Illustration: THE MISSIVE
This Article, dated 13 March 2019, is taken from, and can be read in full at, THE MISSIVE
By Fr. Arnaud Devillers, FSSP.
What are Ember Days ? Ember Days are three days (Wednesday, Friday and Saturday) set apart in each of the four Seasons for Fasting, Abstinence and Prayer. Tied to the Seasonal Cycles of farming and harvesting, the purpose of Ember Days is to render thanks to God for the gifts of Creation and to ask His help in using them well. Since 1966 [Editor: Post-Vatican II, of course], the Fasting and Abstinence are no longer prescribed, but still encouraged.
What is the origin of Ember Days ? Pin-pointing the exact date may be challenging, but what is certain is that they originated in Rome within the first Centuries of The Church. Pope Saint Leo the Great (Mid-5th-Century A.D.) has left a series of beautiful Sermons for these days, and he thought they had been instituted by The Apostles, themselves. The “Liber Pontificalis” dates their institution to Pope Saint Calixtus (218 A.D. - 225 A.D.), though they were more probably instituted by Pope Siricius (384 A.D. - 399 A.D.).
Illustration: THE MISSIVE
In her early days, The Church in Rome was confronted with a number of pagan religious nature festivals. Outstanding among them was the threefold Seasonal observance of prayer and sacrifices to obtain the favour of the gods upon sowing and harvest.
The first of these Seasonal celebrations occurred at various dates between the middle of November and The Winter Solstice. It was a time of prayer for successful sowing (“Feriæ Sementivæ”: Feast of Sowing).
The second festival was held in June for the grain harvest (“Feriæ Messis”: Harvest Feast).
The third festival came before The Autumnal Equinox (September) and was motivated by the grapes harvest (“Feriæ Vindimiales”: Feast of Wine).
As The Roman Empire became officially Christian, The Church tried to Sanctify these Seasonal festivals. The first regulations mention only “Three Seasons”. Eventually, The Church added a fourth Prayer Period (in March).
This change seems to have been motivated by the fact that the year contains four natural Seasons [Editor: Spring; Summer; Autumn; Winter], and also by the mention of four Fasting Periods in The Book of Zechariah (8:19).
At about the same time, each period was extended over the three Traditional Station Days (Wednesday, Friday, Saturday). While The Station Fast, at other times was expected, but not strictly prescribed, this Seasonal observance imposed Fasting by obligation. The Eucharistic Sacrifice was Offered after having Fasted the whole of Saturday and having performed a long Vigil Service of Prayers and Readings, lasting the greater part of the night.
FSSP Ordinations,
Ember Saturday of Pentecost,
26 May 2018.
Illustration: THE MISSIVE
In 494 A.D., Pope Gelasius I prescribed that The Sacrament of Holy Orders be conferred on Ember Saturdays. Thus, the Prayer and Fasting of Ember Week acquired added importance, for Apostolic Tradition demanded that Ordinations be preceded by Fast and Prayer (Acts 13:3).
Not only did the candidates, themselves, Fast and Pray, for a few days in preparation for Holy Orders, but the whole Clergy and People joined them to obtain God’s Grace and Blessing upon their Calling. Thus, Embertides became like Spiritual Exercises for all, similar in thought and purpose to our modern Retreats and Missions. Ember Days have been used at times as Special Prayers by The Faithful for Vocations to The Priesthood and for The Sanctification of Priests.
Why are they called “Ember Days” ? The words have nothing to do with embers, or, ashes. It may be from The Anglo-Saxon “Ymbren”, meaning a circle, or, revolution; or, more likely, it may be a corruption of the Latin “Quatuor Tempora” [Editor: “Four Seasons”, or, “Four Times”] through Dutch, Danish or German (“Quatember”).
What are the dates of Ember Days ? They have fluctuated throughout history. The Ember Days of Lent were not originally linked to the First Week of Lent, but to the First Week in March. Francis Mershman, in The Catholic Encyclopedia (1908), affirms: “They were definitely arranged and prescribed for the Entire Church by Pope Gregory VII (1073-1085) for the Wednesday, Friday, and Saturday, after
13 December (Sancta Lucia) [Editor: Feast Day of Saint Lucy], after Ash Wednesday, after Whitsunday, and after
14 September (The Exaltation of The Holy Cross).” This was expressed in the old English rhyme:
“Fasting Days and Emberings be,
Lent, Whitsun, Holyrood, Lucie”.
Or, a shorter mnemonic:
“Lenty, Penty, Crucy, Lucy”.
Since the publishing of The Catholic Encyclopedia, the dates have changed again. According to The Extraordinary Form of The Roman Missal (1962), The Advent Ember Days are The Wednesday, Friday, and Saturday, of The Third Week of Advent, and The September Ember Days are The Wednesday, Friday, and Saturday, of The Third Week of September.
Ember Days remind us of a time when society was mostly rural. In our urban society, the connection between Ember Days and The Cycle of sowing and harvest does not speak to most of us any longer. However, the association of Ember Days and Ordinations could give a new purpose to Ember Days as voluntary Days of Penance by Clergy and Faithful, together, to, not only Confess and atone for sins of the past, but, also, to Pray for more Vocations to The Priesthood and The Sanctification of The Clergy. +
As usual, a fascinating “deep dive” by Zephyrinus into the extensive background and tradition of the “Ember Days:”And a “neat” lighthearted cultural device: “Fasting Days and Emberings be, Lent, Whitsun, Holyrood, Lucie”.
ReplyDeleteOr, “Lenty, Penty, Crucy, Lucy.”
We @ “Zephyrinus Abbey” have discussed many times the profound value of voluntary obligations of extra prayer, fasting and additional devotions throughout the year. In this proudly atheist age (that, really, a brazen statement of foolish historical illiteracy), so more devotions, and certainly more penance is needed to counteract the materialism of the age. And also, the very fact that one of the holiest popes of all time, the celebrated P. Gregory VII, “Hildebrand of Sovana,” (d. 1085) should cause any knowledgeable Catholic “additional pause” and reason to respect this ancient tradition. Thank you, Zephyrinus. -Comment by Dante P
An outstanding contribution to this Article from Dante P, for which we “. . . at Zephyrinus Abbey . . .” are extremely grateful.
DeleteDante P quite rightly comments on the need for more Prayer, Penance, Devotions, to counter this “back-door attack” on Catholic Liturgy.
It behoves the Catholic population to request such Ember Day Liturgical practices from their Parish Priests.
It still remains a matter of grave concern that, after being handed responsibility for The Ember Days by “Vatican II”, the Bishops of England and Wales have totally ignored that responsibility.
The only question is: “WHY ?”