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unless otherwise stated.
The Virgin at Prayer.
Artist: Giovanni Battista Salvi da Sassoferrato (1609–1685).
Description: Giovanni Battista Salvi "Il Sassoferrato", Jungfrun i bön (1640-1650).
Date: Between 1640 and 1650.
Current location: National Gallery, London.
(Wikimedia Commons)
The earliest Feasts, that relate to Mary, grew out of the Cycle of Feasts that celebrated the Nativity of Jesus. Given that according to the Gospel of Luke (Luke 2:22–40), forty days after the birth of Jesus, along with the Presentation of Jesus at the Temple, Mary was purified according to Jewish customs, the Feast of the Purification began to be celebrated by the 5th-Century, and became the Feast of Simeon in Byzantium.
A separate Feast for Mary, connected with the "Nativity of Jesus" Cycle of Feasts, originated in the 5th-Century, even perhaps before the First Council of Ephesus took place in 431 A.D. It seems certain that the Sermon, by Proclus, before Nestorius (the Archbishop of Constantinople, whose Nestorianism rejected the title of Theotokos), which began the controversy that lead to the 431 A.D. Council, was about a Feast for the Virgin Mary.
The venerated image of Our Lady of Warfhuizen.
Photo: 10-08-2007.
Source: Own work.
Author: Broederhugo.
(Wikimedia Commons)
In the Western Church, a Feast dedicated to Mary, just before Christmas, was celebrated in the Churches of Milan and Ravenna, in Italy, in the 7th-Century. The four Roman Marian feasts of Purification, Annunciation, Assumption, and Nativity of Mary, were gradually and sporadically introduced into England and, by the 11th-Century, were being celebrated there.
English: Blessed Virgin Mary with the Infant, Jesus, with Pope Sixtus II and Saint Barbara.
Deutsch: Sixtinische Madonna, Szene: Maria mit Christuskind, Hl. Papst Sixtus II. und Hl. Barbara.
Artist: Raphael (1483–1520).
Date: 1513 - 1514.
Current location: Gemäldegalerie, Dresden, Germany.
Note: Deutsch: Urspr. Hochaltar von San Sisto in Piacenza.
Source/Photographer: The Yorck Project: 10.000 Meisterwerke der Malerei. DVD-ROM, 2002.
ISBN 3936122202. Distributed by DIRECTMEDIA Publishing GmbH.
Permission: [1].
(Wikimedia Commons)
While the Western Catholics celebrate the Feast of the Assumption on 15 August, some Eastern Catholics celebrate it as Dormition of the Theotokos, and may do so on 28 August, if they follow the Julian Calendar. The Eastern Orthodox also celebrate it as the Dormition of the Theotokos, one of their 12 Great Feasts. The Armenian Apostolic Church celebrates the Feast of Dormition not on a fixed date, but on the Sunday nearest 15 August. Moreover, the practices that go beyond Doctrinal differences also vary, e.g. for the Eastern Orthodox, the Feast is preceded by the fourteen-day Dormition Fast.
Feasts continue to be developed, e.g. the Feast of the Queenship of Mary was declared in 1954 in the Papal Encyclical "Ad Caeli Reginam" by Pope Pius XII. The initial Ceremony for this Feast involved the Crowning of the Salus Populi Romani icon of the Virgin Mary, in Rome, by Pope Pius XII, as part of a Procession in Rome, and is unique to Roman Catholics.
PART TWO FOLLOWS.
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