Advent (Part Four)

Text taken from The Liturgical Year by Abbot Gueranger, O.S.B.

(Translated from the French by Dom Laurence Shepherd, O.S.B.)

Advent. Volume 1. St. Bonaventure Publications, www.libers.com

Originally published 1949.

Republished by St. Bonaventure Publications, July 2000.

Unless otherwise stated, Illustrations are taken from 
Una Voce of Orange County web-site at http://uvoc.org/, 

which reproduced them, with the kind permission of St. Bonaventure Press, from 

The Saint Andrew Daily Missal, 1952 Edition.




Saint Thomas, Apostle. 
Feast Day 21 December.
Double of the Second Class.
Red Vestments.

This much is certain, that, by degrees, the custom of Fasting so far fell into disuse, that when, in 1362, Pope Urban V endeavoured to prevent the total decay of the Advent penance, all he insisted upon was that all the Clerics of his court should keep Abstinence during Advent, without in any way including others, either Clergy or Laity, in this law.

Saint Charles Borromeo also strove to bring back his people of Milan to the spirit, if not to the letter, of ancient times. In his Fourth Council, he enjoins the Parish Priests to exhort the faithful to go to Communion on the Sundays, at least, of Lent and Advent; and afterwards addressed to the faithful themselves a Pastoral Letter, in which, after having reminded them of the dispositions wherewith they ought to spend this holy time, he strongly urges them to Fast on the Mondays, Wednesdays, and Fridays, at least, of each week in Advent.

Finally, Pope Benedict XIV, when Archbishop of Bologna, following these illustrious examples, wrote his eleventh Ecclesiastical Institution for the purpose of exciting in the minds of his diocesans the exalted idea which the Christians of former times had of the holy season of Advent, and of removing an erroneous opinion which prevailed in those parts, namely, that Advent concerned Religious only and not the Laity.

Saint John, Apostle and Evangelist.

Feast Day 27 December.

Station at Saint Mary Major.

(Indulgence of 30 years and 30 Quarantines)

Double of the Second Class with Simple Octave.

White Vestments.

He shows them that such an opinion, unless it be limited to the two practices of Fasting and Abstinence, is, strictly speaking, rash and scandalous, since it cannot be denied that, in the laws and usages of the universal Church, there exist special practices, having for their end to prepare the faithful for the great Feast of the birth of Jesus Christ.

The Greek Church still continues to observe the Fast of Advent, though with much less rigour that that of Lent. It consists of forty days, beginning with 14 November, the day on which this Church keeps the Feast of the Apostle, Saint Philip. During this entire period, the people abstain from flesh-meat, butter, milk, and eggs; but they are allowed, which they are not during Lent, fish, oil, and wind.

Fasting, in its strict sense, is binding only on seven out of the forty days; and the whole period goes under the name of Saint Philip's Lent. The Greeks justify these relaxations by this distinction: That the Lent before Christmas is, so they say, only an institution of the monks, whereas the Lent before Easter is of Apostolic institution.

The Saint Andrew Daily Missal is obtainable from Carmel Books, Blackford House, Andover Road, Highclere, Newbury, Berkshire, England RG20 9PF. Tel: (01635 255340).
E-Mail: enquiries.carmelbooks@gmail.com

PART FIVE FOLLOWS

New "Personalised Entrance" For Mulier Fortis's Kitties

Mulier Fortis recently Posted that her Kitties, Cardinal Furretti and Monsignor Miaowrini, have had a new "Personalised Entrance" built for them by the Senior MC at Blackfen, Kent, England.

CLICK HERE TO SEE THE STORY, ENTITLED "STEPPING OUT IN STYLE".

I did think that the initial pencil-sketch of the "Personalised Entrance"  (see, below) was a bit, well, how can I say. . .

over the top ?

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Canterbury Cathedral (Part One)

Text and Illustrations from Wikipedia - the free encyclopaedia,

unless otherwise stated.

Canterbury Cathedral: West Front, Nave and Central Tower.

Seen from the South. Image assembled from 4 photos.

Photo: September 2005.

Source: Picture taken and post-processed by Hans Musil.

Author: Hans Musil.

Permission: Author is copyright owner.

(Wikimedia Commons)

Canterbury Cathedral in Canterbury, Kent, is one of the oldest and most famous Christian structures in England and forms part of a World Heritage Site. It is the Cathedral of the Archbishop of Canterbury, leader of the Church of England and symbolic leader of the worldwide Anglican Communion. Its formal title is the Cathedral and Metropolitical Church of Christ at Canterbury.

Founded in 597 A.D., the Cathedral was completely rebuilt 1070-77. The East End was greatly enlarged at the beginning of the 12th-Century, and largely rebuilt in the Gothic Style following a fire in 1174. The Norman Nave and Transepts survived until the late-14th-Century, when they were demolished to make way for the present structures.

Canterbury Cathdral's 12th-Century Choir.

This photo was taken by Nina-no.

Please credit this photo Nina Aldin Thune in the immediate vicinity of the image.

Distribution: Creative Commons

Kunsthistorie.com Farmasihistorie.com

(Wikimedia Commons)

The Cathedral's first Archbishop was Augustine of Canterbury, previously abbot of St. Andrew's Benedictine Abbey in Rome. He was sent by Pope Gregory the Great in 596 A.D., as a missionary to the Anglo-Saxons. Augustine founded the Cathedral in 597 A.D., and dedicated it to Jesus Christ, the Holy Saviour.

Augustine also founded the Abbey of St. Peter and Paul outside the city walls. This was later re-dedicated to St. Augustine, himself, and was for many centuries the burial place of the successive Archbishops. The Abbey is part of the World Heritage Site of Canterbury, along with the Cathedral and the ancient Church of St. Martin.

Anglo-Saxon Cathedral

Bede recorded that Augustine re-used a former Roman Church. The oldest remains found during excavations beneath the present Nave in 1993 were, however, parts of the foundations of an Anglo-Saxon building, which had been constructed across a Roman road. They indicate that the original Church consisted of a Nave, possibly with a Narthex, and Side-Chapels to the North and South. A smaller subsidiary building was found to the South-West of these foundations.

Fulk de Cantelupe and Henry de Cornhill, Sheriff of Kent, are sent by King John 

to expel the monks from Christchurch, Canterbury.

Engraving: 1864.

Source: Doyle, James William Edmund (1864) 

"John " in A Chronicle of England: B.C. 55 – A.D. 1485, 

London: Longman, Green, Longman, Roberts & Green, pp. p. 215 

Retrieved on 12 November 2010.

Artist: James William Edmund Doyle (1822–92).

Engraver: Edmund Evans (1826 - 1905).

(Wikimedia Commons)

During the 9th- or 10th-Century, this Church was replaced by a larger structure (49 metres by 23 metres) with a squared West End. It appears to have had a square Central Tower. The 11th-Century chronicler,  Eadmer, who had known the Saxon Cathedral as a boy, wrote that, in its arrangement, it resembled St Peter's in Rome, indicating that it was of Basilican form, with an Eastern Apse.

During the reforms of Archbishop St. Dunstan (circa 909 A.D. - 988 A.D.), a Benedictine Abbey, named Christ Church Priory, was added to the Cathedral. But the formal establishment as a Monastery seems to date to circa 997 A.D., and the community only became fully monastic from Lanfranc's time onwards (with monastic constitutions addressed by him to Prior Henry). St. Dunstan was buried on the South side of the High Altar.

The Screen, leading to the Choir, 

Canterbury Cathedral, England.

Photo: April 2011.

Source: Own work.

Author: Mattana.

(Wikimedia Commons)

The Cathedral was badly damaged during Danish raids on Canterbury in 1011. The Archbishop, Alphege, was held hostage by the raiders and eventually killed at Greenwich, London, on 19 April 1012, the first of Canterbury's five martyred Archbishops. After this, Lyfing (1013–1020) and Aethelnoth (1020–1038) added a Western Apse as an Oratory of St. Mary.

The 1993 excavations revealed that the Apse was polygonal and flanked by hexagonal towers, forming a westwork. It housed the Archbishop's throne, with an altar of St Mary just to the East. The arcade walls were strengthened and towers added to the Eastern corners at around the time the westwork was built.


PART TWO FOLLOWS

Advent (Part Three)

Text taken from The Liturgical Year by Abbot Gueranger, O.S.B.

(Translated from the French by Dom Laurence Shepherd, O.S.B.)

Advent. Volume 1. St. Bonaventure Publications, www.libers.com

Originally published 1949.

Republished by St. Bonaventure Publications, July 2000.

Unless otherwise stated, Illustrations are taken from 
Una Voce of Orange County web-site at http://uvoc.org/, 

which reproduced them, with the kind permission of St. Bonaventure Press, from 

The Saint Andrew Daily Missal, 1952 Edition.

Receive, O merciful Father, these holy Sacrifices (Te igitur)

The obligation of observing this Lent, which, though introduced so imperceptibly, had by degrees acquired the force of a sacred law, began to be relaxed, and the forty days from Saint Martin's Day to Christmas were reduced to four weeks.

We have seen that this Fast began to be observed first in France; but thence it spread into England, as we find from Venerable Bede's history; into Italy, as appears from a diploma of Astolphus, King of the Lombards, dated 753 A.D; into Germany, Spain, etc, of which the proofs may be seen in the learned work of Dom Martene, On the ancient rites of the Church.

The first allusion to Advent's being reduced to four weeks is to be found in the 9th-Century, in a Letter of Pope Saint Nicholas I to the Bulgarians. The testimony of Ratherius of Verona, and of Abbo of Fleury, both writers of the 10th-Century, goes also to prove that, even then, the question of reducing the duration of the Advent Fast by one-third was seriously entertained.

Holy Family, Magi, and Shepherds

It is true that Saint Peter Damian, in the 11th-Century, speaks of the Advent Fast as still being for forty days; and that Saint Louis, two centuries later,  kept it for that length of time; but as far as this holy king is concerned, it is probable that it was only his own devotion which prompted him to this practice.

The discipline of the Churches of the West, after having reduced the time of the Advent Fast, so far relented, in a few years, as to change the Fast into a simple abstinence; and we even find Councils of the 12th-Century, for instance Selingstadt in 1122, and Avranches in 1172, which seem to require only the Clergy to observe this abstinence.

The Council of Salisbury, held in 1281, would seem to expect none but monks to keep it. On the other hand (for the whole subject is very confused, owing, no doubt, to there never having been any uniformity of discipline regarding it in the Western Church), we find Pope Innocent III, in his Letter to the Bishop of Braga, mentioning the custom of Fasting during the whole of Advent, as being at that time observed in Rome; and Durandus, in the same 13th-Century, in his Rational on the Divine Offices, tells us that, in France, Fasting was uninterruptedly observed during the whole of that holy time.

PART FOUR FOLLOWS

EU being silly, again. God preserve us. Literally.

Taken from the Blog, Catholicism Pure & Simple, which can be found at
http://catholicismpure.wordpress.com/

Silly EU-Censorship – European Commission advised National Bank of Slovakia to remove Christian cross and aureoles from Slovakian 2-Euro coin.

Slovakian 2-Euro coin is showing Saint Cyril and Methodius – two Christian Saints and cross which is also the coat of arms of Slovakia.

Slovakia, responding to requests from some fellow eurozone countries, has removed the halos from a €2 coin commemorating the 1,150th anniversary of the arrival of Saints Cyril and Methodius in Moravia.

Slovakia, a eurozone member since 2009, will start circulating the coin next year to mark the arrival of Saints Cyril and Methodius to Great Moravia and Panonia, which was part of modern Slovakia.

Eurozone countries are allowed to mint commemorative coins once every year under EU rules. The image on the back of the commemorative coin, however, must be accepted by the remaining eurozone members and the European Commission.

Cyril and Methodius were brothers, born in Thessaloniki at the beginning of the 9th century, who created the Glagolitic and then the Cyrillic alphabets with the aim to have the Bible and other texts translated into Slavic languages.

Cyril died in 869 A.D., and Methodius in 885 A.D. They were soon canonised as Saints, with Saints Cyril and Methodius Day being celebrated on 24 May to mark the anniversary of Cyril’s death (see background).

Coat of Arms of Slovakian Republic

Cyril and Methodius were also declared patrons of Europe in 1980 by Pope John Paul II. In Bulgaria, the only EU country at present to use the Cyrillic alphabet, 24 May is a public holiday, called “Bulgarian Education and Culture, and Slavonic Literature Day”.

And no religion?

Slovakia agreed to remove the halo despite Cyril and Methodius’ undisputed status as saints.

“Under EU rules, when designing the national side of a euro coin, Member States are required to take into account that the coins will circulate throughout the whole eurozone, and in that context, proposed designs are shared in advance with other Member States so that they can provide any comments they deem appropriate,” the Commission said in a statement.

The Commission acknowledged that some members states objected to the coin, adding that Slovakia submitted a slightly amended design, “which has now been approved by the [EU] Council of Ministers.”

If the motivation of the unnamed member states was to remove religious symbols from the design, they did not entirely succeed. Cyril and Methodius hold a Christian double cross, standing on the middle peak of a mountain with three peaks.

The double cross and the three peaks are the main elements of the coat of arms of Slovakia and feature on the regular Slovak euro coins.

The revamped design has been met with unease by the Bulgarian press. During Communism, painters and sculptors were requested by the authorities to portray Cyril and Methodius without sanctity halos.

Advent (Part Two)

Text taken from The Liturgical Year by Abbot Gueranger, O.S.B.

(Translated from the French by Dom Laurence Shepherd, O.S.B.)

Advent. Volume 1. St. Bonaventure Publications, www.libers.com

Originally published 1949.

Republished by St. Bonaventure Publications, July 2000.

Unless otherwise stated, Illustrations are taken from 
Una Voce of Orange County web-site at http://uvoc.org/, 

which reproduced them, with the kind permission of St. Bonaventure Press, from 

The Saint Andrew Daily Missal, 1952 Edition.

I am the voice of one crying in the wilderness, make straight the way of the Lord.

Saint Ivo of Chartres, Saint Bernard of Clairvaux, and several other Doctors of the 11th- and 12-Centuries, have left us Set Sermons de Adventu Domini, quite distinct from their Sunday Homilies on the Gospels of that Season.

In the capitularia of Charles the Bald, in 846 A.D., the Bishops admonish that Prince not to call them away from their Churches during Lent or Advent, under pretext of affairs of State or the necessities of war, seeing that they have special duties to fulfil, and particularly that of preaching during those sacred times.

The oldest document in which we find the length and exercises of Advent mentioned with anything like clearness, is a passage in the second book of the History of the Franks, by Saint Gregory of Tours, where he says that Saint Perpetuus, one of his predecessors, who held that See about the year 480 A.D., had decreed a Fast three times a week, from the Feast of Saint Martin until Christmas. It would be impossible to decide whether Saint Perpetuus, by his regulations, established a new custom, or merely enforced an already existing law. Let us, however, note this interval of forty, or rather forty-three, days, so expressly mentioned, and consecrated to penance, as though it were a second Lent, though less strict and severe than that which precedes Easter.

John preaching the Baptism of Penance.

Later on, we find the Ninth Canon of the First Council of Macon, held in 582 A.D., ordaining that during the same interval between Saint Martin's Day and Christmas, the Mondays, Wednesdays, and Fridays, should be Fasting Days, and that the Sacrifice should be celebrated according to the Lenten Rite.

Not many years before that, namely in 567 A.D., the Second Council of Tours had enjoined the monks to Fast from the beginning of December till Christmas. This practice of penance soon extended to the whole forty days, even for the laity; and it was commonly called Saint Martin's Lent.

The capitularia of Charlemagne, in the sixth book, leave us no doubt on the matter; and Rabanus Maurus, in the second book of his Institution of clerics, bears testimony to this observance. There were even special rejoicings made on Saint Martin's Feast, just as we see them practised now at the approach of Lent and Easter.

The Saint Andrew Daily Missal is obtainable from Carmel Books, Blackford House, Andover Road, Highclere, Newbury, Berkshire, England RG20 9PF. Tel: (01635 255340).
E-Mail: enquiries.carmelbooks@gmail.com

PART THREE FOLLOWS

Advent (Part One)

Text taken from The Liturgical Year by Abbot Gueranger, O.S.B.

(Translated from the French by Dom Laurence Shepherd, O.S.B.)

Advent. Volume 1. St. Bonaventure Publications, www.libers.com

Originally published 1949.

Republished by St. Bonaventure Publications, July 2000.

Illustrations taken from Una Voce of Orange County web-site at http://uvoc.org/, 

which reproduced them, with the kind permission of St. Bonaventure Press, from 

The Saint Andrew Daily Missal, 1952 Edition.

"See the fig tree and all the trees; when they now shoot forth their fruit, 

you know that Summer is nigh; 

so you, also, when you shall see these things come to pass, 

know that the Kingdom of God is at hand."

CHAPTER THE FIRST

The History of Advent

The name, Advent, (from the Latin word, Adventus, which signifies a coming) is applied, in the Latin Church, to that period of the year during which the Church requires the faithful to prepare for the celebration of the Feast of Christmas, the anniversary of the birth of Jesus Christ.

The mystery of that great day had every right to the honour of being prepared for by prayer and works of penance; and, in fact, it is impossible to state, with any certainty, when this season of preparation (which had long been observed before receiving its present name of Advent) was first instituted.

It would seem, however, that its observance first began in the West, since it is evident that Advent could not have been looked on as a preparation for the Feast of Christmas, until that Feast was definitively fixed to the 25th of December; which was done in the East only towards the close of the 4th-Century; whereas it is certain that the Church of Rome kept the Feast on that day at a much earlier period.

John sent two of his disciples to Christ.

We must look upon Advent in two different lights: First, as a time of preparation, properly so called, for the birth of our Saviour, by works of penance; and, secondly, as a series of ecclesiastical Offices drawn up for the same purpose.

We find, as far back as the 5th-Century, the custom of giving exhortations to the people in order to prepare them for the Feast of Christmas. We have two sermons of Saint Maximus of Turin on this subject, not to speak of several others which were formerly attributed to Saint Ambrose and Saint Augustine, but which were probably written by Saint Cesarius of Arles.

If these documents do not tell us what was the duration and what the exercises of this holy season, they at least show us how ancient was the practice of distinguishing the time of Advent by special sermons.

The Saint Andrew Daily Missal is obtainable from Carmel Books, Blackford House, Andover Road, Highclere, Newbury, Berkshire, England RG20 9PF. Tel: (01635 255340).
E-Mail: enquiries.carmelbooks@gmail.com

PART TWO FOLLOWS

Cologne Cathedral (Part Five)

Text and Illustrations from Wikipedia - the free encyclopaedia,
unless otherwise stated.

Deutsch: Kölner Dom, Innenraum, um 1900.

English: The Cathedral interior, Cologne, the Rhine, Germany, 1890-1900.

Photo: Between 1890 and 1905.

Source: Original image: Photochrom print (colour photo lithograph). 

Reproduction number: LC-DIG-ppmsca-00809 from Library of Congress, 

Prints and Photographs Division, Photochrom Prints Collection.

This image is available from the United States Library of Congress's Prints and Photographs division under the digital ID ppmsca.00809.

This tag does not indicate the copyright status of the attached work. A normal copyright tag is still required. See Commons:Licensing for more information.

(Wikimedia Commons)

The main entrance of Cologne Cathedral.

Photo: September 2005 (original upload date).

Source: Originally from en.wikipedia; description page is/was here.

Author: Yavor Doychinov. Original uploader was Yoceto at en.wikipedia

Licensed under the GFDL by the author; 

Released under the GNU Free Documentation License.

(Wikimedia Commons)

Cologne Cathedral. Panoramic View of Interior

Collection: A. D. White Architectural Photographs, Cornell University Library 

Accession Number: 15/5/3090.01537

Photograph date: circa 1865 - circa 1885 Persistent 

URI: http://library24.library.cornell.edu/collections/adw/77480-10160016.html

Photo: January 1865.

Source: Originally posted to Flickr as Cologne Cathedral. Panoramic View of Interior

Author: Source: Cornell University Library

Permission: This image, which was originally posted to Flickr.com, was uploaded to Commons using Flickr upload bot on 18:40, 23 June 2009 (UTC) by AndreasPraefcke. 

On that date it was licensed under the license below.

This file is licensed under the Creative Commons Attribution 2.0 Generic license.

Bells

The Cathedral has eleven Church bells, four of which are mediaeval. The first was the 3.8-ton Dreikönigsglocke ("Bell of the Three Kings"), cast in 1418, installed in 1437, and re-cast in 1880. Two of the other bells, the Pretiosa (10.5 tons; at that time the largest bell in the Western world) and the Speciosa (5.6 tons) were installed in 1448 and remain in place today.

During the 19th-Century, as the building neared completion, there was a desire to extend the number of bells. This was facilitated by Kaiser Wilhelm I, who gave French bronze cannon, captured in 1870–71, for this purpose. 

Copy of the finials in the Town Square 

(same size as the two atop the Cathedral).

Photo: August 2012.

Source: Own work.

Author: Martinevans123

The 22 pieces of artillery were displayed outside the Cathedral on 11 May 1872. Andreas Hamm, in Frankenthal, used them to cast a bell of over 27,000 kilos on 19 August 1873. The tone was not harmonious and another attempt was made on 13 November 1873. The Central Cathedral Association, which had agreed to take over the costs, did not want this bell either. Another attempt took place on 3 October 1874. The colossal bell was shipped to Cologne and on 13 May 1875, installed in the Cathedral. This Kaiserglocke was eventually dismantled in 1918 to support the German war effort.

The 24-ton St. Petersglocke ("Bell of St. Peter", "Dicke Pitter" in the Kölsch dialect), was cast in 1922 and is the largest free-swinging bell in the world.

"Peterglocke", Cologne Cathedral Bell.

Photo: December 2003.

Author: Randal J.

Permission: CC-BY-SA.

(Wikimedia Commons)

Bells of the ridge turret:

Consecration Bell – 0.425 tons (Wandlungsglocke)
Vespers Bell – 0.28 tons (Mettglocke)
Angelus Bell – 0.763 tons (Angelusglocke)


Bells of the Main Bell Cage in the South Spire:

Hail Bell – 0.83 tons (Aveglocke)
Chapter Bell – 1.4 tons (Kapitelsglocke)
St Joseph's Bell – 2.2 tons (Josephglocke)
St Ursula's Bell – 2.55 tons (Ursulaglocke)
Bell of the Three Kings – 3.8 tons (Dreikönigsglocke)
Pretiosa – 10.5 tons
Speciosa – 5.6 tons
St Peter's Bell – 24 tons (St. Petersglocke)

View from inside the right tower, Cologne Cathedral.

Photo: June 2007.

Source: Own work.

Author: Ziko.

(Wikimedia Commons)

Church music

Cologne Cathedral has two pipe organs by Klais Orgelbau: The Transept Organ, built in 1948, and The Nave Organ, built in 1998. 

Cathedral organists have included Josef Zimmermann, Clemens Ganz (1985–2001) and Winfried Bönig (2001).

Statue of the Blessed Virgin Mary on the central jamb of the main door.

Photo: May 2007.

Source: Own work.

Author: Mathias Bigge.

(Wikimedia Commons)

THIS CONCLUDES THE ARTICLE ON COLOGNE CATHEDRAL

Cologne Cathedral (Part Four)

Text and Illustrations from Wikipedia - the free encyclopaedia,
unless otherwise stated.

Deutsch: Kölner Dom

English: The Rayonnant Gothic Choir and Apse of Cologne Cathedral

Source: Own work.

Author: Pascal Reusch

(Wikimedia Commons)

The design of Cologne Cathedral was based quite closely on that of Amiens Cathedral, in terms of ground plan, style and the width-to-height proportion of the Central Nave. The plan is in the shape of a Latin Cross, as is usual with Gothic Cathedrals. It has two Aisles on either side, which help to support one of the highest Gothic Vaults in the world, being nearly as tall as that of Beauvais Cathedral.

English: King Louis I of Bavaria, 
who donated a set of stained-glass windows to Cologne Cathedral (see, below).

Latina: Ludovicus I., Rex von Bavariae.

Boarisch: Da Kine Ludwig I. af an Buidl vo 1826.

Deutsch: 1825: Ludwig I. von Bayern. Ludwig I., König von Bayern, 

Gemälde von Joseph Karl Stieler.

Ελληνικά: Ο Λούις Α' Βασιλιάς της Βαβαρίας

Italiano: Luigi I di Baviera.

Français : Louis I de Bavière par Joseph Karl Stieler, 1826.

Polski: LouisI.jpg.
Current location: Neue Pinakothek.
Artist: Joseph Karl Stieler (1781–1858).
(Wikimedia Commons)

Externally, the outward thrust of the Vault is taken up by Flying Buttresses in the French manner. The East End has a single Ambulatory, the second Aisle resolving into a Chevet of seven radiating Chapels.

Internally, the Mediaeval Choir is more varied and less mechanical in its details than the 19th-Century building. It presents a French-style arrangement of very tall Arcade and a delicate, narrow, Triforium gallery,  lit by windows and with detailed tracery merging with that of the windows above.

A set of five stained glass windows, given to the Cathedral by King Ludwig I of Bavaria.

Deutsch: Kölner Dom - Bayernfenster, mittleres Vollfenster: Beweinungsfenster, 

rechts: Anbetungsfenster.

Source: http://www.sxc.hu/photo/341541

Author: a.stafiniak.

(Wikimedia Commons)

The Clerestory windows are tall and retain some old figurative glass in the lower sections. The whole is united by the tall shafts which sweep unbroken from the floor to their capitals at the spring of the Vault. The Vault is of plain quadripartite arrangement.

The Choir retains a great many of its original fittings, including the carved Stalls, which is made the more surprising by the fact that French Revolutionary troops had desecrated the building. A large stone statue of St Christopher looks down towards the place where the earlier entrance to the Cathedral was, before its completion in the late-19th-Century.

The Nave has many 19th-Century stained glass windows including a set of five on the South side, called the "Bayernfenster", which were a gift from Ludwig I of Bavaria, a set highly representative of the German style of that date.

Deutsch: Kölner Dom - Blick vom südlichen Obergaden 

in den Obergaden des nördlichen Chorraumes.

The arcade, gallery and clerestory of the East End 

showing details of tracery and painted angels on the spandrels.

Photo: January 2007.

Source: Own work.

Author: Raymond - Spekking.

Attribution: © Raimond Spekking / CC-BY-SA-3.0

(Wikimedia Commons)

Externally, particularly from a distance, the building is dominated by its huge Spires, which are entirely Germanic in character, being openwork, like those of Ulm, Vienna and Regensburg Cathedrals.

One of the treasures of the Cathedral is the High Altar, which was installed in 1322. It is constructed of black marble, with a solid slab 15 feet (4.6 m) long forming the top. The front and sides are overlaid with white marble niches into which are set figures, with the Coronation of the Virgin at the centre.

The most celebrated work of art in the Cathedral is the Shrine of the Three Kings, commissioned by Philip von Heinsberg, Archbishop of Cologne from 1167 to 1191 and created by Nicholas of Verdun and begun in 1190. It is traditionally believed to hold the remains of the Three Wise Men, whose relics were acquired by Frederick Barbarossa at the conquest of Milan in 1164.

English: The Gothic Cologne Cathedral in Cologne, Germany.

Deutsch: Kölner Dom bei Nacht in der Stadt Köln

Italiano: Il Duomo di Colonia di notte.

Русский: Кёльнский собор ночью (Кёльн, Германия)

עברית: he:קתדרלת קלן הגותית

Photo: January 2006.

Source: Own work, upload to de.wikipedia 17. Mai 2006 by Robert Breuer.

Author: Robert Breuer.

(Wikimedia Commons)

The Shrine takes the form a large reliquary, in the shape of a Basilican Church, made of bronze and silver, gilded and ornamented with architectonic details, figurative sculpture, enamels and gemstones. The Shrine was opened in 1864 and was found to contain bones and garments.

Near the Sacristy, is the Gero-Kreuz, a large Crucifix, carved in oak and with traces of paint and gilding. Believed to have been commissioned around 960 A.D. for Archbishop Gero, it is the oldest large Crucifix North of the Alps and the earliest-known large free-standing Northern sculpture of the Mediaeval period.

In the Sacrament Chapel, is the Mailänder Madonna ("Milan Madonna"), dating from around 1290, a wooden sculpture depicting the Blessed Virgin Mary and the infant Jesus. The Altar of the Patron Saints of Cologne, with an Altar-piece by the International Gothic painter, Stephan Lochner, is in the Marienkapelle ("St. Mary's Chapel"). Other works of art are to be found in the Cathedral Treasury. The Altar also houses the relics of Saint Irmgardis.

PART FIVE FOLLOWS

Christmas Day Usus Antiquior Mass at English Martyrs' Church, York, 0830 hrs.

The following Notice is taken from the Latin Mass Society RC Diocese of Middlesbrough Blog at

http://latinmassmiddlesbrough.blogspot.co.uk/2012/11/christmas-day-mass-in-extraordinary.html

Christmas Day Mass in the Extraordinary Form

at English Martyrs' Church, Dalton Terrace, York YO24 4DA, 08.30 hrs.

FR DAVID SMITH WILL CELEBRATE LOW MASS (DAWN MASS OF CHRISTMAS DAY).

This is a wonderful opportunity to celebrate the Feast of the Nativity with an Extraordinary Form Mass. Please publicise this widely. A good turnout would be fantastic.

The following Illustration is taken from the Middlesbrough Diocese Blog at 

http://middlesbrough-diocese.org.uk/parishes/english-martyrs-york

The following Text is taken from the Parish of The English Martyrs, York, web-site at

http://www.englishmartyrsyork.org.uk/wiki/Parish_of_the_English_Martyrs,_York

The Church of English Martyrs, York.

Dalton Terrace, York YO24 4DA.

Tel: 01904 623783.

Website: englishmartyrsyork.org.uk

We welcome visitors. Welcome to our Church. We hope you enjoy your visit to York.

 

Serdecznie witamy gości. Witamy w naszym kościele. Mamy nadzieję ,że miło spędzacie czas w Yorku. 

Herzlich willkommen in unserer Kirche. Wir hoffen, daß Sie Ihren Besuch in York genießen.

Bienvenue à notre eglise! Nous vous souhaitons un séjour agréable à York.

Benvenuti alla nostra chiesa. Speriamo che vi divertite a York.

Welkom in onze kerk. We hopen dat uw bezoek aan York u bevalt.

Bienvenidos a nuestra iglesia! Esperamos que dizfruten su visita a York.

Clergy
Rev. John Bane.

Service Times.

Masses

Sunday: 

Saturday evening 6.30 pm, 

Sunday 10.30 am.

Holy Days:

9.30 am,

6 pm.

Weekdays:
Monday: 7 pm,
Tuesday: 10 am,
Wednesday: 2 pm,
Thursday: 7 pm,
Friday: 10 am.

Confessions:
Saturday 5.45 pm - 6.15 pm, 

Monday & Thursday 6.20 pm - 6.40 pm.

Adoration of the Blessed Sacrament:

Monday & Thursday 6 pm-7 pm.

18 November - The Dedication of the Basilicas of the Holy Apostles Peter and Paul

Text and Illustrations taken from The Saint Andrew Daily Missal, 
unless otherwise stated.

The Saint Andrew Daily Missal is obtainable from Carmel Books, Blackford House, Andover Road, Highclere, Newbury, Berkshire, England RG20 9PF. Tel: (01635 255340).
E-Mail: enquiries.carmelbooks@gmail.com

Illustrations and captions, within The Saint Andrew Daily Missal, 1952 Edition, are taken from Una Voce of Orange County web-site at http://uvoc.org/, which reproduces them with the kind permission of St. Bonaventure Press.

Greater-Double.
White Vestments.

Interior of St. Peter's Basilica, Rome,
by Giovanni Paolo Pannini (1731).
Current location: Saint Louis Art Museum.
(Wikimedia Commons)

Italiano: Statua di San Paolo di fronte alla facciata della 

Basilica di San Paolo fuori le Mura a Roma.
Basilica of Saint Paul's-without-the-Walls, Rome.
Photo: May 2007.
Source: Own work.
Author: Berthold Werner.

 (Wikimedia Commons)

After having celebrated, on 5 August, the Dedication of Saint Mary of the Snow (better known under the name of Saint Mary Major) at Rome, and that of Saint Michael on 29 September, and that of Saint John Lateran on 9 November, and, in some Dioceses, a common Dedication Feast of all the consecrated Churches, the Church today celebrates that of the Basilicas of Saint Peter and Saint Paul at Rome.

Thus, are all these anniversaries solemnised in the season after Pentecost, a time when we give all our thoughts to the Church and to the Saints, of whom our Temples are the living image.

The Basilica of Saint Peter, on the Vatican, and that of Saint Paul-without-the-Walls, both erected by Emperor Constantine on the sites of their martyrdom, are hardly inferior, owing to their origin and importance, to the Basilica of Saint John Lateran. They were also consecrated by Saint Sylvester on 18 November.

English: St. Peter's Basilica seen from the River Tiber. 

Magyar: Vatikánváros látképe.

Italiano: Veduta del Vaticano dal Tevere.

Photo: January 2005.

Source: Flickr

Author: Sébastien Bertrand from Paris, France

Reviewer: Andre Engels.

(Wikimedia Commons)

The Church of Saint Peter is on the site of the Circus of Nero, and, under its High Altar, lie the sacred remains of the Head of the Apostles, making it, with Saint John Lateran, the centre of the whole Christian world.

Here is always held the Station of the Saturday in Ember Week, when Holy Orders are conferred; here, also, are held the Stations of the Third Sunday in Advent, and of The Epiphany, and of Passion Sunday, and of Easter Monday, and of Ascension Day, and of Pentecost, and of the Litanies of Saint Mark, and of Rogation Wednesday.

Lastly, it is here that Mass is solemnly sung on the Feast of The Holy Apostles, Peter and Paul, on 29 June, and on the Feasts of the Chair of Saint Peter at Rome, 18 January, and of the Chair of Saint Peter at Antioch, 22 February.

English: Basilica of Saint Paul-without-the-Walls, Vatican, Italy. 

With its length of 432 feet, this Basilica ranks 11th among the largest Churches in the world.

Français : Basilique Saint-Paul-hors-les-Murs, Vatican, située à Rome, Latium, Italie. 

Avec sa longueur de 131,66 mètres, cette Basilique se classe au 11è rang 

parmi les plus grandes églises au monde.

Photo: September 2010.

Source: Own work.

Author: Tango7174.

(Wikimedia Commons)

This Church, already remarkable in the 4th-Century, was enlarged at a later date and completely rebuilt in the 16th-Century, when it was falling into decay. Pope Julian II and Pope Leo X had recourse to the greatest artists of the age and the combined plans of Bramante and Michael Angelo (sic) raised over the tomb of Saint Peter the greatest and richest Church in the world, which Pope Urban VIII consecrated on 18 November 1626.

The Basilica of Saint Paul, situated on the other side of Rome, was also built in the 4th-Century over the tomb of the Apostle of the Gentiles. On account of the distance, it was only used for the Station four times a year: On the Feast of Holy Innocents; on Sexagesima Sunday; on the Wednesday of the fourth week in Lent or day of the greatest scrutiny; and on Easter Tuesday. Mass is solemnly celebrated there on the day of the Commemoration of Saint Paul, 30 June, and on the day of his Conversion, 25 January.

Having been destroyed by fire in 1823, the Church was rebuilt by Pope Gregory XVI and Pope Pius IX, and consecrated by the latter on 10 December 1854. He maintained, however, today's Feast, joining the anniversary of the two Dedications under the original date of 18 November.

MASS: Terribilis. Page 1704. The Saint Andrew Daily Missal.

Proper Clerical Dress Code

Pope Pius XII.

Image: Google Images.

The following Article can be found on the Blog of The Latin Mass Society RC Diocese of Middlesbrough at http://latinmassmiddlesbrough.blogspot.co.uk


Clerical Dress

According to Andrea Tornielli, an observer of all that goes on in the Vatican, Cardinal Tarcisio Bertone, the Vatican Secretary of State, has issued a circular concerning Clerical Dress. It stresses the need for all Priests working in the Vatican to wear Clerical Dress. This is taken to mean Cassock and Clerical Collar at all times. On more formal occasions, such as in the presence of the Holy Father, the Fascia should be worn, as well as trimmings to the Cassock, appropriate to their rank.

It seems that some Priests working in the Vatican have adopted the practice of dressing informally, just as some have in England; and Cardinal Bertone has moved to put a stop to it.

A similar move by the English hierarchy would be welcome.

La Porte du Ciel; Porta Caeli

Taken from Holy Card Heaven Blog at http://holycardheaven.blogspot.co.uk/

La Porte du Ciel.

Porta Caeli.

Gate of Heaven.