Rogation Days.

Rogation Day.

Illustration: LITURGICAL ARTS JOURNAL

Rogation Day, Hungary, 2017.

Illustration: LITURGICAL ARTS JOURNAL

This Article, by Shawn Tribe, is taken from, and can be read in full at,

LITURGICAL ARTS JOURNAL

These next three days are Rogation Days, in The Roman Calendar, but, in this period of rediscovery of our Traditions, many may well be asking: What exactly are Rogation Days?

Rogation Days were Days which were instituted to appease Divine Justice, ask for protection, and invoke God's Blessing on The Harvest. They are divided into the "Major" and "Minor" Rogations, with the latter being The Three Days before Ascension Thursday, and, hence, this very Monday, Tuesday and Wednesday.

First, a bit on the origins and the timing of The Rogation Days, generally:

The Rogation Days are 25 April, called "The Major Rogations", and The Three Days before The Feast of The Ascension, called "The Minor Rogations". The Major Rogations, which have no connection with The Feast of Saint Mark (fixed for 25 April, much later), seems to be of very early date and to have been introduced to counteract the ancient "Robigalia", on which the heathens held processions and supplications to their gods.

Saint Gregory the Great (+ 604 A.D.) regulated the already-existing custom. The Minor Rogations were introduced by Saint Mamertus, Bishop of Vienne, France, and were afterwards ordered by The Fifth Council of Orléans, which was held in 511 A.D., and then approved by Pope Leo III (795 A.D. - 816 A.D.).

The Catholic Encyclopedia, "Rogation Days".

Fr. Francis X. Weiser, S.J., further notes the following on the origins of The Minor Rogation Days:

In 470 A.D., during a time of unusual calamities (storms, floods, earthquakes), Bishop Mamertus of Vienne, in Gaul (France), originated an Annual Observance of Penitential Exercises for The Three Days before The Feast of The Ascension. With the co-operation of Civil Authorities, he decreed that The Faithful abstain from servile work and that this "Triduum" [Editor: Three Days] be held as a Time of Penance, with Prayer and Fasting. He also prescribed Penitential Processions (Litanies) for each one of The Three Days. Thus, the name "Litanies" was given to the whole Celebration.

Soon, other Bishops of Gaul adopted the observance. In the 6th-Century A.D., it started spreading into neighbouring Countries. In 511 A.D., The Council of Orleans prescribed it for The Frankish (Merovingian) part of France. The Diocese of Milan accepted The Litanies, but held them in The Week before Pentecost. In Spain, they were observed in the 6th-Century A.D., during The Week after Pentecost. The Council of Mainz (813 A.D.) introduced them to The German part of The Frankish Empire . . . Charlemagne and The Frankish Bishops urged Pope Leo III (816 A.D.) to incorporate these Litanies into The Roman Liturgy. The Pope finally consented to a compromise: The observance of The Fast was rescinded, but The Penitential Procession was approved.

Handbook of Christian Feasts and Customs, pp. 41-42.

As for the Liturgical aspect connected with Rogation Days, The Catholic Encyclopedia notes:

The order to be observed in The Procession of The Major and Minor Rogations is given in The Roman Ritual, Title X, Ch. iv. After the Antiphon "Exurge Domine", The Litany of The Saints is Chanted and each Verse and Response is said twice. After the Verse, "Sancta Maria", The Procession begins to move. If necessary, The Litany may be repeated, or some of The Penitential, or Gradual, Psalms added. For The Minor Rogations the "Ceremoniale Episcoporum", Book II, Ch. xxxii, notes: "Eadem serventur sed aliquid remissius". If The Procession is held, The Rogation Mass is obligatory, and no notice is taken of whatever Feast may occur, unless only one Mass is said, for then a Commemoration is made of The Feast. An exception is made in favour of The Patron or Titular of the Church, of whom The Mass is said with a Commemoration of The Rogation. The Colour used in The Procession and Mass is Violet. The Roman Breviary gives the instruction: "All persons bound to recite The Office, and who are not present at The Procession, are bound to recite The Litany, nor can it be Anticipated".

Lest our Readers think this wonderful Tradition is but a thing of The Past, here's a photograph from a 2017 Rogation Day Procession in Hungary (see, above).

Rogation Days.

Roman Text from The Saint Andrew Daily Missal.

The Ancient Custom of Blessing the Fields

on Rogation Sunday,

at Hever, Kent,
England.

Photo: 9 February 1967.

Source: From geograph.org.uk

Author: Ray Trevena.

(Wikimedia Commons)

THE LESSER LITANIES.

In consequence of the public calamities that afflicted the Diocese of Vienne-in-Dauphiny, France, in the 5th-Century, Saint Mamertus instituted a Solemn Penitential Procession on the Monday, Tuesday, and Wednesday, before Ascension Day.

Under an Order of the Council of Orleans, in 511 A.D., the Devotion spread to the rest of France. In 816 A.D., Pope Leo III introduced it to Rome and it soon became a general observance throughout the Church.

The Litany of the Saints and the Psalms and Collects, sung in Procession on these days, are supplications; hence, the term "Rogations" applied to them. The object of these Devotions is to appease the anger of God and avert the scourges of His Justice and to draw down the Blessings of God on the Fruits of the Earth.

Rogation Days.

Available on YouTube at

http://youtu.be/zN3Nlp409Z0.

Violet Vestments are used as a token of Penance, and the Paschal Candle is left unlighted. The Litany of the Saints, consisting of Prayer in the form of a dialogue, is an admirable manner of Prayer, which it should be our purpose to cultivate.

The Celebrant wears a Violet Stole and Cope. All in the Choir stand as they sing the Antiphon (Psalm xliii. 26) Exsurge, Domine, adjuva nos . . .

When the Antiphon is finished, all kneel, and two Cantors begin the Litany of the Saints, the Choir singing the Responses. Each Invocation must be repeated, except where it is found impossible to have the Procession. At Sancta Maria, all stand, and the Procession begins to move, preceded by the Processional Cross, and followed by the Clergy, Celebrant and Faithful.

If a Church or Chapel is visited, the Antiphon, Versicle, and Collect of the local Patron Saint may be sung, or the Stational Mass Exaudivit may be said. On leaving the Church or Chapel, the interrupted Litany is resumed.

MASS OF ROGATION.

Stations:

Monday:      At Saint Mary Major;

Tuesday:      At Saint John Lateran;

Wednesday: At Saint Peter's.

Indulgence of 30 years and 30 Quarantines each day.

Violet Vestments.

The Mass, throughout, points to the efficacy of the Prayer of the Just Man, when humble, sure, and persistent. Elias, by Prayer, closed and opened the heavens (Epistle), and Our Lord shows us, by two Parables, that God gives His Holy Spirit to whomsoever asks Him, because He is good (Gospel, Alleluia). In our afflictions, let us place our trust in God and He will hear our Prayers (Introit, Collect).

The Mass of Rogation is said during or after the Procession of both the Greater Litanies (25 April) and the Lesser Litanies.