Winston Churchill.
“We Shall Never Surrender”.
“We Shall Fight On The Beaches . . .”
Available on YouTube at
Saturday, 8 May 2021
The Largest Expanse Of Mediæval Stained-Glass In Britain. The Great East Window. York Minster.
The Great East Window.
York Minster.
Date: Between 1405 and 1408.
Source: https://www.york.ac.uk/
Author: Coventry Glazier, John Thornton.
(Wikimedia Commons)
The largest expanse of Mediæval Stained-Glass in Britain.
The Great East Window was made between 1405 and 1408
by a team of Artists and Craftsmen led by Master-Glazier and Glass-Painter, John Thornton of Coventry.
The Great East Window was made between 1405 and 1408
by a team of Artists and Craftsmen led by Master-Glazier and Glass-Painter, John Thornton of Coventry.
Its subject is equally ambitious, depicting The Beginning and The End of all things, arranged under The Feet of God The Father and The Company of Heaven, at the top of the window.
The Beginning, The Seven Days of Creation, as told
in The Book of Genesis, The First Book of The Bible,
opens the main narrative sequence.
in The Book of Genesis, The First Book of The Bible,
opens the main narrative sequence.
The Nave.
York Minster.
Photo: 31 July 2014.
Source: Own work.
Author: Diliff
(Wikimedia Commons)
The End, and The Second Coming of Christ, based on The Book of Revelation, The Last Book of The Bible, (also known as The Apocalypse), fills the largest section of the window.
The Bottom Row depicts historical and legendary figures associated with the history of York Minster, itself, with the window’s donor, Bishop Walter Skirlaw of Durham (♰ 1406) in The Centre Panel.
The window was conserved and protected by
The York Glaziers Trust between 2011 and 2017.
More information at
The Apparition Of Saint Michael The Archangel. Feast Day 8 May.
Text from The Saint Andrew Daily Missal,
unless stated otherwise.
The Apparition of Saint Michael the Archangel.
Feast Day 8 May.
Greater-Double.
White Vestments.
Saint Michael the Archangel.
Artist: Guido Reni (1575–1642).
Date: Circa 1636.
Current location: Church of Santa Maria della Concezione, Rome.
Source/Photographer: The Yorck Project:
10.000 Meisterwerke der Malerei.
DVD-ROM, 2002. ISBN 3936122202.
Distributed by DIRECTMEDIA Publishing GmbH.
Permission: [1]
(Wikimedia Commons)
Saint Michael The Archangel Prayer.
Available on YouTube at
The Easter Feasts are those of Angelical Spirits, for The Resurrection “gives joy also to The Angels,” says Saint Gregory, “because, in opening Heaven to us, again, it makes up for the losses which their ranks had sustained.”
The Feast of The Apparition of Saint Michael, the Chief of The Celestial Hosts, shows forth, in this Paschaltide, all the grandeur of The Saviour's Triumph.
Saint Michael, himself, comes to defend us in battle (Alleluia). He came down from Heaven (Ibid) and appeared in Italy, towards 525 A,D,, under the Pontificate of Pope Gelasius I, in Apulia, on the summit of Monte Gargano, near the Adriatic and the ancient Sipontum.
He requested that a Sanctuary should be erected to him, where God should be Worshipped, in Memory of himself and all The Angels, and this place became celebrated on account of numerous Miracles.
Mass: Benedícite Dóminum.
English: The Archangel Michæl saving Souls from Purgatory.
Artist: Jacopo Vignali
Date: 17th-Century.
Italiano: Jacopo vignali. San michele arcangelo libera le anime del purgatorio.
Source: Giovanni Piccirillo (a cura di). a chiesa
dei Santi Michele e Gaetano, Becocci Editore, Firenze 2006.
Author: sailko
(Wikimedia Commons)
The following Text is from Wikipedia - the free encyclopædia.
Saint Michael the Archangel is referred to in The Old Testament and has been part of Christian teachings since the earliest times. Throughout the Centuries, specific Roman Catholic Traditions and views on Saint Michael have taken shape, as recently as the 19th- and 20th-Centuries.
A specific “Prayer to Saint Michael” was promoted by Pope Leo XIII in 1886, and, as recently as 1994, was reinforced by Pope Saint John Paul II, who encouraged the Catholic Faithful to continue to Pray it, saying: “I ask everyone not to forget it and to recite it to obtain help in the battle against Forces of Darkness.”
Saint Michael has specific roles, within Roman Catholic teachings, that range from, acting as the chief opponent of Satan, to saving Souls at the hour of death. Roman Catholic literature and Traditions continue to point to Saint Michael in contexts as varied as the protection of The Catholic Church, to The Consecration of Russia, by Pope Pius XII and Pope Saint John Paul II.
PRAYER TO
SAINT MICHAEL THE ARCHANGEL
added by Pope Leo XIII, in 1886,
to The Leonine Prayers,
at The Foot of The Altar,
after Low Mass.
Pope Leo XIII, in 1880.
Source: 1880 book on Pope Leo XIII.
Author: Karl Benzinger.
(Wikimedia Commons)
Holy Michael Archangel,
defend us in the day of battle;
be our safeguard against the wickedness
and snares of the devil.
May God rebuke him,
we humbly Pray,
and do thou,
Prince of the Heavenly host,
by the power of God,
thrust down to Hell,
Satan and all wicked spirits,
who wander through the World
for the ruin of Souls.
Amen.
Čeština: Chrám svatého Michala v Kyjevě.
Photo: 2005.
Source: Own work.
Author: Dezidor
(Wikimedia Commons)
The following Text is from Wikipedia - the free encyclopædia.
The Prayer to Saint Michael is an Invocation, used mainly by Catholics, addressed to Michael the Archangel.
Pope Leo XIII added it, in 1886, to The Leonine Prayers, which he had directed to be said after Low Mass, two years earlier. Pope Saint John Paul II referred to The Saint Michael Prayer in his Regina Cœli Address of 24 April 1994, as follows:
“May Prayer strengthen us for the spiritual battle that The Letter to the Ephesians speaks of: ‘Be strong in The Lord and in the strength of His Might’ (Ephesians 6:10). The Book of Revelation refers to this same battle, recalling before our eyes the image of Saint Michael The Archangel (cf. Revelation 12:7).
“Pope Leo XIII certainly had this picture in mind when, at the end of the 19th-Century, he brought in, throughout The Church, a special Prayer to Saint Michael: ‘Saint Michael The Archangel, defend us in The Day of Battle. Be our protection against the wickedness and snares of the devil . . .’
“Although this Prayer is no longer recited at the end of a Novus Ordo Mass (it is still recited at the end of a Traditional Latin Mass (Usus Antiquior)), I ask everyone not to forget it and to recite it to obtain help in the battle against The Forces of Darkness and against The Spirit of This World.”
Friday, 7 May 2021
The Battle of Tewkesbury (1471). The Wars Of The Roses. “The Bloody Meadow”. Tewkesbury Abbey.
Tewkesbury Abbey.
Photo: 20 July 2006.
Source: Own work.
Author: Velela
(Wikimedia Commons)
“Sanctuary”.
King Edward IV and Lancastrian fugitives at Tewkesbury Abbey.
Artist: Richard Burchett (1815 – 1875) [1]
King Edward IV and his Yorkist Troops are beseeched by a Priest to stop the pursuit of their Lancastrian foes, who have sought Sanctuary within Tewkesbury Abbey.
Date: 1867.
Collection: Guildhall Art Gallery, London.
(Wikimedia Commons)
This Article was promulgated by Zephyrinus reading a riveting Post on the excellent Blog ONCE I WAS A CLEVER BOY, which Zephyrinus urges all Readers to go over and have a look at. You won't be disappointed.
“The Two Armies Engage”.
Artist: Graham Turner.
Image: studio88
Illustration: ONCE I WAS A CLEVER BOY
Text from Wikipedia - the free encyclopædia,
unless stated otherwise.
The forces loyal to The House of Lancaster were completely defeated by those of the rival House of York under their Monarch, King Edward IV.
The Lancastrian Heir to The Throne, Edward, Prince of Wales, and many prominent Lancastrian Nobles, were killed during The Battle, or executed.
The Lancastrian King, Henry VI of England, who was a prisoner in The Tower of London, died, or was murdered, shortly after The Battle.
The Battle of Tewkesbury restored Political stability to England until the death of King Edward IV in 1483.
Belligerents.
(☩ indicates either
Killed-in-Battle
or Executed afterwards).
The House of York.
The White Rose of York.
Date: 18 January 2011.
Source: Own work.
File is Licensed under The Creative Commons Attribution-Share Alike
Author: Sodacan
(Wikimedia Commons)
The House of Lancaster.
Date: 18 January 2011.
Source: Own work.
File is Licensed under The Creative Commons Attribution-Share Alike
Author: Sodacan
(Wikimedia Commons)
The Wars of The Roses.
Available on YouTube at
Commanders and Leaders.
The House of York:
Kind Edward IV.
Coat-of-Arms of Edward, 4th Duke of York,
before he became King Edward IV.
Illustration: PINTEREST
Edward IV (28 April 1442 – 9 April 1483) was King of England
from 4 March 1461 to 3 October 1470,[1] then again from 11 April 1471
until his death in 1483. He was a central figure in The Wars of The Roses,
a series of Civil Wars in England fought between the
Yorkist and Lancastrian factions between 1455 and 1487.
Duke of Gloucester.
English: Coat-of-Arms of Richard, Duke of Gloucester,
later King Richard III of England.
Magyar: Richárd, gloucesteri herceg (a későbbi III. Richárd) címere.
Date: 12 November 2011.
Source: SVG elements from File:England Arms-label ermine.svg
File is Licensed under the
3.0 Unported Licence.
Author: Melinda Rácz
(Wikimedia Commons)
Baron Hastings.
English: Coat-of-Arms of Baron Hastings.
Français: Famille des Barons Hastings.
Blazon:
English: Argent, a maunche Sable.
Français : D'argent, à la manche de sable.
Reference: Folio 57v de l'fr:Armorial de Gelre.
Source: Own work.
File is Licensed under the
Creative Commons Attribution 3.0 Unported License.
Artist: Jimmy44
(Wikimedia Commons)
Edward of Westminster, Prince of Wales, is brought to King Edward IV for questioning in the aftermath of The Battle of Tewkesbury. King Edward IV's brothers, Richard (on the King's Right) and George (on the King's Left),
along with Baron Hastings, stand near the King.
Date: 1864.
Source: Doyle, James William Edmund (1864) "Edward IV" in A Chronicle of England: B.C. 55 – A.D. 1485, London: Longman, Green, Longman, Roberts & Green, pp. p. 424 Retrieved on 12 November 2010.
Author: James William Edmund Doyle (1822–1892).
Engraver: Edmund Evans (1826–1905).
(Wikimedia Commons)
The House of Lancaster.
Duke of Somerset ☩.
Coat-of-Arms of The Duke of Somerset.
Date: 4 August 2013.
Source: Own work.
File is Licensed under the
3.0 Unported Licence.
Author: Sodacan
(Wikimedia Commons)
Either to escape the Cannonade and Volleys of Archery from King Edward IV's Army, or because he saw an opportunity to outflank King Edward's, The Duke of Somerset led at least part of his men via some of the "evil lanes" to attack King Edward's Left Flank.
Although taken by surprise, King Edward's men resisted stoutly, beating back The Duke of Somerset's attack among the hedges and banks. At the vital moment, the 200 Spear Men that King Edward had earlier posted in the woods, far out on The Left of The Battlefield, attacked The Duke of Somerset's forces from his own Right Flank and The Rear, as The Duke of Gloucester's forces also joined in the fighting.
Somerset's forces were routed, and his surviving Troops tried to escape across The River Severn. Most were cut down as they fled. The Long Meadow, leading down to The River, is known to this day as "Bloody Meadow". [23]
The Duke of Somerset galloped up to Baron Wenlock, commanding The Lancastrian Centre, and demanded to know why Wenlock had failed to support him. According to legend (recounted in Edward Hall's Chronicle, written several years afterwards, though from first-hand accounts), he did not wait for an answer, but dashed out Wenlock's brains with a Battle-Axe[24], before seeking Sanctuary in Tewkesbury Abbey.
Duke of Somerset, from The County of Somerset, is a Title that has been created five times in The Peerage of England. It is particularly associated with two families: The Beauforts, who held the Title from its creation in 1448, and The Seymours, from its creation in 1547, in whose name the Title is still held.
The present Dukedom is unique, in that the first holder of the Title created it for himself in his capacity of Lord Protector of The Kingdom of England, using a power granted in the Will of his nephew King Edward VI.
The only Subsidiary Title of The Duke of Somerset is Baron Seymour, which is used as a Courtesy Title by the eldest son and heir of the Duke. This Courtesy Title [Editor: Baron] is the lowest in Rank of all heirs to Dukedoms in The Peerages of The British Isles, yet the holder's Precedence is higher than his Title suggests, by virtue of The Seniority of The Dukedom of Somerset
(the only More Senior Non-Royal Duke is The Duke of Norfolk).
[Editor: The Duke of Norfolk is The Premier Duke in The Peerage of England, and, also, as Earl of Arundel, The Premier Earl. The Duke of Norfolk is, moreover, The Earl Marshal and Hereditary Marshal of England. The Seat of The Duke of Norfolk is Arundel Castle, in Sussex, although the Title refers to The County of Norfolk. The current Duke (in 2021) is Edward Fitzalan-Howard, 18th Duke of Norfolk. The Dukes have, historically, been Catholic, a state of affairs known as Recusancy in England. All past and present Dukes of Norfolk have been descended from Edward I (see Dukes of Norfolk Family Tree)].
Earl of Devon ☩.
Coat-of-Arms of The Earl of Devon.
Date: 3 May 2017.
Source: Own work.
File is Licensed under the
4.0 International Licence.
Author: TheDukeOfExeter
(Wikimedia Commons)
The Title of Earl of Devon was created several times in The English peerage, and was possessed first (after The Norman Conquest of 1066) by The “de Redvers” Family (alias “de Reviers”, “Revieres”, etc.), and, later, by The Courtenays.
It is not to be confused with the Title of Earl of Devonshire, held, together with the Title Duke of Devonshire, by The Cavendish Family of Chatsworth House, Derbyshire, although The Letters Patent for the creation of the latter Peerage used the same Latin words “Comes Devon(iæ)”.[1] It was a re-invention, if not an actual continuation, of the Pre-Conquest Office of Ealdorman of Devon.[2]
Baron Wenlock ☩.
Coat-of-Arms of The 1st Baron Wenlock.
Date: 21 September 2020.
Source: Own work.
File is Licensed under the
4.0 International Licence.
Artist: Thom.lanaud
(Wikipedia)
At The Battle of Tewkesbury on 4 May 1471, he commanded the middle
of The Lancastrian Line. However, The Lancastrians suffered a crushing defeat, and Wenlock died on The Battlefield. He was allegedly killed by his own Commander, The Duke of Somerset, who blamed Wenlock's indecisiveness for the defeat.[6]
The Duke of Somerset had led The Right Flank of The Lancastrian Line forward, and expected Wenlock to support him, but Wenlock held back (some suggest deliberately) and The Duke's men were slaughtered. After The Duke's Flank retreated, he either summoned Wenlock or rode to him, and supposedly killed him with a single blow to the head. [7] Some sources suggest that Wenlock was committed to the cause, but that Somerset had bungled the planned manoeuvre, coming out of the woods too early, and emerging in front of the enemy, instead of behind, thereby preventing Wenlock's men from shooting at them. [3]
John Wenlock, 1st Baron Wenlock KG (1400 – 4 May 1471) was an English Politician, Diplomat, Soldier, and Courtier. He fought on the sides of both The Yorkists and The Lancastrians in The Wars of The Roses.[1] He has been called "the Prince of Turncoats", [2] although some historians suggest the label may not be fair.[3] Others contend that, even when Wenlock was not actually changing sides, he was engaged in "fence sitting par excellence." [2]
Although Wenlock is often remembered for his military exploits
(he fought in six of the major Battles of The Wars of The Roses, as well as the Sieges of The Tower of London and Dunstanburgh Castle), most of his Public Service was in the Diplomatic Field, and contemporary accounts record him as being regarded as "very clever". [2]
Strength.
The House of York:
5,000 - 6,000.
The House of Lancaster:
6,000.
Casualties and Losses:
The House of York:
Unknown.
The House of Lancaster:
2,000.
Prince Edward of Westminster ☩ .
Edward of Westminster (13 October 1453 – 4 May 1471), also known as Edward of Lancaster, was the only son of King Henry VI of England and Margaret of Anjou. He was killed aged seventeen at The Battle of Tewkesbury, making him the only Heir Apparent to The English Throne to die in Battle.
The following Paragraph is from TUDOR BLOGGER
Edward of Westminster, Prince of Wales, was The Lancastrian Heir to The Throne. He was the only child of The Lancastrian King, Henry VI, and his wife, Margaret of Anjou. His father was overthrown in 1461 and Edward went into exile in Scotland and then France with his mother. He was the last Heir Apparent to die in Battle, when he was killed at The Battle of Tewkesbury in 1471, allegedly by the future King Richard III.
Fr. Finigan’s Sermon On The Feast Day Of The English And Welsh Martyrs Given On 4 May 2020.
Fr. Finigan gives a Sermon on
The Feast of The English and Welsh Martyrs
on 4 May 2020.
Available on YouTube at
Saint Stanislaus. Bishop And Martyr. Feast Day, Today, 7 May.
Text from The Saint Andrew Daily Missal,
unless stated otherwise.
Saint Stanislaus.
Bishop And Martyr.
Feast Day 7 May.
Double.
Red Vestments.
Saint Stanislaus.
Artist: Stanisław Samostrzelnik (1490–1541).
Date: 1530-1535.
Collection: National Library of Poland
Source/Photographer: Polona.pl
(Wikimedia Commons)
Saint Stanislaus, born in Poland, was made Bishop of Cracow in 1072. He became an object of hatred to King Boleslas II, whom he reproached for his tyranny and dissolute life.
One day, while the Saint was saying Mass, the King rushed at him and slew him (Collect). This was in 1079.
Saint Stanislaus is the Patron Saint of Poland.
Mass: Protexisti.
The State Flag and Civil Ensign of Poland.
Saint Stanislaus is The Patron Saint of Poland.
Illustration: WORLD FLAG DATABASE
The following Text is from Wikipedia - the free encyclopædia.
Stanislaus of Szczepanów, or Stanisław Szczepanowski, (26 July 1030 – 11 April 1079), was a Bishop of Kraków known chiefly for having been Martyred by the Polish King, Bolesław II The Bold.
Stanislaus is Venerated in The Roman Catholic Church as Saint Stanislaus The Martyr (as distinct from the 16th-Century Jesuit, Stanislaus Kostka).
According to Tradition, Stanisław was born at Szczepanów, a village in Lesser Poland, the only son of the noble and pious Wielisław and Bogna. He was educated at a Cathedral School in Gniezno (then the Capital of Poland) and later, according to different sources, in Paris or Liège. On his return to Poland, Stanisław was ordained a Priest by Lambert II Suła, Bishop of Kraków. He was subsequently made Pastor of Czembocz, near Cracow, Canon and Preacher at the Cathedral, and, later, Vicar-General.
After the Bishop's death (1072), Stanisław was Elected his successor, but accepted the Office only at the explicit command of Pope Alexander II. Stanisław was one of the earliest native Polish Bishops. He also became a Ducal Advisor and had some influence on Polish politics.
Stanisław's accomplishments included bringing Papal Legates to Poland, and the re-establishment of a Metropolitan See in Gniezno. The latter was a precondition for Duke Bolesław's Coronation as King, which took place in 1076. Stanisław then encouraged King Bolesław to establish Benedictine Monasteries to aid in the Christianisation of Poland.
Thursday, 6 May 2021
The Rogation Days. The Lesser Litanies. The Greater Litanies. Chestnut Sunday. The Litany Of The Saints.
Text from The Saint Andrew Daily Missal,
unless stated otherwise.
In 2021, “The Rogation Days” are:
Rogation Sunday (“Chestnut Sunday”), 9 May 2021.
“The Lesser Litanies”.
Rogation Monday, 10 May 2021.
Station: At Saint Mary Major;
Rogation Tuesday, 11 May 2021.
Station: At Saint John Lateran;
Rogation Wednesday, 12 May 2021.
Station: At Saint Peter's.
Indulgence of 30 Years and 30 Quarantines each day.
Violet Vestments.
The Rogation Days in 2021 are followed by
Ascension Day on Thursday, 13 May 2021.
The Ancient Custom of Blessing the Fields.
“Rogation Sunday”.
Hever, Kent, England.
Photo: 9 February 1967.
Source: From geograph.org.uk
Author: Ray Trevena
(Wikimedia Commons)
The Greater Litanies.
25 April.
The Station is at Saint Peter's.
Violet Vestments.
The Church Celebrates, on 25 April, two Solemnities, which have nothing in common: “The Greater Litanies”, so called on account of their Roman origin, and “The Feast of Saint Mark”, which is of later date. The word “Litany” means “Supplication”.
In ancient Rome, on 25 April, used to be celebrated the pagan feast of “Robigalia”. It consisted, principally, of a Procession, which, leaving the City by The Flaminian Gate, went to The Milvian Bridge and ended in a suburban Sanctuary situated on The Claudian Way.
There, a ewe was sacrificed in honour of a god or goddess of the name Robigo (god or goddess of frost). “The Greater Litany” was the substitution of a Christian, for a pagan, Ceremony. Its itinerary is known to us by a convocation of Saint Gregory the Great. It is, approximately, the same as that of the pagan Procession.
“Ember Days”
and
“Rogation Days”.
Sermon By: Fr Ripperger.
Available on YouTube at
All The Faithful in Rome betook themselves to the Church of Saint Laurence-in-Lucina, the nearest to The Flaminian Gate. Leaving by this Gate, the Procession made a Station at Saint Valentine's, crossed The Milvian Bridge, and branched off to the Left towards The Vatican.
After halting at a Cross, it entered The Basilica of Saint Peter for the Celebration of The Holy Mysteries.
This Litany is recited throughout The Church to keep away calamities, and to draw down The Blessing of God on the harvest. “Vouchsafe to grant us to preserve the fruits of the Earth, we Pray Thee, hear us”, is sung by the Procession through the Countryside.
The whole Mass shows what assiduous Prayer may obtain, when in the midst of our adversities (Collects, Offertory) we have recourse with confidence to Our Father in Heaven (Epistle, Gospel, Communion).
If The Feast of Saint Mark is Transferred, The Litanies are not Transferred, unless they fall on Easter Sunday. In which case, they are Transferred to the following Tuesday.
Procession.
See “The Litany Of The Saints”, Page 1888, The Saint Andrew Daily Missal, and “The Rogation Mass”, Page 673, The Saint Andrew Daily Missal (see, below).
“Rogation Days”.
Available on YouTube at
“The Lesser Litanies”.
In consequence of the public calamities that afflicted the Diocese of Vienne, Dauphiny, France, in the 5th-Century A.D., Saint Mamertus instituted a Solemn Penitential Procession on The Monday, Tuesday, and Wednesday, before Ascension Thursday.
Under an Order of The Council of Orleans, in 511 A.D., the Devotion spread to the rest of France. In 816 A.D., Pope Leo III introduced it in Rome and, soon after, it became a general observance throughout The Church.
“The Litany of The Saints”, and The Psalms and Collects sung in Procession, on these days, are Supplications; hence, the term “Rogations” is applied to them. The object of these Devotions is to appease The Anger of God and avert the scourges of His Justice, and to draw down The Blessings of God on the fruits of the Earth.
Violet is used as a token of Penance, and The Paschal Candle is left unlighted. “The Litany of The Saints”, consisting of ejaculations in the form of a dialogue, is an admirable manner of Prayer, which it should be our purpose to cultivate.
The Celebrant wears a Violet Stole and Violet Cope. All in the Choir stand as they sing the first Antiphon “Exsurge, Domine”.
Mass Of Rogation.
Stations:
Rogation Monday. At Saint Mary Major.
Rogation Tuesday. At Saint John Lateran.
Rogation Wednesday. At Saint Peter's.
Indulgence of 30 Years and 30 Quarantines each day.
Violet Vestments.
The Mass, throughout, points to the efficacy of The Prayer of The Just Man, when humble, sure, and persistent. Elias, by Prayer, closed and opened the heavens (Epistle), and Our Lord shows us by two Parables that God gives His Holy Spirit to whomever asks Him, because He is good (Gospel, Alleluia). In our afflictions, let us place our trust in God and He will hear our Prayers (Introit, Collect).
The following Mass is said during, or after, the Procession of both “The Greater Litanies” and “The Lesser Litanies”.
Mass of Rogation: Exaudivit de templo.
Gloria: Is not said.
Preface: Of Easter.
“Litany of The Saints”.
Available on YouTube at
“Litany Of The Saints”.
The “Litany Of The Saints” is used in connection with:
Holy Mass on “The Greater Litanies” (25 April);
“The Lesser Litanies”
(“Rogation Monday”) and
(“Rogation Tuesday”) and
(“Rogation Wednesday”)
(The Rogation Days)
immediately before Ascension Thursday;
Holy Saturday;
The Vigil of Pentecost;
Masses of Ordination, before the conferring of Major Orders.
On Saint Mark’s Day (25 April) and “Rogation Days”, if the Procession is held, the Litany is preceded by the Antiphon, “Exurge, Domine”, (Psalm XLIII. 26), and all Invocations are sung by the Cantors and repeated in full by the Choir [i.e., “Doubled”].
If the Procession cannot be held, the Invocations are not repeated.
On The Vigils of Easter and Pentecost, the Invocations marked with an asterisk (*) in The Missal are omitted; all the remaining Invocations are repeated, either there be a Font and a Procession from The Baptistry, or not.
At Masses of Ordination, only The First Five Invocations are repeated.
“Litany of The Saints”
at the Funeral of Pope Saint John Paul II.
Available on YouTube at
The following Text is from Wikipedia - the free encyclopædia.
Rogation Days are, in The Calendar of The Western Church, observed on 25 April (“The Major Rogation”) and the Monday, Tuesday, and Wednesday immediately preceding Ascension Thursday (“The Minor Rogations”).
The first Rogation, “The Greater Litanies”, has been compared to the ancient Roman religious festival of The Robigalia, a ritual involving prayer and sacrifice for crops held on 25 April. The first Rogation is also observed on 25 April, and a direct connection has sometimes been asserted, with the “Christian substitute” following the same processional route in Rome. If Easter falls on 24 April or on this day (the latest possible date for Easter), “The Rogations” are transferred to the following Tuesday.
The second set of “Rogation Days”, “The Lesser Litanies”, or, “Rogations”, introduced about 470 A.D. by Bishop Mamertus of Vienne, and eventually adopted elsewhere, are the three days (Rogation Monday, Rogation Tuesday and Rogation Wednesday) immediately before Ascension Thursday in The Christian Liturgical Calendar.
The word “Rogation” comes from the Latin verb “Rogare”, meaning “to ask”, and was applied to this time of The Liturgical Year because the Gospel Reading for the previous Sunday included the passage: “Ask, and ye shall receive” (Gospel of John 16:24).
The Sunday, itself, was often called Rogation Sunday, as a result, and marked the start of a three-week period (ending on Trinity Sunday), when Roman Catholic and Anglican Clergy did not Solemnise marriages (two other such periods of marital prohibition also formerly existed, one beginning on The First Sunday in Advent and continuing through The Octave of Epiphany, or 13 January, and the other running from Septuagesima until The Octave of Easter, the Sunday after Easter). In England, Rogation Sunday is called “Chestnut Sunday”.
The Faithful typically observed The Rogation Days by Fasting in preparation to Celebrate The Ascension, and farmers often had their crops Blessed by a Priest at this time. Violet Vestments are worn at The Rogation Litany and its associated Mass, regardless of what Colour Vestments were worn at the ordinary Liturgies of The Day.
A common feature of Rogation Days, in former times, was the Ceremony of “Beating The Bounds”, in which a Procession of Parishioners, led by The Minister, Churchwarden, and Choirboys, would proceed around the boundary of their Parish and Pray for its protection in the forthcoming year. This was also known as “Gang-Day”.
The reform of The Liturgical Calendar for Latin Roman Catholics, in 1969, delegated the establishment of Rogation Days, along with Ember Days, to The Episcopal Conferences. Their observance in The Latin Church subsequently declined, but the observance has revived somewhat, since 1988, (when Pope Saint John Paul II issued his Decree Ecclesia Dei Adflicta), and especially since 2007 (when Pope Benedict XVI issued his Motu Proprio, called “Summorum Pontificum”), when the use of older Rites was encouraged.
Churches of The Anglican Communion reformed their Liturgical Calendar in 1976, but continue to recognise The Three Days before Ascension Day as an Optional Observance.
Saint John Before The Latin Gate. San Giovanni A Porta Latina. Sancti Ioanne Ad Portam Latinam. Feast Day, Today, 6 May.
Text from The Saint Andrew Daily Missal,
unless stated otherwise.
Saint John Before The Latin Gate.
San Giovanni A Porta Latina.
Sancti Ioanne Ad Portam Latinam.
Feast Day 6 May.
Greater-Double.
Red Vestments.
English: Basilica of Saint John Before The Latin Gate, Rome.
Français: L'Église San Giovanni a Porta Latina, Rome.
Photo: July 2009.
Source: Own work.
Author: LPLT
(Wikimedia Commons)
The Emperor Domitian caused John to be brought to Rome and condemned him to be plunged into a cauldron of boiling oil.
But Saint John, by a striking miracle, came forth from this torment more healthy and vigorous than before. A Sanctuary was built on this spot near The Latin Gate and Dedicated to the Holy Apostle. There is held The Station on Passion Sunday.
Mass: Protexisti.
Creed: Is said.
Preface: Of The Apostles.
English: The Nave,
Saint John Before The Latin Gate, Rome.
Français: Nef de l'église San Giovanni a Porta Latina à Rome
Photo: July 2009.
Source: Own work.
Author: LPLT
(Wikimedia Commons)
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