Joseph, Spouse of the Blessed Virgin Mary, Confessor, and Patron of the Universal Church, Double of the First-Class with a Common Octave.

Wednesday within the Third Week after the Octave of Easter: Octave of St. Joseph, Greater Double.


May


May 1: Ss. Philip and James Apostles, Double of the Second-Class.
May 2: St. Athanasius, Bishop, Confessor, and Doctor of the Church, Double.
May 3: Invention of the Holy Cross, Double of the Second-Class, Commemoration of Ss. Alexander I,  Pope, Eventius and Theodulus Martyrs, and Juvenal, Bishop and Confessor.
May 4: St. Monica Widow, Double.
May 5: St. Pius V Pope and Confessor, Double.
May 6: St. John Apostle before the Latin Gate, Greater Double.
May 7: St. Stanislaus Bishop and Martyr, Double.
May 8: Apparition of St. Michael, Greater Double
May 9: St. Gregory Nazianzen Bishop, Confessor, and Doctor of the Church, Double.
May 10: St. Antoninus Bishop and Confessor, Double, Commemoration of Ss. Gordian and Epimachus Martyrs.
May 11: Feria
May 12: Ss. Nereus, Achilleus, Domitilla Virgin, and Pancras Martyrs, Semi-Double.
May 13: St. Robert Bellarmine Bishop, Confessor, and Doctor of the Church, Double.
May 14: St. Boniface Martyr, Simple.
May 15: St. John Baptist de la Salle Confessor, Double.
May 16: St. Ubald Bishop and Confessor, Semi-Double.
May 17: St. Paschal Baylon Confessor, Double.
May 18: St. Venantius Martyr, Double.
May 19: St. Peter Celestine Pope and Confessor, Double, Commemoration of St. Pudentiana Virgin.
May 20: St. Bernardine of Siena Confessor, Semi-Double.
May 21: Feria
May 22: Feria
May 23: Feria
May 24: Feria
May 25: St. Gregory VII Pope and Confessor, Double, Commemoration of St. Urban I Pope and Martyr, Double.
May 26: St. Philip Neri Confessor, Double, Commemoration of St. Eleutherius Pope and Martyr.
May 27: St. Bede the Venerable Confessor and Doctor of the Church, Commemoration of St. John I Pope and Martyr, Double.
May 28: St. Augustine Bishop and Confessor, Double.
May 29: St. Mary Magdalen de Pazzi Virgin, Semi-Double.
May 30: St. Felix I Pope and Martyr, Double.
May 31: St. Angela Merici Virgin, Double, Commemoration of St. Petronilla Virgin.


June


June 1: Feria.
June 2: Ss. Marcellinus, Peter, and Erasmus Bishop, Martyrs, Simple.
June 3: Feria
June 4: St. Francis Caracciolo Confessor, Double.
June 5: St. Boniface Bishop and Martyr, Double.
June 6: St. Norbert Bishop and Confessor, Double.
June 7: Feria
June 8: Feria
June 9: Ss. Primus and Felician Martyrs, Simple.
June 10: St. Margaret Queen, Widow, Semi-Double.
June 11: St. Barnabas Apostle, Greater Double.
June 12: St. John of San Facundo Confessor, Double, Commemoration of Ss. Basilides, Cyrinus, Nabor and Nazarius Martyrs.
June 13: St. Anthony of Padua Confessor, Double.
June 14: St. Basil the Great Bishop, Confessor, and Doctor of the Church, Double.
June 15: Ss. Vitus, Modestus, and Crescentia Martyrs, Simple.
June 16: Feria
June 17: Feria
June 18: St. Ephraem Syrus Deacon, Confessor, and Doctor of the Church, Double, Commemoration of Ss. Mark and Marcellianus Martyrs.
June 19: St. Juliana Falconieri Virgin, Double, Commemoration of Ss. Gervase and Protase Martyrs.
June 20: St. Silverius Pope and Martyr, Simple.
June 21: St. Aloysius Gonzaga Confessor, Double.
June 22: St. Paulinus Bishop and Confessor, Double
June 23: Vigil.
June 24: The Nativity of St. John the Baptist, Double of the First-Class with a Common Octave.
June 25: St. William Abbot, Double, Commemoration of the Octave.
June 26: Ss. John and Paul Martyrs, Double, Commemoration of the Octave.
June 27: Of the Fourth Day within the Octave of St. John the Baptist, Semi-Double.
June 28: St. Irenaeus Bishop and Martyr, Double, Commemoration of the Octave and of the Vigil.
June 29: Ss. Peter and Paul Apostles, Double of the First-Class with a Common Octave.
June 30: Commemoration of St. Paul Apostle, Greater Double, Commemoration of St. Peter Apostle and of the Octave of St. John the Baptist.


July


July 1: The Most Precious Blood of Our Lord Jesus Christ, Double of the First-Class, Commemoration of the Octave Day of St. John the Baptist.
July 2: Visitation of the Blessed Virgin Mary, Double of the Second-Class, Commemoration of Ss. Processus and Martinian Martyrs.
July 3: St. Leo II Pope and Confessor, Semi-Double, Commemoration of the Octave of the Holy Apostles.
July 4: Of the Sixth Day within the Octave of Ss. Peter and Paul Apostles, Semi-Double.
July 5: St. Anthony Mary Zaccaria Confessor, Double, Commemoration of the Octave of the Holy Apostles.
July 6: Octave of Ss. Peter and Paul Apostles, Greater Double.
July 7: Ss. Cyril and Methodius Bishops and Confessors, Double.
July 8: St. Elizabeth Queen, Widow, Semi-Double.
July 9: Feria
July 10: The Seven Holy Brothers Martyrs, Semi-Double, and Ss. Rufina and Secunda Virgins and Martyrs.
July 11: St. Pius I Pope and Martyr, Simple.
July 12: St. John Gualbert Abbot, Double, Commemoration of Ss. Nabor and Felix Martyrs.
July 13: St. Anacletus Pope and Martyr, Semi-Double.
July 14: St. Bonaventure Bishop, Confessor, and Doctor of the Church, Double.
July 15: St. Henry II Emperor, Confessor, Semi-Double.
July 16: Commemoration of the Blessed Virgin Mary of Mt. Carmel, Greater Double.
July 17: St. Alexius Confessor, Semi-Double.
July 18: St. Camillus de Lellis Confessor, Double, Commemoration of St. Symphorosa and her Seven Sons Martyrs.
July 19: St. Vincent de Paul Confessor, Double.
July 20: St. Jerome Emiliani Confessor, Double, Commemoration of St. Margaret Virgin Martyr.
July 21: St. Praxedes Virgin, Simple.
July 22: St. Mary Magdalene Penitent, Double.
July 23: St. Apollinaris Martyr, Double, Commemoration of St. Liborius Bishop and Confessor.
July 24: Vigil of St. James, Apostle. Commemoration of St. Christina Virgin and Martyr.
July 25: St. James Apostle, Double of the Second-Class, Commemoration of St. Christopher Martyr.
July 26: St. Anne Mother of the Blessed Virgin Mary, Double of the Second-Class.
July 27: St. Pantaleon Martyr, Simple.
July 28: Ss. Nazarius and Celsus Martyrs, Victor I Pope and Martyr, and St. Innocent I Pope and Confessor, Semi-Double.
July 29: St. Martha Virgin, Semi-Double, Commemoration of Ss. Felix II Pope, Simplicius, Faustinus, and Beatrice Martyrs.
July 30: Ss. Abdon and Sennen Martyrs, Simple.
July 31: St. Ignatius Confessor, Double.


August


August 1: St. Peter in Chains, Greater Double, Commemoration of St. Paul and the Holy Machabees Martyrs.
August 2: St. Alphonsus Mary of Liguori Bishop, Confessor, and Doctor of the Church, Double, Commemoration of St. Stephen I Pope and Martyr.
August 3: Invention of St. Stephen Protomartyr, Semi-Double.
August 4: St. Dominic Confessor, Greater Double.
August 5: Dedication of Our Lady of the Snows, Greater Double.
August 6: Transfiguration of Our Lord Jesus Christ, Double of the Second-Class, Commemoration of Ss. Xystus II Pope, Felicissimus and Agapitus Martyrs.
August 7: St. Cajetan Confessor, Double, Commemoration of St. Donatus Bishop and Martyr.
August 8: Ss. Cyriacus, Largus and Smaragdus Martyrs, Semi-Double.
August 9: St. John Vianney Confessor and Priest, Double, Commemoration of the Vigil and St. Romanus Martyr.
August 10: St. Laurence Martyr, Double of the Second-Class with a Simple Octave.
August 11: Ss. Tiburtius and Susanna Virgin, Martyrs, Simple.
August 12: St. Clare Virgin, Double.
August 13: Ss. Hippolytus and Cassian Martyrs, Simple.
August 14: Vigil. Commemoration of St. Eusebius Confessor.
August 15: Assumption of the Blessed Virgin Mary, Double of the First-Class with a Common Octave.
August 16: St. Joachim Father of the Blessed Virgin Mary, Confessor, Double of the Second-Class.
August 17: St. Hyacinth Confessor, Double, Commemoration of the Octave of the Assumption and the Octave Day of St. Laurence.
August 18: Of the Fourth Day within the Octave of the Assumption, Semi-Double, Commemoration of St. Agapitus Martyr.
August 19: St. John Eudes Confessor, Double, Commemoration of the Octave of the Assumption.
August 20: St. Bernard Abbot, Confessor, and Doctor of the Church, Double, Commemoration of the Octave of the Assumption.
August 21: St. Jane Frances de Chantal Widow, Double, Commemoration of the Octave of the Assumption.
August 22: Immaculate Heart of the Blessed Virgin Mary, Double of the Second-Class, Commemoration of Ss. Timothy, Hippolytus Bishop, and Symphorianus Martyrs.
August 23: St. Philip Benizi Confessor, Double, Commemoration of the Vigil.
August 24: St. Bartholomew Apostle, Double of the Second-Class.
August 25: St. Louis King, Confessor, Semi-Double.
August 26: St. Zephyrinus Pope Martyr, Simple.
August 27: St. Joseph Calasanctius Confessor, Double.
August 28: St. Augustine Bishop, Confessor, and Doctor of the Church, Double, Commemoration of St. Hermes Martyr.
August 29: Beheading of St. John the Baptist, Greater Double, Commemoration of St. Sabina Martyr.
August 30: St. Rose of St. Mary Virgin of Lima, Double, Commemoration of Ss. Felix and Adauctus Martyrs.
August 31: St. Raymond Nonnatus Confessor, Double.


September


September 1: St. Giles Abbot, Simple, Commemoration of the Holy Twelve Brothers Martyrs.
September 2: St. Stephen King, Confessor, Semi-Double.
September 3: St. Pius X Pope and Confessor, Double.
September 4: Feria
September 5: St. Laurence Justinian Bishop and Confessor, Semi-Double.
September 6: Feria
September 7: Feria
September 8: Nativity of the Blessed Virgin Mary, Double of the Second-Class with a Simple Octave, Commemoration of St. Adrian Martyr.
September 9: St. Gorgonius Martyr, Simple.
September 10: St. Nicholas of Tolentino Confessor, Double.
September 11: Ss. Protus and Hyacinth Martyrs, Simple.
September 12: The Most Holy Name of Mary, Greater Double.
September 13: Feria
September 14: Exaltation of the Holy Cross, Greater Double.
September 15: Seven Sorrows of the Blessed Virgin Mary, Double of the Second-Class, Commemoration of St. Nicomedes Martyr.
September 16: St. Cornelius Pope and St. Cyprian Bishop, Martyrs, Semi-Double, Commemoration of Ss. Euphemia Virgin, Lucy and Geminian Martyrs.
September 17: Impression of the sacred Stigmata of St. Francis Confessor, Double.
September 18: St. Joseph of Cupertino Confessor, Double.
September 19: St. Januarius Bishop and Companions Martyrs, Double.
September 20: St. Eustace and Companions Martyrs, Double, Commemoration of the Vigil.
September 21: St. Matthew Apostle and Evangelist, Double of the Second-Class.
September 22: St. Thomas of Villanova Bishop and Confessor, Double, Commemoration of Ss. Maurice and Companions Martyrs.
September 23: St. Linus Pope and Martyr, Semi-Double, Commemoration of St. Thecla Virgin and Martyr.
September 24: Our Lady of Ransom, Greater Double.
September 25: Feria
September 26: Ss. Cyprian and Justina Virgin, Martyrs, Simple.
September 27: Ss. Cosmas and Damian Martyrs, Semi-Double.
September 28: St. Wenceslaus Duke, Martyr, Semi-Double.
September 29: Dedication of St. Michael Archangel, Double of the First-Class.
September 30: St. Jerome Priest, Confessor, and Doctor of the Church, Double.


October


October 1: St. Remigius Bishop and Confessor, Simple.
October 2: The Holy Guardian Angels, Greater Double.
October 3: St. Teresa of the Child Jesus Virgin, Double.
October 4: St. Francis of Assisi Confessor, Greater Double.
October 5: St. Placid and Companions Martyrs, Simple.
October 6: St. Bruno Confessor, Double.
October 7: The Most Holy Rosary of the Blessed Virgin Mary, Double of the Second-Class, Commemoration of St. Mark Pope and Confessor, and Ss. Sergius, Bacchus, Marcellus and Apuleius Martyrs.
October 8: St. Bridget Widow, Double.
October 9: St. John Leonard Confessor, Semi-Double, St. Denis Bishop, Rusticus Priest, and Eleutherius Martyrs.
October 10: St. Francis Borgia Confessor, Semi-Double.
October 11: The Maternity of the Blessed Virgin Mary, Double of the Second-Class.
October 12: Feria
October 13: St. Edward King, Confessor, Semi-Double.
October 14: St. Callistus I Pope and Martyr, Double.
October 15: St. Teresa Virgin, Double.
October 16: St. Hedwig Widow, Semi-Double.
October 17: St. Margaret Mary Alacoque Virgin, Double.
October 18: St. Luke Evangelist, Double of the Second-Class.
October 19: St. Peter of Alcantara Confessor, Double.
October 20: St. John Cantius Confessor, Double.
October 21: St. Hilarion Abbot, Simple, Commemoration of St. Ursula and Companions Virgins and Martyrs.
October 22: Feria
October 23: Feria
October 24: St. Raphael Archangel, Greater Double.
October 25: Ss. Chrysanthus and Daria Martyrs, Simple.
October 26: St. Evaristus Pope and Martyr, Simple.
October 27: Vigil.
October 28: Ss. Simon and Jude Apostles, Double of the Second-Class.
October 29: Feria
October 30: Feria
October 31: Vigil.

Last Sunday in October: The Feast of Our Lord Jesus, Christ the King, Double of the First-Class, Commemoration of the Sunday.


November


November 1: All Saints, Double of the First-Class.
November 2: Commemoration of all the Faithful Departed, Double.
November 3: Of the Third Day within the Octave of All Saints, Semi-Double.
November 4: St. Charles Bishop and Confessor, Double, Commemoration of the Octave of All Saints and Ss. Vitalis and Agricola Martyrs.
November 5: Of the Fifth Day within the Octave of All Saints, Semi-Double.
November 6: Of the Sixth Day within the Octave of All Saints, Semi-Double.
November 7: Of the Seventh Day within the Octave of All Saints, Semi-Double.
November 8: Octave of All Saints, Greater Double, Commemoration of the Holy Four Crowned Martyrs.
November 9: Dedication of the Archbasilica of the Most Holy Saviour, Double of the Second-Class, Commemoration of St. Theodore Martyr.
November 10: St. Andrew Avellino Confessor, Double, Commemoration of Ss. Tryphon, Respicius, and Nympha Martyrs.
November 11: St. Martin Bishop and Confessor, Double, Commemoration of St. Mennas Martyr.
November 12: St. Martin I Pope and Martyr, Semi-Double.
November 13: St. Didacus Confessor, Semi-Double.
November 14: St. Josaphat Bishop and Martyr, Double.
November 15: St. Albert the Great Bishop, Confessor, and Doctor of the Church, Double.
November 16: St. Gertrude Virgin, Double.
November 17: St. Gregory Thaumaturgus Bishop and Confessor, Semi-Double.
November 18: Dedication of the Basilicas of Ss. Peter and Paul, Greater Double
November 19: St. Elisabeth Widow, Double, Commemoration of St. Pontianus Pope and Martyr.
November 20: St. Felix of Valois Confessor, Double.
November 21: Presentation of the Blessed Virgin Mary, Greater Double
November 22: St. Cecilia Virgin and Martyr, Double.
November 23: St. Clement I Pope and Martyr, Double, Commemoration of St. Felicitas Martyr.
November 24: St. John of the Cross Confessor and Doctor of the Church, Double, Commemoration of St. Chrysogonus Martyr.
November 25: St. Catherine Virgin and Martyr, Double.
November 26: St. Sylvester Abbot, Double, Commemoration of St. Peter of Alexandria Bishop and Martyr.
November 27: Feria
November 28: Feria
November 29: Vigil. Commemoration of St. Saturninus.
November 30: St. Andrew Apostle, Double of the Second-Class.


December


December 1: Feria
December 2: St. Bibiana Virgin and Martyr, Semi-Double.
December 3: St. Francis Xavier Confessor, Greater Double.
December 4: St. Peter Chrysologus Bishop, Confessor, and Doctor of the Church, Double, Commemoration of St. Barbara Virgin and Martyr.
December 5: Feria. Commemoration of St. Sabbas Abbot.
December 6: St. Nicholas Bishop and Confessor, Double.
December 7: St. Ambrose Bishop, Confessor, and Doctor of the Church, Double, Commemoration of the Vigil.
December 8: The Immaculate Conception of the Blessed Virgin Mary, Double of the First-Class.
December 9: Of the Second Day within the Octave of the Immaculate Conception, Semi-Double.
December 10: Of the Third Day within the Octave of the Immaculate Conception, Semi-Double, Commemoration of St. Melchiades Pope and Martyr.
December 11: St. Damasus I Pope and Confessor, Semi-Double, Commemoration of the Octave of the Immaculate Conception.
December 12: Of the Fifth Day within the Octave of the Immaculate Conception, Semi-Double.
December 13: St. Lucy Virgin and Martyr, Double, Commemoration of the Octave of the Immaculate Conception.
December 14: Of the Seventh Day within the Octave of the Immaculate Conception, Semi-Double.
December 15: Octave of the Immaculate Conception, Greater Double.
December 16: St. Eusebius Bishop and Martyr, Semi-Double.
December 17: Feria
December 18: Feria
December 19: Feria
December 20: Vigil.
December 21: St. Thomas Apostle, Double of the Second-Class.
December 22: Feria
December 23: Feria
December 24: Vigil.
December 25: Nativity of Our Lord Jesus Christ, Double of the First-Class with a Privileged Octave of the Third Rank.December 26: St. Stephen Proto-Martyr, Double of the Second-Class with a Simple Octave, Commemoration of the Octave of the Nativity.
December 27: St. John Apostle and Evangelist, Double of the Second-Class with a Simple Octave, Commemoration of the Octave of the Nativity.
December 28: The Holy Innocents, Double of the Second-Class with a Simple Octave, Commemoration of the Octave of the Nativity.
December 29: St. Thomas Bishop and Martyr, Double, Commemoration of the Octave of the Nativity.
December 30: Of the Sixth Day within the Octave of the Nativity, Semi-Double.
December 31: St. Sylvester I Pope and Confessor, Double, Commemoration of the Octave of the Nativity.

Although not listed on the General Calendar, a Commemoration of St. Anastasia Martyr is made at the Second Mass on December 25.

PART THREE FOLLOWS

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