The Great West Front,
Wells Cathedral.
Photo: 30 April 2014.
Source: Own work.
Attribution:
Photo by DAVID ILIFF.
Licence: CC BY-SA 3.0.
Author: Diliff
(Wikimedia Commons)
Text from Wikipedia - the free encyclopædia,
unless stated otherwise.
Jocelin died at Wells on 19 November 1242 and was buried in the Choir of the Cathedral;[26][27][29] the Memorial Brass on his tomb is one of the earliest Brasses in England.[27] Following his death, the Monks of Bath unsuccessfully attempted to regain authority over Wells.[30]
In 1245, the ongoing dispute over the title of the Bishop was resolved by a ruling of Pope Innocent IV, who established the title as the “Bishop of Bath and Wells”, which it has remained until this day, with Wells as the principal Seat of the Bishop.[31]
Since the 11th-Century, the Church has had a Chapter of Secular Clergy, like the Cathedrals of Chichester, Hereford, Lincoln and York. The Chapter was endowed with twenty-two Prebends (lands from which finance was drawn) and a Provost to manage them. On acquiring Cathedral status, in common with other such Cathedrals, it had four Chief Clergy:
In 1245, the ongoing dispute over the title of the Bishop was resolved by a ruling of Pope Innocent IV, who established the title as the “Bishop of Bath and Wells”, which it has remained until this day, with Wells as the principal Seat of the Bishop.[31]
Since the 11th-Century, the Church has had a Chapter of Secular Clergy, like the Cathedrals of Chichester, Hereford, Lincoln and York. The Chapter was endowed with twenty-two Prebends (lands from which finance was drawn) and a Provost to manage them. On acquiring Cathedral status, in common with other such Cathedrals, it had four Chief Clergy:
Dean;
Precentor;
Chancellor;
Sacristan,
who were responsible for the spiritual and material care of the Cathedral.[32]
Adam Locke was Master Mason from about 1192 until 1230.[33] The Cathedral was designed in the new style with Pointed Arches, later known as Gothic, which was introduced at about the same time at Canterbury Cathedral.[34]
Work was halted between 1209 and 1213 when King John was excommunicated and Jocelin was in exile,[35] but the main parts of the Church were complete by the time of the dedication by Jocelin in 1239.[21]
John Droxford initiated another phase of building under Master Mason Thomas of Whitney,[36] during which the Central Tower was heightened and an eight-sided Lady Chapel was added at the East End by 1326.[37]
Precentor;
Chancellor;
Sacristan,
who were responsible for the spiritual and material care of the Cathedral.[32]
14th-Century Jesse Tree Window,
Wells Cathedral.
Photo: 11 February 2008.
Source: Wells Cathedral HDR photo.
Author: IDS.photos from Tiverton, U.K.
(Wikimedia Commons)
Work was halted between 1209 and 1213 when King John was excommunicated and Jocelin was in exile,[35] but the main parts of the Church were complete by the time of the dedication by Jocelin in 1239.[21]
John Droxford initiated another phase of building under Master Mason Thomas of Whitney,[36] during which the Central Tower was heightened and an eight-sided Lady Chapel was added at the East End by 1326.[37]
Arcade, Triforium, Clerestory,
Wells Cathedral.
Photo: 2 July 2008.
Source: Own work.
Author: Lamiai
(Wikimedia Commons)
PART FIVE FOLLOWS.
These architectural elements this reader always confuses: “Is it a clerestory? Or is it a triforium? Or an ‘arcade?’” -Comment by Dante P
ReplyDeleteOh, dear. One wonders whether Our Liturgical Architectural Correspondent has been down the Pub again with Perkins and Jeeves !!! Never mind, herewith the answer:
DeleteCLERESTORY:
Location: High on the wall, above lower-roofed Aisles or Sections.
Purpose: To illuminate dark interiors and provide ventilation in large structures.
Historical Use: Prominent in Romanesque and Gothic Cathedrals, built above the Nave's roofline.
TRIFORIUM:
A Triforium is a distinctive Architectural feature in Mediæval Churches, a narrow Gallery or Passageway set above the main Arcade (Ground Level Arches) and below the Clerestory (Upper Windows), typically found in the Nave, Choir, or Transepts, serving as a structural support, ventilation channel, or decorative element, sometimes opening into the Side Aisles' roof space.
Location: Above the Nave Arcade, below the Clerestory, extending over the Side Aisle Vaults.
Origin: Derived from Latin for "three openings," often seen as three Arched sub-divisions per Bay.
ARCADE:
An Arcade is a succession of contiguous Arches, with each Arch supported by a Colonnade of Columns or Piers.
So, to sum up:
ARCADE: At the bottom;
TRIFORIUM: In the middle;
CLERESTORY: At the top.
Thank you, Zephyrinus.l, for the detailed clarification.
ReplyDeletePerhaps it was also a “romantic” conception, but the correspondent was told at one time “by an informed party” that the triforium also had a dual purpose as a “monk’s walk,” where the clergy would walk while reading and reciting the Office. Is there any basis for this? -Q. by Dante P
Zephyrinus is of the opinion, Dante P, that the “Monk's Walk” referred to is, almost certainly, correct. Monks would undertake their daily requirement to say the Divine Office by, often, seeking quiet locations to avoid any interruptions.
DeleteThese locations would inevitably include the Cloisters and the Triforium.
Zephyrinus has sometimes walked the Triforium in various Cathedrals and can vouch for the quiet and peaceful atmosphere afforded there.