unless stated otherwise.
The following is a list of the Feast Days of the General Roman Calendar, as it was in 1954.
The following is a list of the Feast Days of the General Roman Calendar, as it was in 1954.
It is, thus, basically that established by Pope Saint Pius X (1903 – 1914), but it also incorporates changes that were made by Pope Pius XI (1922 – 1939), such as the institution of the Feast of Christ the King, while not including those made in 1955 by Pope Pius XII (1939 – 1958).
The changes, that the last-mentioned Pope made, are indicated in the General Roman Calendar of Pope Pius XII.
The changes, that the last-mentioned Pope made, are indicated in the General Roman Calendar of Pope Pius XII.
They included the institution of two Feasts in May:
Saint Joseph the Workman was added on 1 May as a Double of the First-Class, requiring the transfer of Saints Philip and James to 11 May, and involving also the suppression of the Solemnity of Saint Joseph, which for just over a Century had been Celebrated on the second Wednesday after the Octave of Easter;
And the Feast of the Blessed Virgin Mary, Queen, was added on 31 May as a Double of the Second-Class, transferring Saint Angela Merici, but not the Commemoration of Saint Petronilla, to 1 June.
A total of fifteen Octaves - all those except Easter, Pentecost, and Christmas - were also suppressed in the reform of 1955.
Pope Saint John XXIII.
Date: Between 28 October 1958 - 3 June 1963.
Source:
Saint John XXIII Community.com.
Flipboard.com.
This File: 18 December 2020.
User: Rossel44
Author: De Agostini Editore.
(Wikipedia)
Pope Saint John XXIII (1958 - 1963) made a revision of the General Roman Calendar with the Motu Proprio “Rubricarum Instructum”, in 1960.
The 1962 Calendar is thus the Calendar approved by Pope Benedict XVI with his 7 July 2007 document “Summorum Pontificum” for use as an Extraordinary Form of the Roman Rite.
The General Roman Calendar was again revised in 1969, in connection with the revision of the Roman Missal, and later.
The General Roman Calendar was again revised in 1969, in connection with the revision of the Roman Missal, and later.
For its current state, see Roman Catholic Calendar of Saints.
For most of the Celebrations here listed, the Mass is found in the Roman Missal of the time in the Section called the “Proper of the Saints”, but, for those occurring from 24 December to 13 January, it is found in the “Proper of the Season”, as these days do not move with respect to the Seasons of The Church Year.
The Offices of these Feasts are likewise arranged in the Breviary.
Rank of Feast Days.
The ranking of Feast Days, that had grown from an original division between Doubles and Simples and that by the time of the Tridentine Calendar included Semi-Doubles, with Pope Clement VIII adding, in 1604, to the distinction between First- and Second-Class Doubles, the new rank of Greater Double, was still in use in the 1954 Calendar, and would continue until the following year,1955, when Pope Pius XII abolished the rank of Semi-Double.
The rank of Feast Days determines which Mass is to be said when two Feast Days coincide (or “occur”) on the one day, as well as when a Feast Day falls on Sundays or certain other Privileged Days.
Rank of Feast Days.
The ranking of Feast Days, that had grown from an original division between Doubles and Simples and that by the time of the Tridentine Calendar included Semi-Doubles, with Pope Clement VIII adding, in 1604, to the distinction between First- and Second-Class Doubles, the new rank of Greater Double, was still in use in the 1954 Calendar, and would continue until the following year,1955, when Pope Pius XII abolished the rank of Semi-Double.
The rank of Feast Days determines which Mass is to be said when two Feast Days coincide (or “occur”) on the one day, as well as when a Feast Day falls on Sundays or certain other Privileged Days.
Feast Days were classified as Simple, Semi-Double, or Double, with Feast Days of the Double Rite further divided into Double of the First Class, Double of the Second Class, Greater Double or Major Double, and Double, in order of descending rank.
On Ferias and many Feast Days of Simple rank, the Celebrant was permitted to substitute a Mass of his own choice, such as a Votive Mass, or a Mass for the Dead.
Portrait of Clement VIII (1536 - 1605).
Artist: Attributed to Antonio Scalvati (1557–1619).
Date: 1596-1605.
Photo: 2 February 2017.
Source: Own work.
This File is licensed under the
Share Alike 4.0 International Licence.
Author: Gelindu
(Wikimedia Commons)
of Greater Double in 1604.
What the original meaning of the term “Double” may have been is not entirely certain. Some think that the greater Festivals were thus styled because the antiphons before and after the Psalms were “doubled”, i.e. twice repeated entire on these days.
Others, with more probability, point to the fact that, before the 9th-Century A.D., in certain places, for example at Rome, it was customary on the Greater Feast Days to recite two sets of Matins, the one of the Feria or Week-Day, the other of the Festival. Hence, such days were known as “Doubles”.
The Catholic Encyclopædia of the early years of the 20th-Century shows the incremental crowding of the Liturgical Calendar (which had increased further by 1954) in the following table based on the official revisions of the Roman Breviary in 1568, 1602, 1631, 1882, and on the situation in 1907.
In 1907, when, in accordance with the rules in force since the time of Pope Pius V, Feast Days of any form of Double, if impeded by “Occurrence” (falling on the same day) with a Feast Day of higher class, were transferred to another day, this classification of Feast Days was of great practical importance for deciding which Feast Day to Celebrate on any particular day.
Pope Saint Pius X simplified matters considerably in his 1911 Reform of the Roman Breviary.
In the case of “Occurrence”, the lower-ranking Feast Day could become a Commemoration within the Celebration of the higher-ranking Feast.
In the case of “Occurrence”, the lower-ranking Feast Day could become a Commemoration within the Celebration of the higher-ranking Feast.
Further retouching was made by Pope Pius XII in 1955, Pope Saint John XXIII in 1962, and Pope Paul VI in 1969.
Sundays.
Sundays were divided into Greater Sundays and Lesser Sundays, with the Greater Sundays being further divided into two classes.
Sundays.
Sundays were divided into Greater Sundays and Lesser Sundays, with the Greater Sundays being further divided into two classes.
The Greater Sundays of the First Class were the First Sunday of Advent, the four Sundays of Lent, Passion Sunday, Palm Sunday, Easter Sunday, Low Sunday, and Pentecost.
No Feast Day whatsoever could be Celebrated on these days, although they admitted Commemorations (except on Easter and Pentecost).
Greater Sundays of the Second-Class permitted the Celebration of Doubles of the First-Class, only, and consisted of the other three Sundays in Advent and the three pre-Lenten Sundays.
Greater Sundays of the Second-Class permitted the Celebration of Doubles of the First-Class, only, and consisted of the other three Sundays in Advent and the three pre-Lenten Sundays.
All other Sundays (Second Sunday after Easter to Fifth Sunday after Easter and the Sundays after Epiphany and Pentecost, except for those which might occur during an Octave, which followed the rules for the Octave), were Lesser Sundays or Sundays “per annum” (“through the year”), and only the Celebration of Doubles of the First-Class or Double of the Second-Class, or a Feast of The Lord, took precedence over them.
The Sunday within the Octave of the Nativity was a special case, due to the fixed date of Christmas and the high rank of the Feast Days following it.
If 29, 30, or 31 December, were a Sunday, the Mass assigned to it was Celebrated on that day; otherwise, it was Celebrated on 30 December.
Pope Saint Pius X
wearing Papal Regalia.
Date: 1904.
Source:
National Magazine: https://archive.org/stream/
This File: 7 November 2016.
User: Julian Felsenburgh
Author: Underwood & Underwood.
(Wikimedia Commons)
Before the reform of Pope Saint Pius X in 1911, ordinary Doubles took precedence over most of the Semi-Double Sundays, resulting in many of the Masses for those particular Sundays rarely being said (the Masses for the Doubles being said, instead).
While retaining the Semi-Double rite for Sundays, the reform permitted only the most important Feast Days and Doubles of the First-Class or Doubles of the Second-Class to be Celebrated on Sunday.
When a Feast of the rank of Double of the First- Class or Double of the Second-Class fell on a Sunday, the Mass would be that of the Feast, with a Commemoration of the Occurring Sunday; the Gospel of the omitted Sunday Mass would be read at the end of Mass (the “Last Gospel”), instead of the usual Last Gospel “In principio erat Verbum” of Saint John.
When a Feast of a rank lower than that in “Occurrence” with a Sunday, the Feast would be Commemorated in the Sunday Mass by including a Commemoration of the Feast, and its Gospel would be read at the end of Mass (the “Last Gospel), provided it was a “Proper” Gospel, i.e. one not taken from the Common.
Following the reform of Pope Saint Pius X, only three Feasts were assigned to a Sunday. The Feast Days of:
The Holy Name;
The Holy Family;
The Most Holy Trinity.
A fourth, Christ the King, was added in 1925.
When a Feast of the rank of Double of the First- Class or Double of the Second-Class fell on a Sunday, the Mass would be that of the Feast, with a Commemoration of the Occurring Sunday; the Gospel of the omitted Sunday Mass would be read at the end of Mass (the “Last Gospel”), instead of the usual Last Gospel “In principio erat Verbum” of Saint John.
Luxury Coach produced in Rome by the Casalini Brothers, renowned Carriage Manufacturers, during the Papacy of Pope Saint Pius IX, in the Vatican Museum. As shown by the Coat-of-Arms of Pope Pius IX and Pope Saint Pius X, painted on the Right and Left doors, respectively, the Carriage was used during Pontificates until the beginning of the 20th-Century.
Български: Луксозна папска каляска произведена
в Рим от братя Казалини, известни производители
на каляски, по време на папството на
Папа Пий IX, Ватикански музей, Ватикана.
Photo: 20 October 2018.
Source: Own work.
This File is licensed under the
4.0 International Licence.
Author: Biser Todorov.
(Wikimedia Commons)
Following the reform of Pope Saint Pius X, only three Feasts were assigned to a Sunday. The Feast Days of:
The Holy Name;
The Holy Family;
The Most Holy Trinity.
A fourth, Christ the King, was added in 1925.
Ferias.
Ferias also were classified into three categories:
Greater Privileged Ferias:
Ferias also were classified into three categories:
Greater Privileged Ferias:
Ash Wednesday;
Monday of Holy Week;
Tuesday of Holy Week;
Wednesday of Holy Week.
No Feast Day could be Celebrated on these days.
Greater Non-Privileged Ferias:
Ferias of Advent;
Ferias of Lent;
Ferias of Passion Week;
Rogation Monday;
The Ember Days.
Any Feast Day, except a Simple Feast Day, could have “Occurrence” on these days, with a Commemoration of the Feria.
All Other Ferias:
Any Feast Day of whatever rank could be Celebrated without any Commemoration of the Feria.
Ember Days.
Ember Days are four separate sets, of three days each, within the same week — specifically, the Wednesday, Friday, and Saturday — roughly equi-distant in the circuit of the year, that were formerly set aside for Fasting and Prayer.
These days set apart for special Prayer and Fasting were considered especially suitable for the Ordination of Clergy.
The Ember Days are known in Latin as “Quatuor Tempora” (the “Four Seasons”), or “Jejunia Quatuor Temporum” (“Fasts of the Four Seasons”).
They occur in the weeks:
Between the third and fourth Sundays of Advent;
Between the first and second Sundays of Lent;
Between Pentecost Sunday and Trinity Sunday;
And beginning the first Wednesday after The Exaltation of The Holy Cross (14 September), which is between the Liturgical third and fourth Sundays of September.
Rogation Days.
Rogation Days are, in the Calendar of the Western Church, four days Traditionally set apart for Solemn Processions to invoke God’s Mercy.
They are:
25 April, the Major Rogation Day (or Greater Litanies), coinciding with Saint Mark’s Day (but transferred to the following Tuesday if they fell on Easter);
The three days preceding Ascension Thursday, the Minor Rogations (or Lesser Litanies).
These are indicated below in the main body of the Calendar and in the Movable Feasts section.
PART TWO FOLLOWS.
PART TWO FOLLOWS.
Thank you, Zephyrinus: this Rustic in the Colonies did not know that the somewhat covert and mysteriously accelerating Bugnini-supervised liturgical calendar changes eliminated “a total of fifteen Octaves - all those except Easter, Pentecost, and Christmas - …in the reform of 1955.”
ReplyDeleteAlso not understood by this reader was the rather complicated but venerable and logical ranking of feasts, which you often encounter in the “old books”: Simple, Semi-Double, or Double, with Feast Days of the Double Rite further divided into Double of the First Class, Double of the Second Class, Greater Double or Major Double, and Double, in order of descending rank.”
Thank you for a very complete explanation (Part I) here of the calendar of S. Pius X, and of the curious and apparently “accelerating” truncation of the calendar which one supposes was the work of one Annibale Bugnini, one who really lacked the scholarship and authority yet was able to pass himself off as “an expert”—when usually he was merely personally and daresay emotionally biased towards cutting, eliminating, and discarding Roman liturgical tradition as “dusty old relics.
A most careful and judicious choice of words and phrases, Dante P, when referring to that character, Bugnini. Well done.
DeleteMany another person would/could/did choose other, more voluble, words and phrases, when describing Mr. Bugnini.
You avoided that trap. Again, well done.
One other observation (don’t encourage the Rustic, but thank you, Zephyrinus): Often coming out of Rome in the post-1965 era was the oft-used word “accretions:” the New Liturgists would often state that the purpose of the liturgical changes was to “remove accretions” —like barnacles that had to be scraped off the hull of the ship, “medieval accretions” that had been added to the true structure of the Traditional Roman Mass (in fact, they preferred to call it “The Roman Liturgy,” not “The Mass”).
ReplyDeleteThere has been a failure starting at that time (1962-1965) to recognize and preserve the historical organic development of the Mass and its traditions, which Pp. S. Pius X, Benedict XV, and Pius XII for the most part did, until the “liturgists” took control of the train.
(As a lad I attended one of these post-V2 Liturgists’ training conferences—how now as a historical document, I wish I had preserved their mimeographed sheets and their notes on their lectures filled with wild claims of “restoring the primitive original liturgy of The Lord’s Supper in its purest form. (!)”
How very, very, very, true, Dante P.
DeleteBy their Actions, they will be known !!!
The Devil moves in mysterious ways . . .